{"id":474,"date":"2023-01-06T13:49:47","date_gmt":"2023-01-06T18:49:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/alfm4\/?post_type=chapter&#038;p=474"},"modified":"2025-03-07T19:18:31","modified_gmt":"2025-03-08T00:18:31","slug":"why-metric","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/alfm4\/chapter\/why-metric\/","title":{"raw":"Topic A: Why Metric?","rendered":"Topic A: Why Metric?"},"content":{"raw":"This unit will help you explore the system of metric measurement.\r\n\r\nFirst, why metric?\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>98% of the countries in the world use the metric system.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>The International System of Units (SI) was established in 1960 as a result of a long series of international discussions. The SI sets the standards for the modern metric system. Because of SI, the use of the metric system provides exact measurements which have the same meaning worldwide.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>The metric system is patterned after the decimal number system \u2013 which means that the metric system focuses on <strong>10<\/strong>. The calculations within the metric system are done with [pb_glossary id=\"649\"]factors[\/pb_glossary] such as 10, 100, 1000. Many such calculations can be done by simply moving the decimal point.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>The metric system uses the same prefixes with all the units. Once you understand the prefixes and the units, your knowledge can be applied to all the metric measures used in science, technology, and everyday life.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>The SI provides certain rules of style. Some of these are listed for your reference over the next few sections. Read them over now and then look back at them often as you work with metric measurement.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nThe end of this unit will look at how metric measurement (metres, litres, grams, etc.) and imperial measurement (inches, feet, cups, ounces, pounds, etc) compare to each other.\r\n<h1>A Review of Measurement Units<\/h1>\r\n<h2>The Metre<\/h2>\r\nThe metre is the base unit used to measure length, height, and distance.\r\n\r\nHere are some ways we use length, height, and distance measurement in our everyday lives:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>I drove 371 km from Smithers to Prince George.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>It is 1755 km from Dease Lake to Vancouver.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>The height of a newborn baby is 50 cm.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>An average adult male is about 1.8 m tall.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>A standard doorway is 2 m high.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>A brand new pencil is about 18 cm long.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>The base of a pencil is about 8 mm in length.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2>The Gram<\/h2>\r\nThe gram is the unit for measuring mass. (We use the words mass and weight in the same way.)\r\n\r\nHere are some ways we use the measurement of mass in our everyday lives:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>1 paper clip is 1 g.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>1000 paper clips is 1 kg, or 1000 g.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>A medium-sized raisin is about 1 g.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>A block of butter (known as 1 pound in the imperial system) is 453.5 g.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>A bag of flour can weigh 10 kg.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>A baby might weigh about 3.5 kg when born.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>A semi-trailer transport truck weighs about 425 000 kg.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2>The Litre<\/h2>\r\nLitres are the everyday unit that we use to measure volume or capacity.\r\n\r\nVolume or capacity tells how much a container can hold.\u00a0 For example, the volume of the classroom would be represented by the amount of air in the room.\u00a0 The capacity of a container would be the amount of liquid it could hold.\r\n\r\nWe use litres to measure liquids and gases such as air.\r\n\r\nHere are some ways we use volume measurement in our everyday lives:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>A big plastic milk jug is 4 L.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>A juice box that goes in a child's lunch is 250 ml.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>There is 355 ml of pop in a regular pop can.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Gas tanks can hold about 50 L of gasoline.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>The average person has about 3.8 L of blood in his or her body.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2>Celsius<\/h2>\r\nDegrees Celsius is the common unit for measuring temperature. The symbol is \u00b0C.\r\n\r\nThe Celsius temperature scale was determined this way:\r\n<ol>\r\n \t<li>The freezing point of water was set at 0\u00b0C<\/li>\r\n \t<li>The boiling point of water was set at 100\u00b0C<\/li>\r\n \t<li>The interval between freezing and boiling of water was divided into 100 equal parts known as degrees Celsius<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n(The name Celsius comes from the 18th century Swedish scientist, Anders Celsius.)\r\n\r\nWe say that temperatures colder than the freezing point of water are \"below zero\" or \"below freezing\" and we put a minus sign in front of the number.\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Five and a half degrees below freezing is written \u22125.5\u00b0C<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Forty degrees below zero is written \u221240\u00b0C<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<img class=\"aligncenter wp-image-283 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/alfm4\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/421\/2022\/12\/image220.png\" alt=\"A labelled thermometer showing that the boiling point of water is 100\u00b0C, body temperature is 37\u00b0C, room temperature is 20\u00b0C, freezing point of water is 0\u00b0C.\" width=\"348\" height=\"325\" \/>\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--exercises\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Exercise 1<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n\r\nWhat are the temperatures on the thermometers pictured on the page?\r\n<ol class=\"twocolumn\" type=\"a\">\r\n \t<li><img class=\"aligncenter wp-image-285 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/alfm4\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/421\/2022\/12\/image224.png\" alt=\"A thermometer coloured up to 20 degrees C.\" width=\"135\" height=\"327\" \/><\/li>\r\n \t<li><img class=\"aligncenter wp-image-284 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/alfm4\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/421\/2022\/12\/image223-e1673032466986.png\" alt=\"A thermometer coloured up to negative 5 degrees C.\" width=\"135\" height=\"337\" \/><\/li>\r\n \t<li><img class=\"aligncenter wp-image-287 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/alfm4\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/421\/2022\/12\/image229-e1673032498566.png\" alt=\"A thermometer coloured up to 100 degrees C.\" width=\"135\" height=\"336\" \/><\/li>\r\n \t<li><img class=\"aligncenter wp-image-286 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/alfm4\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/421\/2022\/12\/image227-e1673032526411.png\" alt=\"A thermometer coloured up to zero degrees C.\" width=\"135\" height=\"337\" \/><\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<strong>Answers to Exercise 1<\/strong>\r\n<ol class=\"twocolumn\" type=\"a\">\r\n \t<li>20\u00b0C<\/li>\r\n \t<li>\u22125\u00b0C<\/li>\r\n \t<li>100\u00b0C<\/li>\r\n \t<li>0\u00b0C<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<table class=\"grid aligncenter\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 50%;\" border=\"0\"><caption>Body Temperatures<\/caption>\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<th style=\"width: 25%;\" scope=\"col\">Temperature<\/th>\r\n<th style=\"width: 75%;\" scope=\"col\">Details<\/th>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>37\u00b0C<\/td>\r\n<td>normal<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>38\u00b0C<\/td>\r\n<td>slightly feverish<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>39\u00b0C<\/td>\r\n<td>very feverish<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>40\u00b0C<\/td>\r\n<td>dangerously high body temperature (equal to 104\u00b0F)<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<table class=\"grid aligncenter\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 50%;\" border=\"0\"><caption>Air Temperatures<\/caption>\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<th style=\"width: 25%;\" scope=\"col\">Temperature<\/th>\r\n<th style=\"width: 75%;\" scope=\"col\">Details<\/th>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>40\u00b0C<\/td>\r\n<td>too hot \u2013 sit down in the shade and relax!<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>30\u00b0C<\/td>\r\n<td>very warm summer's day<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>20\u00b0C<\/td>\r\n<td>pleasant temperature for outdoor activities<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>10\u00b0C<\/td>\r\n<td>quite cool, you need a coat<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>0\u00b0C<\/td>\r\n<td>water is freezing<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>\u221210\u00b0C<\/td>\r\n<td>brisk winter\u2018s day<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>\u221220\u00b0C<\/td>\r\n<td>cold, watch for frostbite<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>\u221230\u00b0C<\/td>\r\n<td>very cold<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>\u221240\u00b0C<\/td>\r\n<td>extremely cold!!!<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--exercises\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Exercise 2<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n\r\nKeep track of the morning temperatures each day for a week. Put a thermometer outside your window and fill in the following chart. This is a great activity to do with your kids. The purpose of this activity is to get familiar with reading a thermometer, which is practicing a scientific measurement.\r\n<table class=\"grid\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;\" border=\"0\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<th style=\"width: 12.5%;\" scope=\"col\">Day of week<\/th>\r\n<th style=\"width: 12.5%;\" scope=\"col\">Sunday<\/th>\r\n<th style=\"width: 12.5%;\" scope=\"col\">Monday<\/th>\r\n<th style=\"width: 12.5%;\" scope=\"col\">Tuesday<\/th>\r\n<th style=\"width: 12.5%;\" scope=\"col\">Wednesday<\/th>\r\n<th style=\"width: 12.5%;\" scope=\"col\">Thursday<\/th>\r\n<th style=\"width: 12.5%;\" scope=\"col\">Friday<\/th>\r\n<th style=\"width: 12.5%;\" scope=\"col\">Saturday<\/th>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<th style=\"width: 12.5%;\" scope=\"row\">Temperature in \u00b0C<\/th>\r\n<td style=\"width: 12.5%;\"><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 12.5%;\"><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 12.5%;\"><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 12.5%;\"><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 12.5%;\"><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 12.5%;\"><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 12.5%;\"><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<h1>Rules of Style<\/h1>\r\n<h2>Names of Units<\/h2>\r\nThe name of a unit starts with a lower case (small) letter except at the beginning of a sentence and except for degrees Celsius.\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">gram\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0metre\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0litre\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0second<\/p>\r\nUse only one prefix at a time with a base unit. Do not use a hyphen (-) between the prefix and the base unit.\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">kilogram\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0centimetre\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0millilitre<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h2>Symbols<\/h2>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>With numerals, use the symbols for the metric units, not the full name.\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>For example:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>67 <strong>km<\/strong> not 67 <strong>kilometres<\/strong><\/li>\r\n \t<li>2.1 <strong>L<\/strong> not 2.1 <strong>litres<\/strong><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Write the full name of the unit and prefix if no numeral is used.\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>For example: Milk is measured in <strong>litres<\/strong>.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Do not use a period after the symbols. A period is only used if the symbol is at the end of a sentence.\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>For example:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Matt drove 457 <strong>km<\/strong> yesterday.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Yesterday, Matt drove 457 <strong>km<\/strong>.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Do not use an \"S\" with the symbols to mean more than one unit.\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>For example:\u00a0 Four kilograms is written 4 <strong>kg <\/strong>not 4 <strong>kgs<\/strong><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Do not start a sentence with a symbol; write out the full name at the beginning of a sentence.\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>For example: \"<strong>Kilograms<\/strong> are quite heavy\" not \"<strong>Kg<\/strong> are quite heavy\".<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li>If a unit is squared, an exponent is used.\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>For example: five square metres is written as <strong>5 m<sup>2<\/sup><\/strong>.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2>Numerals<\/h2>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Leave a space between the last [pb_glossary id=\"631\"]digit[\/pb_glossary] of the numeral and the symbol.\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>For example:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li><strong>45 km<\/strong> not <strong>45km<\/strong><\/li>\r\n \t<li><strong>2.5 L<\/strong> not <strong>2.5L<\/strong><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li>An exception is degrees Celsius, which is written as 27\u00b0C with no space.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Use decimal fractions with metric units, not [pb_glossary id=\"621\"]common fractions[\/pb_glossary].\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>For example: <strong>10.75<\/strong> km not [latex]10\\frac{3}{4}[\/latex]<strong>\u00a0 <\/strong>km<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li>If a number is greater than ten, the preferred SI form is to use numerals, not the written-out number name.\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>For example: <strong>15 L<\/strong> not <strong>fifteen litres<\/strong><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li>If you do write the number name instead of using numerals, write the full name of the metric unit also.\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>For example: <strong>two kilometres, twenty-five metres<\/strong><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>","rendered":"<p>This unit will help you explore the system of metric measurement.<\/p>\n<p>First, why metric?<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>98% of the countries in the world use the metric system.<\/li>\n<li>The International System of Units (SI) was established in 1960 as a result of a long series of international discussions. The SI sets the standards for the modern metric system. Because of SI, the use of the metric system provides exact measurements which have the same meaning worldwide.<\/li>\n<li>The metric system is patterned after the decimal number system \u2013 which means that the metric system focuses on <strong>10<\/strong>. The calculations within the metric system are done with <a class=\"glossary-term\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\" aria-describedby=\"definition\" href=\"#term_474_649\">factors<\/a> such as 10, 100, 1000. Many such calculations can be done by simply moving the decimal point.<\/li>\n<li>The metric system uses the same prefixes with all the units. Once you understand the prefixes and the units, your knowledge can be applied to all the metric measures used in science, technology, and everyday life.<\/li>\n<li>The SI provides certain rules of style. Some of these are listed for your reference over the next few sections. Read them over now and then look back at them often as you work with metric measurement.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The end of this unit will look at how metric measurement (metres, litres, grams, etc.) and imperial measurement (inches, feet, cups, ounces, pounds, etc) compare to each other.<\/p>\n<h1>A Review of Measurement Units<\/h1>\n<h2>The Metre<\/h2>\n<p>The metre is the base unit used to measure length, height, and distance.<\/p>\n<p>Here are some ways we use length, height, and distance measurement in our everyday lives:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>I drove 371 km from Smithers to Prince George.<\/li>\n<li>It is 1755 km from Dease Lake to Vancouver.<\/li>\n<li>The height of a newborn baby is 50 cm.<\/li>\n<li>An average adult male is about 1.8 m tall.<\/li>\n<li>A standard doorway is 2 m high.<\/li>\n<li>A brand new pencil is about 18 cm long.<\/li>\n<li>The base of a pencil is about 8 mm in length.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>The Gram<\/h2>\n<p>The gram is the unit for measuring mass. (We use the words mass and weight in the same way.)<\/p>\n<p>Here are some ways we use the measurement of mass in our everyday lives:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>1 paper clip is 1 g.<\/li>\n<li>1000 paper clips is 1 kg, or 1000 g.<\/li>\n<li>A medium-sized raisin is about 1 g.<\/li>\n<li>A block of butter (known as 1 pound in the imperial system) is 453.5 g.<\/li>\n<li>A bag of flour can weigh 10 kg.<\/li>\n<li>A baby might weigh about 3.5 kg when born.<\/li>\n<li>A semi-trailer transport truck weighs about 425 000 kg.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>The Litre<\/h2>\n<p>Litres are the everyday unit that we use to measure volume or capacity.<\/p>\n<p>Volume or capacity tells how much a container can hold.\u00a0 For example, the volume of the classroom would be represented by the amount of air in the room.\u00a0 The capacity of a container would be the amount of liquid it could hold.<\/p>\n<p>We use litres to measure liquids and gases such as air.<\/p>\n<p>Here are some ways we use volume measurement in our everyday lives:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>A big plastic milk jug is 4 L.<\/li>\n<li>A juice box that goes in a child&#8217;s lunch is 250 ml.<\/li>\n<li>There is 355 ml of pop in a regular pop can.<\/li>\n<li>Gas tanks can hold about 50 L of gasoline.<\/li>\n<li>The average person has about 3.8 L of blood in his or her body.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Celsius<\/h2>\n<p>Degrees Celsius is the common unit for measuring temperature. The symbol is \u00b0C.<\/p>\n<p>The Celsius temperature scale was determined this way:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>The freezing point of water was set at 0\u00b0C<\/li>\n<li>The boiling point of water was set at 100\u00b0C<\/li>\n<li>The interval between freezing and boiling of water was divided into 100 equal parts known as degrees Celsius<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>(The name Celsius comes from the 18th century Swedish scientist, Anders Celsius.)<\/p>\n<p>We say that temperatures colder than the freezing point of water are &#8220;below zero&#8221; or &#8220;below freezing&#8221; and we put a minus sign in front of the number.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Five and a half degrees below freezing is written \u22125.5\u00b0C<\/li>\n<li>Forty degrees below zero is written \u221240\u00b0C<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-283 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/alfm4\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/421\/2022\/12\/image220.png\" alt=\"A labelled thermometer showing that the boiling point of water is 100\u00b0C, body temperature is 37\u00b0C, room temperature is 20\u00b0C, freezing point of water is 0\u00b0C.\" width=\"348\" height=\"325\" srcset=\"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/alfm4\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/421\/2022\/12\/image220.png 348w, https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/alfm4\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/421\/2022\/12\/image220-300x280.png 300w, https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/alfm4\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/421\/2022\/12\/image220-65x61.png 65w, https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/alfm4\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/421\/2022\/12\/image220-225x210.png 225w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 348px) 100vw, 348px\" \/><\/p>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--exercises\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Exercise 1<\/p>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<p>What are the temperatures on the thermometers pictured on the page?<\/p>\n<ol class=\"twocolumn\" type=\"a\">\n<li><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-285 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/alfm4\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/421\/2022\/12\/image224.png\" alt=\"A thermometer coloured up to 20 degrees C.\" width=\"135\" height=\"327\" srcset=\"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/alfm4\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/421\/2022\/12\/image224.png 135w, https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/alfm4\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/421\/2022\/12\/image224-124x300.png 124w, https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/alfm4\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/421\/2022\/12\/image224-65x157.png 65w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 135px) 100vw, 135px\" \/><\/li>\n<li><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-284 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/alfm4\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/421\/2022\/12\/image223-e1673032466986.png\" alt=\"A thermometer coloured up to negative 5 degrees C.\" width=\"135\" height=\"337\" srcset=\"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/alfm4\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/421\/2022\/12\/image223-e1673032466986.png 135w, https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/alfm4\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/421\/2022\/12\/image223-e1673032466986-120x300.png 120w, https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/alfm4\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/421\/2022\/12\/image223-e1673032466986-65x162.png 65w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 135px) 100vw, 135px\" \/><\/li>\n<li><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-287 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/alfm4\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/421\/2022\/12\/image229-e1673032498566.png\" alt=\"A thermometer coloured up to 100 degrees C.\" width=\"135\" height=\"336\" srcset=\"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/alfm4\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/421\/2022\/12\/image229-e1673032498566.png 135w, https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/alfm4\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/421\/2022\/12\/image229-e1673032498566-121x300.png 121w, https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/alfm4\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/421\/2022\/12\/image229-e1673032498566-65x162.png 65w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 135px) 100vw, 135px\" \/><\/li>\n<li><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-286 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/alfm4\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/421\/2022\/12\/image227-e1673032526411.png\" alt=\"A thermometer coloured up to zero degrees C.\" width=\"135\" height=\"337\" srcset=\"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/alfm4\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/421\/2022\/12\/image227-e1673032526411.png 135w, https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/alfm4\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/421\/2022\/12\/image227-e1673032526411-120x300.png 120w, https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/alfm4\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/421\/2022\/12\/image227-e1673032526411-65x162.png 65w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 135px) 100vw, 135px\" \/><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>Answers to Exercise 1<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol class=\"twocolumn\" type=\"a\">\n<li>20\u00b0C<\/li>\n<li>\u22125\u00b0C<\/li>\n<li>100\u00b0C<\/li>\n<li>0\u00b0C<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<table class=\"grid aligncenter\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 50%;\">\n<caption>Body Temperatures<\/caption>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"width: 25%;\" scope=\"col\">Temperature<\/th>\n<th style=\"width: 75%;\" scope=\"col\">Details<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>37\u00b0C<\/td>\n<td>normal<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>38\u00b0C<\/td>\n<td>slightly feverish<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>39\u00b0C<\/td>\n<td>very feverish<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>40\u00b0C<\/td>\n<td>dangerously high body temperature (equal to 104\u00b0F)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<table class=\"grid aligncenter\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 50%;\">\n<caption>Air Temperatures<\/caption>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"width: 25%;\" scope=\"col\">Temperature<\/th>\n<th style=\"width: 75%;\" scope=\"col\">Details<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>40\u00b0C<\/td>\n<td>too hot \u2013 sit down in the shade and relax!<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>30\u00b0C<\/td>\n<td>very warm summer&#8217;s day<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>20\u00b0C<\/td>\n<td>pleasant temperature for outdoor activities<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>10\u00b0C<\/td>\n<td>quite cool, you need a coat<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>0\u00b0C<\/td>\n<td>water is freezing<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u221210\u00b0C<\/td>\n<td>brisk winter\u2018s day<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u221220\u00b0C<\/td>\n<td>cold, watch for frostbite<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u221230\u00b0C<\/td>\n<td>very cold<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u221240\u00b0C<\/td>\n<td>extremely cold!!!<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--exercises\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Exercise 2<\/p>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<p>Keep track of the morning temperatures each day for a week. Put a thermometer outside your window and fill in the following chart. This is a great activity to do with your kids. The purpose of this activity is to get familiar with reading a thermometer, which is practicing a scientific measurement.<\/p>\n<table class=\"grid\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"width: 12.5%;\" scope=\"col\">Day of week<\/th>\n<th style=\"width: 12.5%;\" scope=\"col\">Sunday<\/th>\n<th style=\"width: 12.5%;\" scope=\"col\">Monday<\/th>\n<th style=\"width: 12.5%;\" scope=\"col\">Tuesday<\/th>\n<th style=\"width: 12.5%;\" scope=\"col\">Wednesday<\/th>\n<th style=\"width: 12.5%;\" scope=\"col\">Thursday<\/th>\n<th style=\"width: 12.5%;\" scope=\"col\">Friday<\/th>\n<th style=\"width: 12.5%;\" scope=\"col\">Saturday<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"width: 12.5%;\" scope=\"row\">Temperature in \u00b0C<\/th>\n<td style=\"width: 12.5%;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 12.5%;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 12.5%;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 12.5%;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 12.5%;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 12.5%;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 12.5%;\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h1>Rules of Style<\/h1>\n<h2>Names of Units<\/h2>\n<p>The name of a unit starts with a lower case (small) letter except at the beginning of a sentence and except for degrees Celsius.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">gram\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0metre\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0litre\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0second<\/p>\n<p>Use only one prefix at a time with a base unit. Do not use a hyphen (-) between the prefix and the base unit.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">kilogram\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0centimetre\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0millilitre<\/p>\n<h2>Symbols<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>With numerals, use the symbols for the metric units, not the full name.\n<ul>\n<li>For example:\n<ul>\n<li>67 <strong>km<\/strong> not 67 <strong>kilometres<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>2.1 <strong>L<\/strong> not 2.1 <strong>litres<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Write the full name of the unit and prefix if no numeral is used.\n<ul>\n<li>For example: Milk is measured in <strong>litres<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Do not use a period after the symbols. A period is only used if the symbol is at the end of a sentence.\n<ul>\n<li>For example:\n<ul>\n<li>Matt drove 457 <strong>km<\/strong> yesterday.<\/li>\n<li>Yesterday, Matt drove 457 <strong>km<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Do not use an &#8220;S&#8221; with the symbols to mean more than one unit.\n<ul>\n<li>For example:\u00a0 Four kilograms is written 4 <strong>kg <\/strong>not 4 <strong>kgs<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Do not start a sentence with a symbol; write out the full name at the beginning of a sentence.\n<ul>\n<li>For example: &#8220;<strong>Kilograms<\/strong> are quite heavy&#8221; not &#8220;<strong>Kg<\/strong> are quite heavy&#8221;.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>If a unit is squared, an exponent is used.\n<ul>\n<li>For example: five square metres is written as <strong>5 m<sup>2<\/sup><\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Numerals<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Leave a space between the last <a class=\"glossary-term\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\" aria-describedby=\"definition\" href=\"#term_474_631\">digit<\/a> of the numeral and the symbol.\n<ul>\n<li>For example:\n<ul>\n<li><strong>45 km<\/strong> not <strong>45km<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>2.5 L<\/strong> not <strong>2.5L<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>An exception is degrees Celsius, which is written as 27\u00b0C with no space.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Use decimal fractions with metric units, not <a class=\"glossary-term\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\" aria-describedby=\"definition\" href=\"#term_474_621\">common fractions<\/a>.\n<ul>\n<li>For example: <strong>10.75<\/strong> km not [latex]10\\frac{3}{4}[\/latex]<strong>\u00a0 <\/strong>km<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>If a number is greater than ten, the preferred SI form is to use numerals, not the written-out number name.\n<ul>\n<li>For example: <strong>15 L<\/strong> not <strong>fifteen litres<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>If you do write the number name instead of using numerals, write the full name of the metric unit also.\n<ul>\n<li>For example: <strong>two kilometres, twenty-five metres<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"glossary\"><span class=\"screen-reader-text\" id=\"definition\">definition<\/span><template id=\"term_474_649\"><div class=\"glossary__definition\" role=\"dialog\" data-id=\"term_474_649\"><div tabindex=\"-1\"><p>The numbers or quantities that are multiplied together to form a given product.  5 \u00d7 2 = 10, so 5 and 2 are factors of 10.<\/p>\n<\/div><button><span aria-hidden=\"true\">&times;<\/span><span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Close definition<\/span><\/button><\/div><\/template><template id=\"term_474_631\"><div class=\"glossary__definition\" role=\"dialog\" data-id=\"term_474_631\"><div tabindex=\"-1\"><p>Any of the ten numerals (0 to 9) are digits. This term comes from our ten fingers which are called digits. The numerals came to be called \"digits\" from the practice of counting on the fingers!<\/p>\n<\/div><button><span aria-hidden=\"true\">&times;<\/span><span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Close definition<\/span><\/button><\/div><\/template><template id=\"term_474_621\"><div class=\"glossary__definition\" role=\"dialog\" data-id=\"term_474_621\"><div tabindex=\"-1\"><p>e.g., \u2154, \u00b3\u2044\u2087 , \u2074\u2079\u2044\u2085\u2080<\/p>\n<\/div><button><span aria-hidden=\"true\">&times;<\/span><span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Close definition<\/span><\/button><\/div><\/template><\/div>","protected":false},"author":123,"menu_order":7,"template":"","meta":{"pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-474","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry"],"part":472,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/alfm4\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/474","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/alfm4\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/alfm4\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/alfm4\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/123"}],"version-history":[{"count":10,"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/alfm4\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/474\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":942,"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/alfm4\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/474\/revisions\/942"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/alfm4\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/472"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/alfm4\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/474\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/alfm4\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=474"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/alfm4\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=474"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/alfm4\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=474"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/alfm4\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=474"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}