{"id":27,"date":"2015-04-26T00:05:35","date_gmt":"2015-04-26T00:05:35","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/abealf5\/?post_type=chapter&#038;p=27"},"modified":"2015-08-10T16:21:19","modified_gmt":"2015-08-10T16:21:19","slug":"boost-your-brainpower","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/abealf5\/chapter\/boost-your-brainpower\/","title":{"raw":"Boost Your Brainpower","rendered":"Boost Your Brainpower"},"content":{"raw":"<div class=\"bcc-box bcc-highlight\">\r\n<h3 itemprop=\"educationalUse\">Learning\u00a0Goals<\/h3>\r\nIn this chapter, you will learn to:\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li>Use pre-reading strategies<\/li>\r\n\t<li>Figure out unknown words\u00a0while you read<\/li>\r\n\t<li>Build\u00a0your vocabulary<\/li>\r\n\t<li>Understand the main ideas and details of a text<\/li>\r\n\t<li>Spell words with the suffixes -tion and -sion<\/li>\r\n\t<li>Use\u00a0commas in a series<\/li>\r\n\t<li>Write compound sentences<\/li>\r\n\t<li>Write a\u00a0descriptive paragraph<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<h1><span style=\"color: #003366\">Get Ready to Read<\/span><\/h1>\r\n<h5><strong><span style=\"color: #003366\">Think about the questions below or discuss them with a partner.<\/span><\/strong><\/h5>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li>What things affect how well you learn?<strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/li>\r\n\t<li>How do you deal with stress?<\/li>\r\n\t<li>How do you motivate yourself to try your best in school?<\/li>\r\n\t<li>What would your perfect classroom physically look like?<strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_199\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"400\"]<a href=\"http:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/abealf5\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/86\/2015\/04\/dog-734689_640.jpg\"><img src=\"http:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/abealf5\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/86\/2015\/04\/dog-734689_640.jpg\" alt=\"http:\/\/pixabay.com\/en\/dog-dogue-de-bordeaux-mastiff-734689\/\" class=\"wp-image-199\" height=\"266\" width=\"400\" \/><\/a> Reading[\/caption]\r\n<h1><span style=\"color: #003366\">Reading Strategy<\/span><\/h1>\r\nReaders check their understanding of a text while they read. When you struggle to figure out a word, don\u2019t just skip it. Try this strategy instead. When you see a word you do not know, underline it. Go back and read the words before it. Then read the words after it. Now think of a word that would make sense in the spot that you underlined. Does it sound right? Does it make sense?\r\n\r\nTry this strategy as you read <em><a href=\"http:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/abealfreader5\/chapter\/boost-your-brainpower\/\">Boost Your Brainpower<\/a><\/em>.\r\n<h1><span style=\"color: #003366\">Vocabulary<\/span><\/h1>\r\n<h5><strong><span style=\"color: #003366\">Find these words in the text. Use the context to choose the best meaning.<\/span><\/strong><\/h5>\r\n<table style=\"height: 62px\" width=\"641\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">calories<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">concentration<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">oxygen<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">priorities<\/td>\r\n<td>fluid<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">motivate<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">distraction<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">vision<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">\u00a0fuel<\/td>\r\n<td><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">1. _______________________ is something found in the air that is needed for life.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">2. A _______________________ is something that makes it difficult to think or pay attention.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">3. The ability to pay attention to one thing is called\u00a0_______________________.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">4. If you have _______________________, you have the ability to see.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">5. _______________________ are used to measure the energy in food that gets released into the body.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">6.\u00a0_______________________ are the things that are most important and should be done first.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">7. To _______________________ someone is to make them\u00a0eager to work.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">8. A liquid, or something that can flow like water, can be called a\u00a0_______________________.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">9.\u00a0_______________________ is used to give\u00a0power to something.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"textbox shaded\" style=\"text-align: center\"><span style=\"color: #800080\">Check your work with the Answer Key at the end of this chapter.<\/span><\/div>\r\n<h1><span style=\"color: #003366\">Check Your Understanding<\/span><\/h1>\r\n<h5><strong><span style=\"color: #003366\"> Match each detail to the main idea.<\/span><\/strong><\/h5>\r\n<table>\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #003366\"><strong>Main Idea<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #003366\"><strong>Details<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #003366\">\n\n1. Motivate yourself\r\n\r\n2. Challenge yourself\r\n\r\n3. Create an environment where you work well\r\n\r\n4. Eat healthy food\r\n\r\n5. Involve your senses\r\n\r\n6. Drink enough water\r\n\r\n7. Get oxygen to your brain\r\n\r\n8. Organize yourself\r\n\r\n9. Rest<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #003366\">\n\na. Make to-do lists\r\n\r\nb. Avoid sweet fizzy drinks\r\n\r\nc. Try thinking \u201chow fascinating\u201d when you make a mistake\r\n\r\nd. Try new things\r\n\r\ne. Turn off your cellphone\r\n\r\nf. Go for a walk\r\n\r\ng. Take notes in different colours\r\n\r\nh. 20% of the calories we eat are used to fuel our brain.\r\n\r\ni. Avoid exciting activities before you go to sleep.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_253\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"300\"]<a href=\"http:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/abealf5\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/86\/2015\/05\/feet-684683_1280.jpg\"><img src=\"http:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/abealf5\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/86\/2015\/05\/feet-684683_1280-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"http:\/\/pixabay.com\/en\/feet-bed-children-rest-stay-684683\/\" class=\"wp-image-253 size-medium\" height=\"200\" width=\"300\" \/><\/a> Resting[\/caption]\r\n\r\n<div class=\"textbox shaded\" style=\"text-align: center\"><span style=\"color: #800080\">Check your work with the Answer Key at the end of this chapter.<\/span><\/div>\r\n<h1><span style=\"color: #003366\">Spelling<\/span><\/h1>\r\n<h5><strong><span style=\"color: #003366\">A suffix is the end part of a word. Study these words ending in -tion and -sion. Arrange a date to be tested on your ability to spell these words.<\/span><\/strong><\/h5>\r\n<table style=\"height: 32px\" width=\"654\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #003366\">\n\ninstruction\r\n\r\neducation\r\n\r\nemotion\r\n\r\nsolution\r\n\r\naddition<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #003366\">\n\ndecision\r\n\r\nconclusion\r\n\r\ntelevision\r\n\r\nmission\r\n\r\npassion<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<h5><span style=\"color: #003366\"><strong>One way to figure out how to spell a new word is to write down some possible spellings and see what looks right. Fill in the blanks with t or s based on what looks right.<\/strong><\/span><\/h5>\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">1. deci____ion<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">2. emo____ion<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">3. pas____ion<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">4. instruc____ion<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">5. solu____ion<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">6. mis____ion<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">7. conclu____ion<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">8. educa____ion<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">9. televi____ion<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">10. addi____ion<\/p>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"textbox shaded\" style=\"text-align: center\"><span style=\"color: #800080\">Check your work with the Answer Key at the end of this chapter.<\/span><\/div>\r\n<h1><span style=\"color: #003366\">Commas in a Series<\/span><\/h1>\r\n<div class=\"bcc-box bcc-success\">\r\n<h3 itemprop=\"educationalUse\">Grammar Rule<\/h3>\r\nCommas can be used to separate items in a list. Look at\u00a0how the comma is used in these sentences:\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li>Research suggests that some foods might be especially good for memory and concentration. Examples include: egg yolk, whole grains, nuts, fish, dark leafy green vegetables, beans, strawberries, and blueberries.<\/li>\r\n\t<li>Using a day planner will help you plan ahead, set priorities, be on time, and meet deadlines.<\/li>\r\n\t<li>Going for a walk, a run, or a bike ride really helps get oxygen to your brain.<\/li>\r\n\t<li>Reward yourself by doing something you enjoy like watching a TV show, talking to a friend on the phone, eating a treat, or taking a rest.<\/li>\r\n\t<li>Most brains have five senses: vision, hearing, smell, touch, and taste.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nNotice that the comma does not go before the first word in the list. Also notice that the word \"and\" or \"or\" appears before the last item in the list. The comma goes before \"and\" or \"or\" but not after.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<h5><strong><span style=\"color: #003366\">Add commas to the sentences below.<\/span><\/strong><\/h5>\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">1. The brain needs food oxygen and water.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">2. To help your brain remember the names of the Great Lakes, think of the word HOMES: Huron Ontario Michigan Erie and Superior.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">3. People began performing brain surgery 7,000 years ago. Ancient Egyptians Romans Greeks Chinese Indians and Incas all performed brain surgery.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">4. Emotions are an important part of survival: Fear tells you to run away from danger anger tells you to fight for your life and love creates a need for connection.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">5. The brain has many chemicals that affect our feelings. Dopamine causes us to feel pleasure excitement pain and nausea.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">6. Serotonin plays a role in feelings of happiness sleepiness and fullness.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">7. Endorphins play a role in relaxation and reducing pain.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">8. Noradrenaline can cause us to feel alert excited or anxious.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">9. Oxytocin is the chemical that gets released in our brain when we fall in love.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"textbox shaded\" style=\"text-align: center\"><span style=\"color: #800080\">Ask your instructor to help you pronounce the big words above. Check your work with the Answer Key at the end of this chapter.<\/span><\/div>\r\n<h1><span style=\"color: #003366\">Compound Sentences<\/span><\/h1>\r\nA <strong>compound sentence<\/strong> is made by joining two complete sentences using a comma and one of these joining words: <em>for<\/em>, <em>and<\/em>, <em>nor<\/em>, <em>but<\/em>, <em>or<\/em>, <em>yet<\/em>, or <em>so<\/em>. To remember these joining words, think of the word FANBOYS.\r\n<table>\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><strong>For<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td>Use to explain<\/td>\r\n<td>Study next to an open window<strong>, for<\/strong> fresh air may help your brain focus.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><strong>And<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td>Use to add information<\/td>\r\n<td>Barbara learned to tell time<strong>, and<\/strong> she began to understand the rules of math and grammar.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><strong>Nor<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td>Use to list items that are not options<\/td>\r\n<td>You should not play video games during the hour before bedtime<strong>, nor<\/strong> should you watch television.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><strong>But<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td>Use to show contrast<\/td>\r\n<td>You were born with most of the neurons you have now<strong>, but<\/strong> when you were a baby you didn\u2019t have many pathways to connect them.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><strong>Or<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td>Use to list options<\/td>\r\n<td>You could go for a walk to get more oxygen to your brain<strong>, or<\/strong> you could do some stretches.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><strong>Yet<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td>Use to add surprising information<\/td>\r\n<td>Einstein failed a test to get into university<strong>, yet<\/strong> he went on to become one of the world\u2019s best-known geniuses.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><strong>So<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td>Use to show cause and effect<\/td>\r\n<td>Research suggests your brain does not do well with sudden rushes of sugar<strong>, so<\/strong>\u00a0sweet fizzy drinks do not really help your brain.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<h5><strong><span style=\"color: #003366\">Combine the two complete sentences into one compound sentence. Replace the period with a comma and one of the FANBOYS (for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so).<\/span><\/strong><\/h5>\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">1. The most commonly written word in the English language is \"the.\" The most commonly spoken word in the English language is \"I.\"<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">2. Today, it would be rude to wipe your dirty hands on a tablecloth. The original purpose of the tablecloth was for wiping your hands after eating!<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">3. Honey tastes delicious. It is the only natural food that doesn\u2019t spoil.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">4. You can see both the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans from the top of Mount Irazu on a clear day. The top of the mountain is usually very cloudy.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">5. The ad for the first Ski-Dog snowmobile accidentally called it a Ski-Doo. The company changed the snowmobile\u2019s name to match the ad.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"textbox shaded\" style=\"text-align: center\"><span style=\"color: #800080\">Check your work with the Answer Key at the end of this chapter.<\/span><\/div>\r\n<h1><span style=\"color: #003366\">Writing<\/span><\/h1>\r\nA <strong>descriptive paragraph<\/strong> helps your reader visualize the person, place, or thing that you are describing.\r\n\r\nA descriptive paragraph should:\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li>Begin with a topic sentence that says what you are describing<\/li>\r\n\t<li>End with a concluding sentence that reminds the reader of the topic<\/li>\r\n\t<li>Appeal to the senses: sight, smell, touch, taste, and sound<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<div class=\"textbox\" style=\"text-align: left\"><strong>Huckleberry\r\n<\/strong>\r\nMy dog, Huckleberry, is not very popular with my friends. If they don\u2019t pay attention to him, he makes a high-pitched whining sound like air slowly being let out of a balloon. Other times, he makes the hacking noises of a 90-year-old smoker. He snores like a chainsaw and his breath has the scent of last month\u2019s garbage. But if you plug your nose and your ears, you\u2019ll notice how soft and warm he is to cuddle with. With his white fur and big black spots, he looks like the world\u2019s tiniest, cutest cow. His scruffy beard makes him look rough around the edges, but wise. He\u2019s almost 10 years old, but he has the energy of a puppy. He may not be popular with my friends, but he\u2019s popular with me!<\/div>\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_254\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"300\"]<a href=\"http:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/abealf5\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/86\/2015\/05\/IMG_1295-e1432149960611.jpg\"><img src=\"http:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/abealf5\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/86\/2015\/05\/IMG_1295-811x1024.jpg\" alt=\"(personal photo of shantel)\" class=\"wp-image-254\" height=\"385\" width=\"300\" \/><\/a> Author with Huckleberry[\/caption]\r\n<h5><strong><span style=\"color: #003366\">Identify the details in the descriptive paragraph above that appeal to these senses:<\/span><\/strong><\/h5>\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">1. Sight:<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">2. Smell:<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">3. Touch:<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">4. Sound:<\/p>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"textbox shaded\" style=\"text-align: center\"><span style=\"color: #800080\">Check your work with the Answer Key at the end of this chapter.<\/span><\/div>\r\n<div class=\"bcc-box bcc-info\">\r\n<h3 itemprop=\"educationalUse\">Writing Task<\/h3>\r\nWrite a descriptive paragraph about your perfect classroom. Follow the TOWER method.\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li><strong>Think<\/strong> about all the things that help you learn.\u00a0Now imagine what a classroom would physically look like if it was perfectly set up to help you learn. Be creative. Write down all your ideas. Choose the ones you want to use. Think of some descriptive details that appeal to the senses.<\/li>\r\n\t<li><strong>Organize<\/strong> your ideas. Decide what order you will include them in.<\/li>\r\n\t<li><strong>Write<\/strong> your first draft. Include a topic sentence, your descriptive details, and a concluding sentence.\u00a0Use linking words to show how the ideas are related. Linking words that are helpful for describing a place include:\r\n<table style=\"height: 62px\" width=\"594\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">under<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">over<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">next to<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">on top of<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">above<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">beside<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">near<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">close to<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">inside<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">outside<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/li>\r\n\t<li><strong>Edit<\/strong> your paragraph with the help of your instructor and the <a href=\"http:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/abealf5\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/86\/2015\/06\/Boost-Your-Brainpower-Checklist2.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">Boost Your Brainpower<\/a>\u00a0description checklist.<\/li>\r\n\t<li><strong>Rewrite<\/strong> your paragraph. You may wish to type it on a computer. Finally, hand it in to your instructor.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<span>Ask your instructor for a copy of the checklist, or print one from the link above. For a printable version, see <\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/abealf5\/back-matter\/appendix-2-writing-checklists\/\">Appendix 2<\/a>.<span>\u00a0<\/span>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox shaded\">\r\n<h2>Answer Key<\/h2>\r\n<table>\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td colspan=\"2\"><strong>Vocabulary<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><strong>QUESTION<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td><strong>ANSWER<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>1<\/td>\r\n<td>oxygen<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>2<\/td>\r\n<td>distraction<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>3<\/td>\r\n<td>concentration<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>4<\/td>\r\n<td>vision<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>5<\/td>\r\n<td>calories<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>6<\/td>\r\n<td>priorities<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>7<\/td>\r\n<td>motivate<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>8<\/td>\r\n<td>fluid<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>9<\/td>\r\n<td>fuel<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td colspan=\"2\"><b>Check Your Understanding<\/b><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><strong>QUESTION<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td><strong>ANSWER<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>1<\/td>\r\n<td>c<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>2<\/td>\r\n<td>d<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>3<\/td>\r\n<td>e<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>4<\/td>\r\n<td>h<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>5<\/td>\r\n<td>g<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>6<\/td>\r\n<td>b<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>7<\/td>\r\n<td>f<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>8<\/td>\r\n<td>a<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>9<\/td>\r\n<td>i<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td colspan=\"2\"><strong>Spelling\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><strong>QUESTION<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td><strong>ANSWER<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>1<\/td>\r\n<td>s<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>2<\/td>\r\n<td>t<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>3<\/td>\r\n<td>s<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>4<\/td>\r\n<td>t<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>5<\/td>\r\n<td>t<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>6<\/td>\r\n<td>s<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>7<\/td>\r\n<td>s<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>8<\/td>\r\n<td>t<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>9<\/td>\r\n<td>s<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>10<\/td>\r\n<td>t<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td colspan=\"2\"><b>Commas in a Series<\/b><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><strong>QUESTION<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td><strong>ANSWER<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>1<\/td>\r\n<td>The brain needs food, oxygen, and water.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>2<\/td>\r\n<td>To help your brain remember the names of the Great Lakes, think of the word HOMES: Huron, Ontario, Michigan, Erie, and Superior.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>3<\/td>\r\n<td>People began performing brain surgery 7,000 years ago. Ancient Egyptians, Romans, Greeks, Chinese, Indians, and Incas all performed brain surgery.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>4<\/td>\r\n<td>Emotions are an important part of survival: Fear tells you to run away from danger, anger tells you to fight for your life, and love creates a need for connection.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>5<\/td>\r\n<td>The brain has many chemicals that affect our feelings. Dopamine causes us to feel pleasure, excitement, pain, and nausea.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>6<\/td>\r\n<td>Serotonin plays a role in feelings of happiness, sleepiness, and fullness.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>7<\/td>\r\n<td>no change<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>8<\/td>\r\n<td>Noradrenaline can cause us to feel alert, excited, or anxious.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>9<\/td>\r\n<td>no change<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td colspan=\"2\"><b>Compound Sentences<\/b><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><strong>QUESTION<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td><strong>ANSWER<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>1<\/td>\r\n<td>The most commonly written word in the English language is <em>the<\/em><strong>, and<\/strong> the most commonly spoken word in the English language is <em>I<\/em>. (You could also use <strong>but<\/strong> instead of <strong>and<\/strong><em>.<\/em>)<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>2<\/td>\r\n<td>Today it would be rude to wipe your dirty hands on a tablecloth<strong>, but<\/strong> the original purpose of the tablecloth was for wiping your hands after eating! (You could also use <strong>yet<\/strong> instead of <strong>but<\/strong><em>.<\/em>)<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>3<\/td>\r\n<td>Honey tastes delicious<strong>, and<\/strong> it is the only natural food that doesn\u2019t spoil.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>4<\/td>\r\n<td>You can see both the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans from the top of Mount Irazu on a clear day<strong>, but<\/strong> the top of the mountain is usually very cloudy.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>5<\/td>\r\n<td>The ad for the first Ski-Dog snowmobile accidentally called it a Ski-Doo<strong>, so<\/strong> the company changed the snowmobile\u2019s name to match the ad.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td colspan=\"2\"><strong>Writing<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>1<\/td>\r\n<td>Sight: He has a scruffy beard that makes him look rough around the edges, but wise.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>2<\/td>\r\n<td>Smell: His breath has the scent of last month\u2019s garbage.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>3<\/td>\r\n<td>Touch: He is soft and warm to cuddle with.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>4<\/td>\r\n<td>Sound: He makes a high-pitched whining sound like air slowly being let out of a balloon. He makes the hacking noises of a 90-year-old smoker. He snores like a chainsaw.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<h2>Attributions<\/h2>\r\n<strong>Reading<\/strong><a href=\"http:\/\/pixabay.com\/en\/dog-dogue-de-bordeaux-mastiff-734689\/\">\r\nImage<\/a>\u00a0by\u00a0<a class=\"hover_opacity\" href=\"http:\/\/pixabay.com\/en\/users\/JanDix-947051\/\">JanDix<\/a>\u00a0is in the\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/pixabay.com\/en\/service\/terms\/#download_terms\">public domain<\/a>.\r\n\r\n<strong>Resting<\/strong><a href=\"http:\/\/pixabay.com\/en\/feet-bed-children-rest-stay-684683\/\">\r\nImage<\/a> by\u00a0<a class=\"hover_opacity\" href=\"http:\/\/pixabay.com\/en\/users\/Prinz-Peter-871838\/\">Prinz-Peter<\/a>\u00a0<span>is in the\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/pixabay.com\/en\/service\/terms\/#download_terms\">public domain<\/a>.","rendered":"<div class=\"bcc-box bcc-highlight\">\n<h3 itemprop=\"educationalUse\">Learning\u00a0Goals<\/h3>\n<p>In this chapter, you will learn to:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Use pre-reading strategies<\/li>\n<li>Figure out unknown words\u00a0while you read<\/li>\n<li>Build\u00a0your vocabulary<\/li>\n<li>Understand the main ideas and details of a text<\/li>\n<li>Spell words with the suffixes -tion and -sion<\/li>\n<li>Use\u00a0commas in a series<\/li>\n<li>Write compound sentences<\/li>\n<li>Write a\u00a0descriptive paragraph<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<h1><span style=\"color: #003366\">Get Ready to Read<\/span><\/h1>\n<h5><strong><span style=\"color: #003366\">Think about the questions below or discuss them with a partner.<\/span><\/strong><\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li>What things affect how well you learn?<strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>How do you deal with stress?<\/li>\n<li>How do you motivate yourself to try your best in school?<\/li>\n<li>What would your perfect classroom physically look like?<strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<figure id=\"attachment_199\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-199\" style=\"width: 400px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/abealf5\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/86\/2015\/04\/dog-734689_640.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/abealf5\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/86\/2015\/04\/dog-734689_640.jpg\" alt=\"http:\/\/pixabay.com\/en\/dog-dogue-de-bordeaux-mastiff-734689\/\" class=\"wp-image-199\" height=\"266\" width=\"400\" srcset=\"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/abealf5\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/86\/2015\/04\/dog-734689_640.jpg 640w, https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/abealf5\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/86\/2015\/04\/dog-734689_640-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/abealf5\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/86\/2015\/04\/dog-734689_640-65x43.jpg 65w, https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/abealf5\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/86\/2015\/04\/dog-734689_640-225x150.jpg 225w, https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/abealf5\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/86\/2015\/04\/dog-734689_640-350x233.jpg 350w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-199\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Reading<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h1><span style=\"color: #003366\">Reading Strategy<\/span><\/h1>\n<p>Readers check their understanding of a text while they read. When you struggle to figure out a word, don\u2019t just skip it. Try this strategy instead. When you see a word you do not know, underline it. Go back and read the words before it. Then read the words after it. Now think of a word that would make sense in the spot that you underlined. Does it sound right? Does it make sense?<\/p>\n<p>Try this strategy as you read <em><a href=\"http:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/abealfreader5\/chapter\/boost-your-brainpower\/\">Boost Your Brainpower<\/a><\/em>.<\/p>\n<h1><span style=\"color: #003366\">Vocabulary<\/span><\/h1>\n<h5><strong><span style=\"color: #003366\">Find these words in the text. Use the context to choose the best meaning.<\/span><\/strong><\/h5>\n<table style=\"height: 62px; width: 641px;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">calories<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">concentration<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">oxygen<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">priorities<\/td>\n<td>fluid<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">motivate<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">distraction<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">vision<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">\u00a0fuel<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">1. _______________________ is something found in the air that is needed for life.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">2. A _______________________ is something that makes it difficult to think or pay attention.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">3. The ability to pay attention to one thing is called\u00a0_______________________.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">4. If you have _______________________, you have the ability to see.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">5. _______________________ are used to measure the energy in food that gets released into the body.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">6.\u00a0_______________________ are the things that are most important and should be done first.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">7. To _______________________ someone is to make them\u00a0eager to work.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">8. A liquid, or something that can flow like water, can be called a\u00a0_______________________.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">9.\u00a0_______________________ is used to give\u00a0power to something.<\/p>\n<div class=\"textbox shaded\" style=\"text-align: center\"><span style=\"color: #800080\">Check your work with the Answer Key at the end of this chapter.<\/span><\/div>\n<h1><span style=\"color: #003366\">Check Your Understanding<\/span><\/h1>\n<h5><strong><span style=\"color: #003366\"> Match each detail to the main idea.<\/span><\/strong><\/h5>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #003366\"><strong>Main Idea<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #003366\"><strong>Details<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #003366\">\n<p>1. Motivate yourself<\/p>\n<p>2. Challenge yourself<\/p>\n<p>3. Create an environment where you work well<\/p>\n<p>4. Eat healthy food<\/p>\n<p>5. Involve your senses<\/p>\n<p>6. Drink enough water<\/p>\n<p>7. Get oxygen to your brain<\/p>\n<p>8. Organize yourself<\/p>\n<p>9. Rest<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #003366\">\n<p>a. Make to-do lists<\/p>\n<p>b. Avoid sweet fizzy drinks<\/p>\n<p>c. Try thinking \u201chow fascinating\u201d when you make a mistake<\/p>\n<p>d. Try new things<\/p>\n<p>e. Turn off your cellphone<\/p>\n<p>f. Go for a walk<\/p>\n<p>g. Take notes in different colours<\/p>\n<p>h. 20% of the calories we eat are used to fuel our brain.<\/p>\n<p>i. Avoid exciting activities before you go to sleep.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<figure id=\"attachment_253\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-253\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/abealf5\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/86\/2015\/05\/feet-684683_1280.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/abealf5\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/86\/2015\/05\/feet-684683_1280-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"http:\/\/pixabay.com\/en\/feet-bed-children-rest-stay-684683\/\" class=\"wp-image-253 size-medium\" height=\"200\" width=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/abealf5\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/86\/2015\/05\/feet-684683_1280-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/abealf5\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/86\/2015\/05\/feet-684683_1280-1024x682.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/abealf5\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/86\/2015\/05\/feet-684683_1280-65x43.jpg 65w, https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/abealf5\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/86\/2015\/05\/feet-684683_1280-225x150.jpg 225w, https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/abealf5\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/86\/2015\/05\/feet-684683_1280-350x233.jpg 350w, https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/abealf5\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/86\/2015\/05\/feet-684683_1280.jpg 1280w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-253\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Resting<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<div class=\"textbox shaded\" style=\"text-align: center\"><span style=\"color: #800080\">Check your work with the Answer Key at the end of this chapter.<\/span><\/div>\n<h1><span style=\"color: #003366\">Spelling<\/span><\/h1>\n<h5><strong><span style=\"color: #003366\">A suffix is the end part of a word. Study these words ending in -tion and -sion. Arrange a date to be tested on your ability to spell these words.<\/span><\/strong><\/h5>\n<table style=\"height: 32px; width: 654px;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #003366\">\n<p>instruction<\/p>\n<p>education<\/p>\n<p>emotion<\/p>\n<p>solution<\/p>\n<p>addition<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid #003366\">\n<p>decision<\/p>\n<p>conclusion<\/p>\n<p>television<\/p>\n<p>mission<\/p>\n<p>passion<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h5><span style=\"color: #003366\"><strong>One way to figure out how to spell a new word is to write down some possible spellings and see what looks right. Fill in the blanks with t or s based on what looks right.<\/strong><\/span><\/h5>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">1. deci____ion<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">2. emo____ion<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">3. pas____ion<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">4. instruc____ion<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">5. solu____ion<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">6. mis____ion<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">7. conclu____ion<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">8. educa____ion<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">9. televi____ion<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">10. addi____ion<\/p>\n<div class=\"textbox shaded\" style=\"text-align: center\"><span style=\"color: #800080\">Check your work with the Answer Key at the end of this chapter.<\/span><\/div>\n<h1><span style=\"color: #003366\">Commas in a Series<\/span><\/h1>\n<div class=\"bcc-box bcc-success\">\n<h3 itemprop=\"educationalUse\">Grammar Rule<\/h3>\n<p>Commas can be used to separate items in a list. Look at\u00a0how the comma is used in these sentences:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Research suggests that some foods might be especially good for memory and concentration. Examples include: egg yolk, whole grains, nuts, fish, dark leafy green vegetables, beans, strawberries, and blueberries.<\/li>\n<li>Using a day planner will help you plan ahead, set priorities, be on time, and meet deadlines.<\/li>\n<li>Going for a walk, a run, or a bike ride really helps get oxygen to your brain.<\/li>\n<li>Reward yourself by doing something you enjoy like watching a TV show, talking to a friend on the phone, eating a treat, or taking a rest.<\/li>\n<li>Most brains have five senses: vision, hearing, smell, touch, and taste.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Notice that the comma does not go before the first word in the list. Also notice that the word &#8220;and&#8221; or &#8220;or&#8221; appears before the last item in the list. The comma goes before &#8220;and&#8221; or &#8220;or&#8221; but not after.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<h5><strong><span style=\"color: #003366\">Add commas to the sentences below.<\/span><\/strong><\/h5>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">1. The brain needs food oxygen and water.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">2. To help your brain remember the names of the Great Lakes, think of the word HOMES: Huron Ontario Michigan Erie and Superior.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">3. People began performing brain surgery 7,000 years ago. Ancient Egyptians Romans Greeks Chinese Indians and Incas all performed brain surgery.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">4. Emotions are an important part of survival: Fear tells you to run away from danger anger tells you to fight for your life and love creates a need for connection.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">5. The brain has many chemicals that affect our feelings. Dopamine causes us to feel pleasure excitement pain and nausea.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">6. Serotonin plays a role in feelings of happiness sleepiness and fullness.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">7. Endorphins play a role in relaxation and reducing pain.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">8. Noradrenaline can cause us to feel alert excited or anxious.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">9. Oxytocin is the chemical that gets released in our brain when we fall in love.<\/p>\n<div class=\"textbox shaded\" style=\"text-align: center\"><span style=\"color: #800080\">Ask your instructor to help you pronounce the big words above. Check your work with the Answer Key at the end of this chapter.<\/span><\/div>\n<h1><span style=\"color: #003366\">Compound Sentences<\/span><\/h1>\n<p>A <strong>compound sentence<\/strong> is made by joining two complete sentences using a comma and one of these joining words: <em>for<\/em>, <em>and<\/em>, <em>nor<\/em>, <em>but<\/em>, <em>or<\/em>, <em>yet<\/em>, or <em>so<\/em>. To remember these joining words, think of the word FANBOYS.<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>For<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>Use to explain<\/td>\n<td>Study next to an open window<strong>, for<\/strong> fresh air may help your brain focus.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>And<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>Use to add information<\/td>\n<td>Barbara learned to tell time<strong>, and<\/strong> she began to understand the rules of math and grammar.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Nor<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>Use to list items that are not options<\/td>\n<td>You should not play video games during the hour before bedtime<strong>, nor<\/strong> should you watch television.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>But<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>Use to show contrast<\/td>\n<td>You were born with most of the neurons you have now<strong>, but<\/strong> when you were a baby you didn\u2019t have many pathways to connect them.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Or<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>Use to list options<\/td>\n<td>You could go for a walk to get more oxygen to your brain<strong>, or<\/strong> you could do some stretches.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Yet<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>Use to add surprising information<\/td>\n<td>Einstein failed a test to get into university<strong>, yet<\/strong> he went on to become one of the world\u2019s best-known geniuses.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>So<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>Use to show cause and effect<\/td>\n<td>Research suggests your brain does not do well with sudden rushes of sugar<strong>, so<\/strong>\u00a0sweet fizzy drinks do not really help your brain.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h5><strong><span style=\"color: #003366\">Combine the two complete sentences into one compound sentence. Replace the period with a comma and one of the FANBOYS (for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so).<\/span><\/strong><\/h5>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">1. The most commonly written word in the English language is &#8220;the.&#8221; The most commonly spoken word in the English language is &#8220;I.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">2. Today, it would be rude to wipe your dirty hands on a tablecloth. The original purpose of the tablecloth was for wiping your hands after eating!<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">3. Honey tastes delicious. It is the only natural food that doesn\u2019t spoil.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">4. You can see both the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans from the top of Mount Irazu on a clear day. The top of the mountain is usually very cloudy.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">5. The ad for the first Ski-Dog snowmobile accidentally called it a Ski-Doo. The company changed the snowmobile\u2019s name to match the ad.<\/p>\n<div class=\"textbox shaded\" style=\"text-align: center\"><span style=\"color: #800080\">Check your work with the Answer Key at the end of this chapter.<\/span><\/div>\n<h1><span style=\"color: #003366\">Writing<\/span><\/h1>\n<p>A <strong>descriptive paragraph<\/strong> helps your reader visualize the person, place, or thing that you are describing.<\/p>\n<p>A descriptive paragraph should:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Begin with a topic sentence that says what you are describing<\/li>\n<li>End with a concluding sentence that reminds the reader of the topic<\/li>\n<li>Appeal to the senses: sight, smell, touch, taste, and sound<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"textbox\" style=\"text-align: left\"><strong>Huckleberry<br \/>\n<\/strong><br \/>\nMy dog, Huckleberry, is not very popular with my friends. If they don\u2019t pay attention to him, he makes a high-pitched whining sound like air slowly being let out of a balloon. Other times, he makes the hacking noises of a 90-year-old smoker. He snores like a chainsaw and his breath has the scent of last month\u2019s garbage. But if you plug your nose and your ears, you\u2019ll notice how soft and warm he is to cuddle with. With his white fur and big black spots, he looks like the world\u2019s tiniest, cutest cow. His scruffy beard makes him look rough around the edges, but wise. He\u2019s almost 10 years old, but he has the energy of a puppy. He may not be popular with my friends, but he\u2019s popular with me!<\/div>\n<figure id=\"attachment_254\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-254\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/abealf5\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/86\/2015\/05\/IMG_1295-e1432149960611.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/abealf5\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/86\/2015\/05\/IMG_1295-811x1024.jpg\" alt=\"(personal photo of shantel)\" class=\"wp-image-254\" height=\"385\" width=\"300\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-254\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Author with Huckleberry<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h5><strong><span style=\"color: #003366\">Identify the details in the descriptive paragraph above that appeal to these senses:<\/span><\/strong><\/h5>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">1. Sight:<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">2. Smell:<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">3. Touch:<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">4. Sound:<\/p>\n<div class=\"textbox shaded\" style=\"text-align: center\"><span style=\"color: #800080\">Check your work with the Answer Key at the end of this chapter.<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"bcc-box bcc-info\">\n<h3 itemprop=\"educationalUse\">Writing Task<\/h3>\n<p>Write a descriptive paragraph about your perfect classroom. Follow the TOWER method.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Think<\/strong> about all the things that help you learn.\u00a0Now imagine what a classroom would physically look like if it was perfectly set up to help you learn. Be creative. Write down all your ideas. Choose the ones you want to use. Think of some descriptive details that appeal to the senses.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Organize<\/strong> your ideas. Decide what order you will include them in.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Write<\/strong> your first draft. Include a topic sentence, your descriptive details, and a concluding sentence.\u00a0Use linking words to show how the ideas are related. Linking words that are helpful for describing a place include:<br \/>\n<table style=\"height: 62px; width: 594px;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">under<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">over<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">next to<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">on top of<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">above<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">beside<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">near<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">close to<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">inside<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">outside<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Edit<\/strong> your paragraph with the help of your instructor and the <a href=\"http:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/abealf5\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/86\/2015\/06\/Boost-Your-Brainpower-Checklist2.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">Boost Your Brainpower<\/a>\u00a0description checklist.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Rewrite<\/strong> your paragraph. You may wish to type it on a computer. Finally, hand it in to your instructor.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span>Ask your instructor for a copy of the checklist, or print one from the link above. For a printable version, see <\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/abealf5\/back-matter\/appendix-2-writing-checklists\/\">Appendix 2<\/a>.<span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox shaded\">\n<h2>Answer Key<\/h2>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\"><strong>Vocabulary<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>QUESTION<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>ANSWER<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>1<\/td>\n<td>oxygen<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>2<\/td>\n<td>distraction<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>3<\/td>\n<td>concentration<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>4<\/td>\n<td>vision<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>5<\/td>\n<td>calories<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>6<\/td>\n<td>priorities<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>7<\/td>\n<td>motivate<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>8<\/td>\n<td>fluid<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>9<\/td>\n<td>fuel<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\"><b>Check Your Understanding<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>QUESTION<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>ANSWER<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>1<\/td>\n<td>c<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>2<\/td>\n<td>d<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>3<\/td>\n<td>e<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>4<\/td>\n<td>h<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>5<\/td>\n<td>g<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>6<\/td>\n<td>b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>7<\/td>\n<td>f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>8<\/td>\n<td>a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>9<\/td>\n<td>i<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\"><strong>Spelling\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>QUESTION<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>ANSWER<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>1<\/td>\n<td>s<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>2<\/td>\n<td>t<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>3<\/td>\n<td>s<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>4<\/td>\n<td>t<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>5<\/td>\n<td>t<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>6<\/td>\n<td>s<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>7<\/td>\n<td>s<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>8<\/td>\n<td>t<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>9<\/td>\n<td>s<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>10<\/td>\n<td>t<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\"><b>Commas in a Series<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>QUESTION<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>ANSWER<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>1<\/td>\n<td>The brain needs food, oxygen, and water.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>2<\/td>\n<td>To help your brain remember the names of the Great Lakes, think of the word HOMES: Huron, Ontario, Michigan, Erie, and Superior.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>3<\/td>\n<td>People began performing brain surgery 7,000 years ago. Ancient Egyptians, Romans, Greeks, Chinese, Indians, and Incas all performed brain surgery.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>4<\/td>\n<td>Emotions are an important part of survival: Fear tells you to run away from danger, anger tells you to fight for your life, and love creates a need for connection.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>5<\/td>\n<td>The brain has many chemicals that affect our feelings. Dopamine causes us to feel pleasure, excitement, pain, and nausea.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>6<\/td>\n<td>Serotonin plays a role in feelings of happiness, sleepiness, and fullness.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>7<\/td>\n<td>no change<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>8<\/td>\n<td>Noradrenaline can cause us to feel alert, excited, or anxious.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>9<\/td>\n<td>no change<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\"><b>Compound Sentences<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>QUESTION<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>ANSWER<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>1<\/td>\n<td>The most commonly written word in the English language is <em>the<\/em><strong>, and<\/strong> the most commonly spoken word in the English language is <em>I<\/em>. (You could also use <strong>but<\/strong> instead of <strong>and<\/strong><em>.<\/em>)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>2<\/td>\n<td>Today it would be rude to wipe your dirty hands on a tablecloth<strong>, but<\/strong> the original purpose of the tablecloth was for wiping your hands after eating! (You could also use <strong>yet<\/strong> instead of <strong>but<\/strong><em>.<\/em>)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>3<\/td>\n<td>Honey tastes delicious<strong>, and<\/strong> it is the only natural food that doesn\u2019t spoil.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>4<\/td>\n<td>You can see both the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans from the top of Mount Irazu on a clear day<strong>, but<\/strong> the top of the mountain is usually very cloudy.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>5<\/td>\n<td>The ad for the first Ski-Dog snowmobile accidentally called it a Ski-Doo<strong>, so<\/strong> the company changed the snowmobile\u2019s name to match the ad.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\"><strong>Writing<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>1<\/td>\n<td>Sight: He has a scruffy beard that makes him look rough around the edges, but wise.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>2<\/td>\n<td>Smell: His breath has the scent of last month\u2019s garbage.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>3<\/td>\n<td>Touch: He is soft and warm to cuddle with.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>4<\/td>\n<td>Sound: He makes a high-pitched whining sound like air slowly being let out of a balloon. He makes the hacking noises of a 90-year-old smoker. He snores like a chainsaw.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<h2>Attributions<\/h2>\n<p><strong>Reading<\/strong><a href=\"http:\/\/pixabay.com\/en\/dog-dogue-de-bordeaux-mastiff-734689\/\"><br \/>\nImage<\/a>\u00a0by\u00a0<a class=\"hover_opacity\" href=\"http:\/\/pixabay.com\/en\/users\/JanDix-947051\/\">JanDix<\/a>\u00a0is in the\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/pixabay.com\/en\/service\/terms\/#download_terms\">public domain<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Resting<\/strong><a href=\"http:\/\/pixabay.com\/en\/feet-bed-children-rest-stay-684683\/\"><br \/>\nImage<\/a> by\u00a0<a class=\"hover_opacity\" href=\"http:\/\/pixabay.com\/en\/users\/Prinz-Peter-871838\/\">Prinz-Peter<\/a>\u00a0<span>is in the\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/pixabay.com\/en\/service\/terms\/#download_terms\">public domain<\/a>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":55,"menu_order":4,"template":"","meta":{"pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-27","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry"],"part":3,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/abealf5\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/27","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/abealf5\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/abealf5\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/abealf5\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/55"}],"version-history":[{"count":28,"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/abealf5\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/27\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":820,"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/abealf5\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/27\/revisions\/820"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/abealf5\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/3"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/abealf5\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/27\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/abealf5\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=27"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/abealf5\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=27"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/abealf5\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=27"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/abealf5\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=27"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}