{"id":43,"date":"2015-02-02T22:48:47","date_gmt":"2015-02-02T22:48:47","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/abealf3\/?post_type=chapter&#038;p=43"},"modified":"2015-04-16T17:58:02","modified_gmt":"2015-04-16T17:58:02","slug":"spy-hopping-with-killer-whales","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/abealf3\/chapter\/spy-hopping-with-killer-whales\/","title":{"raw":"Spy-Hopping with Orca Whales","rendered":"Spy-Hopping with Orca Whales"},"content":{"raw":"[caption id=\"attachment_83\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"300\"]<a href=\"http:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/abealf3\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/95\/2015\/02\/Killerwhales_jumping.jpg\"><img src=\"http:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/abealf3\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/95\/2015\/02\/Killerwhales_jumping-300x199.jpg\" alt=\"Killerwhales_jumping. Photo by Robert Pittman.\" class=\"wp-image-83 size-medium\" height=\"199\" width=\"300\" \/><\/a> Orca whales jumping[\/caption]\r\n<h1><span style=\"color: #003366\">Reading Strategy<\/span><\/h1>\r\n<a href=\"http:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/abealf3\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/95\/2015\/04\/Spy-Hopping-Reading-2015-04-02-9.00-PM.mp3\" target=\"_blank\"><img src=\"http:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/abealf3\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/95\/2015\/04\/AUDIO-1-BT-44x44.png\" alt=\"AUDIO-1-BT-44x44\" width=\"44\" height=\"44\" class=\" wp-image-918 size-full alignleft\" \/><\/a>\r\n\r\nYou are getting better and better at\u00a0telling the difference between fact and opinion. Let's practice one more time.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h2>Which of these statements are facts? Which are opinions?<\/h2>\r\n<table style=\"height: 152px\" width=\"475\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><span style=\"color: #003366\">1. Orca\u00a0whales are mammals.<\/span><\/td>\r\n<td><span style=\"color: #008000\">fact or opinion?<\/span><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><span style=\"color: #003366\">2. We should not build dams on rivers.<\/span><\/td>\r\n<td><span style=\"color: #008000\">fact or opinion?<\/span><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><span style=\"color: #003366\">3. Orca\u00a0whales live in family groups called pods.<\/span><\/td>\r\n<td><span style=\"color: #008000\">fact or opinion?<\/span><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><span style=\"color: #003366\">4. It is a sign of stress when a whale\u2019s fin flops to one side.<\/span><\/td>\r\n<td><span style=\"color: #008000\">fact or opinion?<\/span><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><span style=\"color: #003366\">5. We should not allow whales to be kept in pools.<\/span><\/td>\r\n<td><span style=\"color: #008000\">fact or opinion?<\/span><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<div style=\"padding-left: 30px;text-align: center\" class=\"textbox shaded\"><span style=\"color: #800080\">Check your work with the Answer Key at the end of this chapter.\u00a0<\/span><\/div>\r\n<h2>Predict whether these statements\u00a0are true or false<\/h2>\r\n<table style=\"height: 152px\" width=\"612\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><span style=\"color: #003366\">6. A male orca\u00a0whale can live up to 90 years.<\/span><\/td>\r\n<td><span style=\"color: #008000\">true or false?<\/span><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><span style=\"color: #003366\">7. Orca\u00a0whales hunt by sending out sound waves and listening as the waves come back.<\/span><\/td>\r\n<td><span style=\"color: #008000\">true or false?<\/span><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><span style=\"color: #003366\">8. If a whale\u2019s fin flops to one side, it is a sign that the whale is stressed out.<\/span><\/td>\r\n<td><span style=\"color: #008000\">true or false?<\/span><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><span style=\"color: #003366\">9. Orca\u00a0whales mate for life.<\/span><\/td>\r\n<td><span style=\"color: #008000\">true or false?<\/span><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><span style=\"color: #003366\">10. Orca\u00a0whales can hold their breath underwater for up to one hour.<\/span><\/td>\r\n<td><span style=\"color: #008000\">true or false?<\/span><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\nYou will return to your predictions after you read <a href=\"http:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/abealfreader3\/chapter\/spy-hopping-with-killer-whales\/\"><em>Spy-Hopping with Orca Whales<\/em><\/a>.\r\n<h1><span style=\"color: #003366\">Word Attack Strategy<\/span><\/h1>\r\n<div class=\"bcc-box bcc-success\">\r\n<h3 itemprop=\"educationalUse\">Word Patterns<\/h3>\r\n<a href=\"http:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/abealf3\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/95\/2015\/04\/Spy-Hopping-Word-Attack-2015-04-02-9.03-PM.mp3\" target=\"_blank\"><img src=\"http:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/abealf3\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/95\/2015\/04\/AUDIO-1-BT-44x44.png\" alt=\"AUDIO-1-BT-44x44\" width=\"44\" height=\"44\" class=\" wp-image-918 size-full alignleft\" \/><\/a>When we read, we sometimes come across words we cannot sound out or do not understand. Sometimes writers put a definition of a word in the text so that you don\u2019t have to look it up in a dictionary.\r\n\r\nHere are some examples you have seen before:\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li><span>Coal was very important back then. <strong>Coal<\/strong> is a black rock that can be used for fuel.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li><span>Sook-Yin Lee has been called \u201ca cultural <strong>Jill of all trades<\/strong>.\u201d This means she can do a little bit of everything.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<span>Here are some examples\u00a0<\/span><span>you\u00a0will see in the reading for this chapter<\/span><span>:\u00a0<\/span>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li>A female orca\u00a0whale is called a <strong>cow<\/strong>.<\/li>\r\n\t<li>A male orca\u00a0whale is called a <strong>bull<\/strong>.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nWhen the writer does not give us the meaning, we can make a guess based on what makes sense. To make a good guess, we have to think about the other words around it. Read this sentence:\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li>Orca whales\u00a0must breathe air through a ____________\u00a0on top of their head.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nWhat word might make sense in the blank? Once you make a guess, you will likely find it easier to read this sentence:\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li>Orca whales\u00a0must breathe air through a <strong>blowhole<\/strong> on top of their head.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<h2>Try this<\/h2>\r\nLook quickly at <a href=\"http:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/abealfreader3\/chapter\/spy-hopping-with-killer-whales\/\" target=\"_blank\"><em>Spy-Hopping with Orca\u00a0Whales<\/em><\/a> in your reader. Don\u2019t read it, just find the words <em>fluke<\/em>, <em>spy-hop,<\/em> and <em>breach<\/em>.\u00a0Read the\u00a0paragraph that contains these words.\r\n\r\nWrite definitions for <em>fluke<\/em>, <em>spy<\/em>-<em>hop,<\/em> and <em>breach <\/em>in your own words.\r\n<table style=\"height: 122px\" width=\"534\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><strong>Word<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td><strong>What it means in my own words<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>1. fluke<\/td>\r\n<td><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>2. spy-hop<\/td>\r\n<td><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>3. breach<\/td>\r\n<td><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n4. Look at these sentences from the reading.\u00a0Make a guess about what word goes in the blank. Does your guess sound right? Does it make sense? Write down your words.\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">a. When a baby is born it comes out tail first. The mother brings it to the _____________ of the water. The baby takes its first breath of air.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">b. The biggest _________________ to orca\u00a0whales is people. People build dams on rivers. The dams kill many salmon. With fewer salmon to eat, orca\u00a0whales die, too.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">c. In British Columbia, orca\u00a0whales do something we do not understand. They come onto some beaches and rub their bodies on the smooth, round ________________.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">d.\u00a0Their two flippers help them steer. Their fin keeps them\u00a0________________\u00a0when they go fast.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h1><span style=\"color: #003366\">Use Your Strategies<\/span><\/h1>\r\nNow it's time to read <a href=\"http:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/abealfreader3\/chapter\/spy-hopping-with-killer-whales\/\" target=\"_blank\"><em>Spy-Hopping with Orca\u00a0Whales<\/em><\/a>. You will see some <strong>bold<\/strong> words. If you do not know the word, look at the guess you wrote for\u00a0the task above. Does it help you figure out the word?\r\n<h1><span style=\"color: #003366\">Check Your Understanding<\/span><\/h1>\r\n<h2>Are these statements true or false?<\/h2>\r\nLook back at the reading to find the answer. Then see if your guesses at the start of the chapter were right.\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">1. A male orca\u00a0whale can live up to 90 years.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">2. Orca\u00a0whales hunt by sending out sound waves and listening as the waves come back.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">3. If a whale\u2019s fin flops to one side, it is a sign that the whale is stressed out.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">4. Orca\u00a0whales mate for life.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">5. Orca\u00a0whales can hold their breath underwater for up to one hour.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<div style=\"padding-left: 30px;text-align: center\" class=\"textbox shaded\"><span style=\"color: #800080\">Check your work with the Answer Key at the end of this chapter.\u00a0<\/span><\/div>\r\n<h2>The reading talks about three ways that people are a threat to orca\u00a0whales<\/h2>\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">6. What are the three ways? Write a summary paragraph. Then check your spelling and grammar. Follow this format when you write your paragraph:<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px\">a. Topic sentence.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px\">b. Details of the three ways people are a threat to orca\u00a0whales. Use your own words.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px\">c. Concluding sentence.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<div style=\"padding-left: 30px;text-align: center\" class=\"textbox shaded\"><span style=\"color: #800080\">Ask your instructor to check your work.<\/span><\/div>\r\n<h1><span style=\"color: #003366\">Grammar<\/span><\/h1>\r\n<div class=\"bcc-box bcc-success\">\r\n<h3 itemprop=\"educationalUse\">Grammar Rule<\/h3>\r\n<strong>Homonyms<\/strong><span> are words that sound the same but have different meanings. For example, <\/span><em>male<\/em><span> and <\/span><em>mail<\/em><span> are homonyms. They sound the same. But a <\/span><em>male<\/em><span> is a man and <\/span><em>mail<\/em><span> is a letter or package with a stamp on it.<\/span>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\nIt is important to know which words are homonyms so that you can learn to spell the word that you mean. This way, your reader will understand what you are saying.\r\n\r\n<a href=\"http:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/abealfreader3\/chapter\/spy-hopping-with-killer-whales\/\" target=\"_blank\"><em>Spy-Hopping with Orca\u00a0Whales<\/em><\/a>\u00a0has lots of homonyms.\r\n<h2>Try this<\/h2>\r\n<strong>Tale<\/strong> and <strong>tail<\/strong> sound the same. But they have different meanings.\u00a0Look at these sentences:\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">a. In some <strong>tales<\/strong>, orca\u00a0whales take people from canoes and turn them into whales, too.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">b. Orca\u00a0whales have <strong>tails<\/strong> called flukes. Their flukes give them power when swimming.<\/p>\r\n1. Which word means \"story\"? Tale or tail?\r\n\r\n2. Which word means \"the back part of an animal\u2019s body\"? Tale or tail?\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<strong>No<\/strong> and <strong>know<\/strong> sound the same. But they have different meanings. Look at these sentences:\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">a. Did you <strong>know<\/strong> that orca\u00a0whales cannot breathe underwater?<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">b. In British Columbia, orca\u00a0whales do something <strong>no<\/strong> one understands.<\/p>\r\n3. Which word means \"not any\"? No or know?\r\n\r\n4. Which word means \"to have learned something\"? No or know?\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<strong>There<\/strong>\u00a0and\u00a0<strong>their<\/strong> sound the same. But they have different meanings. Look at these sentences:\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">a. <strong>Their<\/strong> fin keeps them stable when they go fast.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">b. Up north, they tip floating sea ice so that seals, walruses, and sea lions will slide into the mouth of another whale who has been waiting <strong>there<\/strong>.<\/p>\r\n5. Which word means \u201cin that place\u201d? There or their?\r\n\r\n6. Which word shows that \"something belongs to someone\"? There or their?\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<strong>Two<\/strong>, <strong>to<\/strong>, and <strong>too<\/strong> sound the same. But they have different meanings. Look at these sentences:\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">a. Their <strong>two<\/strong> flippers help them steer.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">b. Often the fins of whales that are kept in pools flop <strong>to<\/strong> one side.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">c. The dams kill many salmon. With fewer salmon to eat, orca\u00a0whales die, <strong>too<\/strong>.<\/p>\r\n7. Which word means \u201cas well.\u201d\r\n\r\n8. Which word has to do with \"the direction\u00a0something is moving\"?\r\n\r\n9. Which word means \"the number 2\"?\r\n<div style=\"padding-left: 30px;text-align: center\" class=\"textbox shaded\"><span style=\"color: #800080\">Check your work with the Answer Key at the end of this chapter.\u00a0<\/span><\/div>\r\n<h1><span style=\"color: #003366\">Writing<\/span><\/h1>\r\n<div class=\"bcc-box bcc-info\">\r\n<h3 itemprop=\"educationalUse\">Writing Task<\/h3>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><strong>Imagine that there was an oil spill off the coast of British Columbia.<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<a href=\"http:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/abealf3\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/95\/2015\/04\/Spy-Hopping-Writing-2015-04-02-9.05-PM.mp3\" target=\"_blank\"><img src=\"http:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/abealf3\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/95\/2015\/04\/AUDIO-1-BT-44x44.png\" alt=\"AUDIO-1-BT-44x44\" width=\"44\" height=\"44\" class=\" wp-image-918 size-full alignleft\" \/><\/a>You are a newspaper reporter. Write a paragraph about what happened. Include the five\u00a0W\u2019s - who, what, where, when, why - and how. Predict how the oil spill\u00a0will affect wildlife in British Columbia.\r\n\r\nMake a web\u00a0before you write.\u00a0Ask your instructor for a\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/abealf3\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/95\/2015\/03\/Web1.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">Make a Web<\/a>\u00a0sheet, or open and print one from the link.\r\n\r\nYou can use ideas from the reader, but do not copy word for word.\r\n\r\nWhen you have finished:\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li>Check that you used past and future tenses correctly.<\/li>\r\n\t<li>If you used any homonyms from this chapter, check that you used the correct spelling.<\/li>\r\n\t<li>Hand in your first copy to your instructor.<\/li>\r\n\t<li>Make changes based on your instructor's\u00a0feedback.<\/li>\r\n\t<li>Hand in your web with your first and final copies.<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox shaded\">\r\n<h2>Answer Key<\/h2>\r\n<table>\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td colspan=\"2\"><strong>Reading Strategy<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><strong>QUESTION<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td><strong>ANSWER<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>1<\/td>\r\n<td>fact<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>2<\/td>\r\n<td>opinion<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>3<\/td>\r\n<td>fact<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>4<\/td>\r\n<td>fact<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>5<\/td>\r\n<td>opinion<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td colspan=\"2\"><strong>Word Attack Strategy<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><strong>QUESTION<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td><strong>ANSWER<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>1<\/td>\r\n<td><span>A fluke is a tail.<\/span><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>2<\/td>\r\n<td>\u00a0<span>Spy-hop is when the whale stays upright in the water.<\/span><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>3<\/td>\r\n<td>\u00a0<span>Breach is when the whale jumps right out of the water.<\/span><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>4.<\/td>\r\n<td>Answers will\u00a0vary.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td colspan=\"2\"><strong>Check Your Understanding<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><strong>QUESTION<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td><strong>ANSWER<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>1<\/td>\r\n<td>false<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>2<\/td>\r\n<td>true<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>3<\/td>\r\n<td>true<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>4<\/td>\r\n<td>true<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>5<\/td>\r\n<td>false<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>6<\/td>\r\n<td><em>Example Paragraph<\/em><span>: People are a threat to orca\u00a0whales in three main ways. First, they build dams. The dams kill the salmon that the whales feed on. Second, they cause oil spills that\u00a0harm the animals that orca\u00a0whales eat. Soon after, this harms the whales themselves. Third, they remove orca\u00a0whales from the wild. The whales usually die within five years.\u00a0In these ways, people harm the lives of orca\u00a0whales.<\/span><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<table>\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td colspan=\"2\"><strong>Grammar<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><strong>QUESTION<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td><strong>ANSWER<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>1<\/td>\r\n<td>tale<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>2<\/td>\r\n<td>tail<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>3<\/td>\r\n<td>no<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>4<\/td>\r\n<td>know<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>5<\/td>\r\n<td>there<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>6<\/td>\r\n<td><span>their<\/span><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>7<\/td>\r\n<td>too<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>8<\/td>\r\n<td>to<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>9<\/td>\r\n<td>two<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<h2>Attributions<\/h2>\r\n<a href=\"http:\/\/pixabay.com\/en\/killer-whales-orcas-breaching-591130\/\">Orca whales jumping<\/a> by\u00a0<a class=\"hover_opacity\" href=\"http:\/\/pixabay.com\/en\/users\/skeeze-272447\/\">skeeze<\/a>\u00a0is in the <a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Public_domain\">public domain<\/a>.","rendered":"<figure id=\"attachment_83\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-83\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/abealf3\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/95\/2015\/02\/Killerwhales_jumping.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/abealf3\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/95\/2015\/02\/Killerwhales_jumping-300x199.jpg\" alt=\"Killerwhales_jumping. Photo by Robert Pittman.\" class=\"wp-image-83 size-medium\" height=\"199\" width=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/abealf3\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/95\/2015\/02\/Killerwhales_jumping-300x199.jpg 300w, https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/abealf3\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/95\/2015\/02\/Killerwhales_jumping-1024x681.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/abealf3\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/95\/2015\/02\/Killerwhales_jumping-65x43.jpg 65w, https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/abealf3\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/95\/2015\/02\/Killerwhales_jumping-225x150.jpg 225w, https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/abealf3\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/95\/2015\/02\/Killerwhales_jumping-350x233.jpg 350w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-83\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Orca whales jumping<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h1><span style=\"color: #003366\">Reading Strategy<\/span><\/h1>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/abealf3\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/95\/2015\/04\/Spy-Hopping-Reading-2015-04-02-9.00-PM.mp3\" target=\"_blank\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/abealf3\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/95\/2015\/04\/AUDIO-1-BT-44x44.png\" alt=\"AUDIO-1-BT-44x44\" width=\"44\" height=\"44\" class=\"wp-image-918 size-full alignleft\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>You are getting better and better at\u00a0telling the difference between fact and opinion. Let&#8217;s practice one more time.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2>Which of these statements are facts? Which are opinions?<\/h2>\n<table style=\"height: 152px; width: 475px;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"color: #003366\">1. Orca\u00a0whales are mammals.<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"color: #008000\">fact or opinion?<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"color: #003366\">2. We should not build dams on rivers.<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"color: #008000\">fact or opinion?<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"color: #003366\">3. Orca\u00a0whales live in family groups called pods.<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"color: #008000\">fact or opinion?<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"color: #003366\">4. It is a sign of stress when a whale\u2019s fin flops to one side.<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"color: #008000\">fact or opinion?<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"color: #003366\">5. We should not allow whales to be kept in pools.<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"color: #008000\">fact or opinion?<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<div style=\"padding-left: 30px;text-align: center\" class=\"textbox shaded\"><span style=\"color: #800080\">Check your work with the Answer Key at the end of this chapter.\u00a0<\/span><\/div>\n<h2>Predict whether these statements\u00a0are true or false<\/h2>\n<table style=\"height: 152px; width: 612px;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"color: #003366\">6. A male orca\u00a0whale can live up to 90 years.<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"color: #008000\">true or false?<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"color: #003366\">7. Orca\u00a0whales hunt by sending out sound waves and listening as the waves come back.<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"color: #008000\">true or false?<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"color: #003366\">8. If a whale\u2019s fin flops to one side, it is a sign that the whale is stressed out.<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"color: #008000\">true or false?<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"color: #003366\">9. Orca\u00a0whales mate for life.<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"color: #008000\">true or false?<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"color: #003366\">10. Orca\u00a0whales can hold their breath underwater for up to one hour.<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"color: #008000\">true or false?<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>You will return to your predictions after you read <a href=\"http:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/abealfreader3\/chapter\/spy-hopping-with-killer-whales\/\"><em>Spy-Hopping with Orca Whales<\/em><\/a>.<\/p>\n<h1><span style=\"color: #003366\">Word Attack Strategy<\/span><\/h1>\n<div class=\"bcc-box bcc-success\">\n<h3 itemprop=\"educationalUse\">Word Patterns<\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/abealf3\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/95\/2015\/04\/Spy-Hopping-Word-Attack-2015-04-02-9.03-PM.mp3\" target=\"_blank\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/abealf3\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/95\/2015\/04\/AUDIO-1-BT-44x44.png\" alt=\"AUDIO-1-BT-44x44\" width=\"44\" height=\"44\" class=\"wp-image-918 size-full alignleft\" \/><\/a>When we read, we sometimes come across words we cannot sound out or do not understand. Sometimes writers put a definition of a word in the text so that you don\u2019t have to look it up in a dictionary.<\/p>\n<p>Here are some examples you have seen before:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span>Coal was very important back then. <strong>Coal<\/strong> is a black rock that can be used for fuel.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>Sook-Yin Lee has been called \u201ca cultural <strong>Jill of all trades<\/strong>.\u201d This means she can do a little bit of everything.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span>Here are some examples\u00a0<\/span><span>you\u00a0will see in the reading for this chapter<\/span><span>:\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>A female orca\u00a0whale is called a <strong>cow<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li>A male orca\u00a0whale is called a <strong>bull<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>When the writer does not give us the meaning, we can make a guess based on what makes sense. To make a good guess, we have to think about the other words around it. Read this sentence:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Orca whales\u00a0must breathe air through a ____________\u00a0on top of their head.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>What word might make sense in the blank? Once you make a guess, you will likely find it easier to read this sentence:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Orca whales\u00a0must breathe air through a <strong>blowhole<\/strong> on top of their head.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<h2>Try this<\/h2>\n<p>Look quickly at <a href=\"http:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/abealfreader3\/chapter\/spy-hopping-with-killer-whales\/\" target=\"_blank\"><em>Spy-Hopping with Orca\u00a0Whales<\/em><\/a> in your reader. Don\u2019t read it, just find the words <em>fluke<\/em>, <em>spy-hop,<\/em> and <em>breach<\/em>.\u00a0Read the\u00a0paragraph that contains these words.<\/p>\n<p>Write definitions for <em>fluke<\/em>, <em>spy<\/em>&#8211;<em>hop,<\/em> and <em>breach <\/em>in your own words.<\/p>\n<table style=\"height: 122px; width: 534px;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Word<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>What it means in my own words<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>1. fluke<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>2. spy-hop<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>3. breach<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>4. Look at these sentences from the reading.\u00a0Make a guess about what word goes in the blank. Does your guess sound right? Does it make sense? Write down your words.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">a. When a baby is born it comes out tail first. The mother brings it to the _____________ of the water. The baby takes its first breath of air.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">b. The biggest _________________ to orca\u00a0whales is people. People build dams on rivers. The dams kill many salmon. With fewer salmon to eat, orca\u00a0whales die, too.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">c. In British Columbia, orca\u00a0whales do something we do not understand. They come onto some beaches and rub their bodies on the smooth, round ________________.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">d.\u00a0Their two flippers help them steer. Their fin keeps them\u00a0________________\u00a0when they go fast.<\/p>\n<h1><span style=\"color: #003366\">Use Your Strategies<\/span><\/h1>\n<p>Now it&#8217;s time to read <a href=\"http:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/abealfreader3\/chapter\/spy-hopping-with-killer-whales\/\" target=\"_blank\"><em>Spy-Hopping with Orca\u00a0Whales<\/em><\/a>. You will see some <strong>bold<\/strong> words. If you do not know the word, look at the guess you wrote for\u00a0the task above. Does it help you figure out the word?<\/p>\n<h1><span style=\"color: #003366\">Check Your Understanding<\/span><\/h1>\n<h2>Are these statements true or false?<\/h2>\n<p>Look back at the reading to find the answer. Then see if your guesses at the start of the chapter were right.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">1. A male orca\u00a0whale can live up to 90 years.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">2. Orca\u00a0whales hunt by sending out sound waves and listening as the waves come back.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">3. If a whale\u2019s fin flops to one side, it is a sign that the whale is stressed out.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">4. Orca\u00a0whales mate for life.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">5. Orca\u00a0whales can hold their breath underwater for up to one hour.<\/p>\n<div style=\"padding-left: 30px;text-align: center\" class=\"textbox shaded\"><span style=\"color: #800080\">Check your work with the Answer Key at the end of this chapter.\u00a0<\/span><\/div>\n<h2>The reading talks about three ways that people are a threat to orca\u00a0whales<\/h2>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">6. What are the three ways? Write a summary paragraph. Then check your spelling and grammar. Follow this format when you write your paragraph:<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px\">a. Topic sentence.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px\">b. Details of the three ways people are a threat to orca\u00a0whales. Use your own words.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px\">c. Concluding sentence.<\/p>\n<div style=\"padding-left: 30px;text-align: center\" class=\"textbox shaded\"><span style=\"color: #800080\">Ask your instructor to check your work.<\/span><\/div>\n<h1><span style=\"color: #003366\">Grammar<\/span><\/h1>\n<div class=\"bcc-box bcc-success\">\n<h3 itemprop=\"educationalUse\">Grammar Rule<\/h3>\n<p><strong>Homonyms<\/strong><span> are words that sound the same but have different meanings. For example, <\/span><em>male<\/em><span> and <\/span><em>mail<\/em><span> are homonyms. They sound the same. But a <\/span><em>male<\/em><span> is a man and <\/span><em>mail<\/em><span> is a letter or package with a stamp on it.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>It is important to know which words are homonyms so that you can learn to spell the word that you mean. This way, your reader will understand what you are saying.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/abealfreader3\/chapter\/spy-hopping-with-killer-whales\/\" target=\"_blank\"><em>Spy-Hopping with Orca\u00a0Whales<\/em><\/a>\u00a0has lots of homonyms.<\/p>\n<h2>Try this<\/h2>\n<p><strong>Tale<\/strong> and <strong>tail<\/strong> sound the same. But they have different meanings.\u00a0Look at these sentences:<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">a. In some <strong>tales<\/strong>, orca\u00a0whales take people from canoes and turn them into whales, too.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">b. Orca\u00a0whales have <strong>tails<\/strong> called flukes. Their flukes give them power when swimming.<\/p>\n<p>1. Which word means &#8220;story&#8221;? Tale or tail?<\/p>\n<p>2. Which word means &#8220;the back part of an animal\u2019s body&#8221;? Tale or tail?<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>No<\/strong> and <strong>know<\/strong> sound the same. But they have different meanings. Look at these sentences:<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">a. Did you <strong>know<\/strong> that orca\u00a0whales cannot breathe underwater?<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">b. In British Columbia, orca\u00a0whales do something <strong>no<\/strong> one understands.<\/p>\n<p>3. Which word means &#8220;not any&#8221;? No or know?<\/p>\n<p>4. Which word means &#8220;to have learned something&#8221;? No or know?<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>There<\/strong>\u00a0and\u00a0<strong>their<\/strong> sound the same. But they have different meanings. Look at these sentences:<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">a. <strong>Their<\/strong> fin keeps them stable when they go fast.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">b. Up north, they tip floating sea ice so that seals, walruses, and sea lions will slide into the mouth of another whale who has been waiting <strong>there<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>5. Which word means \u201cin that place\u201d? There or their?<\/p>\n<p>6. Which word shows that &#8220;something belongs to someone&#8221;? There or their?<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Two<\/strong>, <strong>to<\/strong>, and <strong>too<\/strong> sound the same. But they have different meanings. Look at these sentences:<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">a. Their <strong>two<\/strong> flippers help them steer.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">b. Often the fins of whales that are kept in pools flop <strong>to<\/strong> one side.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">c. The dams kill many salmon. With fewer salmon to eat, orca\u00a0whales die, <strong>too<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>7. Which word means \u201cas well.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>8. Which word has to do with &#8220;the direction\u00a0something is moving&#8221;?<\/p>\n<p>9. Which word means &#8220;the number 2&#8221;?<\/p>\n<div style=\"padding-left: 30px;text-align: center\" class=\"textbox shaded\"><span style=\"color: #800080\">Check your work with the Answer Key at the end of this chapter.\u00a0<\/span><\/div>\n<h1><span style=\"color: #003366\">Writing<\/span><\/h1>\n<div class=\"bcc-box bcc-info\">\n<h3 itemprop=\"educationalUse\">Writing Task<\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><strong>Imagine that there was an oil spill off the coast of British Columbia.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/abealf3\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/95\/2015\/04\/Spy-Hopping-Writing-2015-04-02-9.05-PM.mp3\" target=\"_blank\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/abealf3\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/95\/2015\/04\/AUDIO-1-BT-44x44.png\" alt=\"AUDIO-1-BT-44x44\" width=\"44\" height=\"44\" class=\"wp-image-918 size-full alignleft\" \/><\/a>You are a newspaper reporter. Write a paragraph about what happened. Include the five\u00a0W\u2019s &#8211; who, what, where, when, why &#8211; and how. Predict how the oil spill\u00a0will affect wildlife in British Columbia.<\/p>\n<p>Make a web\u00a0before you write.\u00a0Ask your instructor for a\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/abealf3\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/95\/2015\/03\/Web1.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">Make a Web<\/a>\u00a0sheet, or open and print one from the link.<\/p>\n<p>You can use ideas from the reader, but do not copy word for word.<\/p>\n<p>When you have finished:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Check that you used past and future tenses correctly.<\/li>\n<li>If you used any homonyms from this chapter, check that you used the correct spelling.<\/li>\n<li>Hand in your first copy to your instructor.<\/li>\n<li>Make changes based on your instructor&#8217;s\u00a0feedback.<\/li>\n<li>Hand in your web with your first and final copies.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox shaded\">\n<h2>Answer Key<\/h2>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\"><strong>Reading Strategy<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>QUESTION<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>ANSWER<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>1<\/td>\n<td>fact<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>2<\/td>\n<td>opinion<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>3<\/td>\n<td>fact<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>4<\/td>\n<td>fact<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>5<\/td>\n<td>opinion<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\"><strong>Word Attack Strategy<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>QUESTION<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>ANSWER<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>1<\/td>\n<td><span>A fluke is a tail.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>2<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<span>Spy-hop is when the whale stays upright in the water.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>3<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<span>Breach is when the whale jumps right out of the water.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>4.<\/td>\n<td>Answers will\u00a0vary.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\"><strong>Check Your Understanding<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>QUESTION<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>ANSWER<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>1<\/td>\n<td>false<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>2<\/td>\n<td>true<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>3<\/td>\n<td>true<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>4<\/td>\n<td>true<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>5<\/td>\n<td>false<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>6<\/td>\n<td><em>Example Paragraph<\/em><span>: People are a threat to orca\u00a0whales in three main ways. First, they build dams. The dams kill the salmon that the whales feed on. Second, they cause oil spills that\u00a0harm the animals that orca\u00a0whales eat. Soon after, this harms the whales themselves. Third, they remove orca\u00a0whales from the wild. The whales usually die within five years.\u00a0In these ways, people harm the lives of orca\u00a0whales.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\"><strong>Grammar<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>QUESTION<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>ANSWER<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>1<\/td>\n<td>tale<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>2<\/td>\n<td>tail<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>3<\/td>\n<td>no<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>4<\/td>\n<td>know<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>5<\/td>\n<td>there<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>6<\/td>\n<td><span>their<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>7<\/td>\n<td>too<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>8<\/td>\n<td>to<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>9<\/td>\n<td>two<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<h2>Attributions<\/h2>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/pixabay.com\/en\/killer-whales-orcas-breaching-591130\/\">Orca whales jumping<\/a> by\u00a0<a class=\"hover_opacity\" href=\"http:\/\/pixabay.com\/en\/users\/skeeze-272447\/\">skeeze<\/a>\u00a0is in the <a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Public_domain\">public domain<\/a>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"menu_order":4,"template":"","meta":{"pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-43","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry"],"part":38,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/abealf3\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/43","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/abealf3\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/abealf3\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/abealf3\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"version-history":[{"count":26,"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/abealf3\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/43\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":966,"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/abealf3\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/43\/revisions\/966"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/abealf3\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/38"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/abealf3\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/43\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/abealf3\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=43"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/abealf3\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=43"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/abealf3\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=43"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/abealf3\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=43"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}