{"id":1042,"date":"2021-04-26T16:54:16","date_gmt":"2021-04-26T20:54:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/autocad3d\/chapter\/helix\/"},"modified":"2021-11-04T11:39:43","modified_gmt":"2021-11-04T15:39:43","slug":"helix","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/autocad3d\/chapter\/helix\/","title":{"raw":"Module 23 Helix","rendered":"Module 23 Helix"},"content":{"raw":"
\n

Learning Outcomes<\/p>\n\n<\/header>\n

\n\nWhen you have completed this module, you will be able to:\n
    \n \t
  1. Describe and apply the HELIX command to create solid models of springs, coils, and threads.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

    Helix<\/h1>\nCoils, springs, and threads are constructed by drawing a profile and then using the SWEEP command, sweeping it along a path that is a helix drawn with the HELIX command. See Figure 23-1. The shape of the coil, spring or thread is controlled by the shape of the profile. See Figure 23-2, 23-3 and 23-4.\n\n[caption id=\"attachment_1041\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"182\"]\"\" Figure 23-1
    A Helix[\/caption]\n\n[caption id=\"attachment_1041\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"208\"]\"\" Figure 23-2
    A Coil[\/caption]\n\nThe HELIX command is used to construct a helix. A helix is constructed by specifying one or more setting that consist of the base radius, top radius, height, number of turns, turn height or twist direction.\n\nIf the same value for both the base radius and the top radius is specified, a cylindrical helix is created. If different values are specified for the top radius and the base radius, a conical helix is created. If a height value of zero is specified, a flat 2D spiral is created.\n\n[caption id=\"attachment_1041\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"200\"]\"\" Figure 23-3
    Threads[\/caption]\n\n[caption id=\"attachment_1041\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"300\"]\"\" Figure 23-4
    Rendered Solid Model[\/caption]\n\n
    \n

    AutoCAD Command: HELIX<\/p>\n\n<\/header>\n

    \n\nThe HELIX command is used to create a helix.\n\nShortcut: none\n\n[caption id=\"attachment_982\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"184\"]\"\" Draw Pull-down[\/caption]\n\n[caption id=\"attachment_982\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"300\"]\"\" Modeling Toolbar[\/caption]\n\n[caption id=\"attachment_982\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"283\"]\"\" Home Ribbon[\/caption]\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

    Drafting Lesson: Springs and Threads<\/h1>\nStudy the Figure 23-5, shown below, to learn the terms used when drawing coil, springs and threads. Pitch <\/em><\/span>is an important term that must be understood and is required when drawing a helix using the HELIX command. AutoCAD's HELIX command uses the term turn height <\/em><\/span>for the pitch.\n\n[caption id=\"attachment_1041\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"300\"]\"\" Figure 23-5
    Threads and Spring Shape and Terminology[\/caption]\n\nFigure 23-6 shows four common thread types and their specifications.\n\n[caption id=\"attachment_1041\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"600\"]\"\" Figure 23-6
    Four Common Thread Types[\/caption]\n

    WORK ALONG: Creating Coils<\/h1>\n

    Step 1<\/h2>\nUsing the NEW command, start a new drawing using template: 3D Layout English<\/span>.\n

    Step 2<\/h2>\nSave and name the drawing: AutoCAD 3D Workalong 23-1<\/span>. (Figure Step 2A and 2B)\n\n[caption id=\"attachment_1041\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"300\"]\"\" Figure Step 2A
    Dimensioned Drawing[\/caption]\n\n[caption id=\"attachment_1041\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"208\"]\"\" Figure Step 2B
    Completed Coil[\/caption]\n

    Step 3<\/h2>\nSet layer: Helix<\/span> as the current layer, the current view to SE Isometric, the current UCS to Top, and the current visual style to 3D Wireframe.\n

    Step 4<\/h2>\nEnter the HELIX command, as shown below, to draw the coil shown in Figure Step 2A. (Figure Step 4)\n\nCommand: HELIX<\/strong>\n\nNumber of turns = 3.0000 Twist=CCW\n\nSpecify centre point of base: 0,0,0<\/strong>\n\nSpecify base radius or [Diameter] <0.5000>: @1,0,0<\/strong>\n\n(I used coordinates to ensure that the helix start along the X axis.)<\/em><\/span>\n\nSpecify top radius or [Diameter] <1.0000>: 1<\/strong><\/span>\n\n(Diameter of the coil is 2 inches.)<\/em><\/span>\n\nSpecify helix height or [Axis endpoint\/Turns\/turn Height\/tWist] <4.0000>: H<\/strong>\n\nSpecify distance between turns <1.000>: 0.5<\/strong>\n\n(The pitch is 0.5 inches.)<\/em><\/span>\n\nSpecify helix height or [Axis endpoint\/Turns\/turn Height\/tWist] <4.0000>: T<\/strong>\n\nEnter number of turns <3.0000>: 8<\/strong>\n\n(8 turns means that the coil is 4 inches long.)<\/em><\/span>\n\nCommand:\n\n[caption id=\"attachment_1041\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"151\"]\"\" Figure Step 4[\/caption]\n\n
    AUTHOR'S COMMENTS: <\/strong><\/strong>Like the EXTRUDE command, the HELIX command constructs the helix along the Z direction of the current UCS.<\/div>\n
    AUTHOR'S COMMENTS: <\/strong><\/strong>The radius is 1, the pitch (distance between turns) is 0.5, the number of turns is 8. That creates a coil that is 2 inches in diameter and 4 inches long.<\/div>\n

    Step 5<\/h2>\nChange the current UCS to Front and set layer: Profile<\/span> as the current layer. Draw a 0.25 diameter circle with its centre located at the end of the helix. (Figure Step 5)\n\n[caption id=\"attachment_1041\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"148\"]\"\" Figure Step 5[\/caption]\n

    Step 6<\/h2>\nSet layer: Solid 8<\/span> as the current layer.\n

    Step 7<\/h2>\nUsing what you learned in Module 22, create the coil by entering the SWEEP command. Select the circle as the profile and the helix as the path. (Figure Step 7)\n\n[caption id=\"attachment_1041\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"148\"]\"\" Figure Step 7[\/caption]\n

    Step 8<\/h2>\nTurn layers: Helix<\/span> and Profile<\/span> off. Set the current visual style to Realistic. Your completed 3D solid coil should appear as shown in the figure. (Figure Step 8)\n\n[caption id=\"attachment_1041\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"159\"]\"\" Figure Step 8[\/caption]\n

    Step 9<\/h2>\nSave and close the drawing.\n

    WORK ALONG: Creating Square Threads<\/h1>\n

    Step 1<\/h2>\nUsing the NEW command, start a new drawing using template: 3D Layout English<\/span>.\n

    Step 2<\/h2>\nSave and name the drawing: AutoCAD 3D Workalong 23-2<\/span>. (Figure Step 2A and 2B)\n\n[caption id=\"attachment_1041\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"500\"]\"\" Figure Step 2A
    Dimensioned Multiview Drawing[\/caption]\n\n[caption id=\"attachment_1041\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"300\"]\"\" Figure Step 2B
    Completed Solid Model - SE Isometric View[\/caption]\n

    Step 3<\/h2>\nSet layer: Pline<\/span> as the current layer, the current UCS to Right, the current view to SE Isometric, and the current visual style to 3D Wireframe.\n

    Step 4<\/h2>\nDraw a circle, with a diameter of 1 inch. Locate its centre at 0,0,0. (Figure Step 4)\n\n[caption id=\"attachment_1041\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"75\"]\"\" Figure Step 4[\/caption]\n

    Step 5<\/h2>\nSet layer: Solid 8<\/span> as the current layer and extrude the circle 5 inches in the negative Z direction. (Figure Step 5)\n\n[caption id=\"attachment_1041\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"300\"]\"\" Figure Step 5[\/caption]\n

    Step 6<\/h2>\nChange the layer of the solid, that you created in Step 5, to layer: Solid Off<\/span>. Turn off layers: Solid off<\/span> and Pline<\/span>. Set layer: Helix<\/span> as the current layer.\n

    Step 7<\/h2>\nEnter the HELIX command, as shown below, to draw a helix for the thread. (Figure Step 7)\n\nCommand: HELIX<\/strong>\n\nNumber of turns = 3.0000 Twist=CCW\n\nSpecify centre point of base: 0,0,0<\/strong>\n\nSpecify base radius or [Diameter] <1.0000>: @0,0.5,0<\/strong>\n\n(This starts the helix at the top at the radius of 0.5 inches.)<\/em><\/span>\n\nSpecify top radius or [Diameter] <0.5000>:\n\n(Press Enter)<\/em><\/span>\n\nSpecify helix height or [Axis endpoint\/Turns\/turn Height\/tWist] <1.0000>: T<\/strong>\n\nEnter number of turns <3.0000>: 20<\/strong>\n\n(Since there are 4 turns per inch and the shaft is 5 inches long, there are 20 turns.)<\/em><\/span>\n\nSpecify helix height or [Axis endpoint\/Turns\/turn Height\/tWist] <1.0000>: A<\/strong>\n\nSpecify axis end point: @0,0,-5<\/strong>\n\n(The end of the axis is 5 inches in the negative Z direction.)<\/span><\/em>\n\nCommand:\n\n[caption id=\"attachment_1041\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"300\"]\"\" Figure Step 7[\/caption]\n

    Step 8<\/h2>\nSet layer: Profile<\/span> as the current layer and the current UCS to Front.\n

    Step 9<\/h2>\nUsing the figures as a reference, draw a closed pline starting at the end of the helix. (Figure Step 9A, 9B, and 9C)\n\n[caption id=\"attachment_1041\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"185\"]\"\" Figure Step 9A[\/caption]\n\n[caption id=\"attachment_1041\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"300\"]\"\" Figure Step 9B[\/caption]\n\n[caption id=\"attachment_1041\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"300\"]\"\" Figure Step 9C[\/caption]\n

    Step 10<\/h2>\nSet layer: Solid 8<\/span> as the current layer. Using the SWEEP command, create the square thread by sweeping the profile along the helix. (Figure Step 10)\n\n[caption id=\"attachment_1041\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"300\"]\"\" Figure Step 10[\/caption]\n

    Step 11<\/h2>\nTurn layers: Helix<\/span> and Profile<\/span> off. Change the solid on layer: Solid Off<\/span> to layer: Solid 8<\/span>.\n

    Step 12<\/h2>\nUsing the UNION command, union the two solids to form one solid model. (Figure Step 12)\n\n[caption id=\"attachment_1041\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"300\"]\"\" Figure Step 12[\/caption]\n

    Step 13<\/h2>\nTurn layer: Pline<\/span> on and set it as the current layer.\n

    Step 14<\/h2>\nChange the current UCS to Right. Draw a 2 Inch diameter circle with its centre located at 0,0,0. (Figure Step 14)\n\n[caption id=\"attachment_1041\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"236\"]\"\" Figure Step 14[\/caption]\n

    Step 15<\/h2>\nChange the current view to Front<\/span>. (Figure Step 15)\n\n[caption id=\"attachment_1041\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"300\"]\"\" Figure Step 15[\/caption]\n

    Step 16<\/h2>\nUsing the MOVE command, move the 2 inch diameter circle 0.125 inches in the negative Z direction. Using the SLICE command, as shown below, slice the solid model using the 2 inch diameter circle as the Object to create a plane at the slice location. (Figure Step 16)\n\nCommand: SLICE<\/strong>\n\nSelect objects to slice: 1 found\n\n(Select the solid model.)<\/em><\/span>\n\nSelect objects to slice:\n\n(Press Enter.)<\/em><\/span>\n\nSpecify start point of slicing plane or [planar Object\/Surface\/Zaxis\/View\/XY\/YZ\/ZX\/3points]\n\n<3points>: O<\/strong>\n\nSelect a circle, ellipse, arc, 2D-spline, 2D-polyline to define the slicing plane:\n\n(Select the circle.)<\/em><\/span>\n\nSpecify a point on desired side or [keep Both sides] <Both>:\n\n(Press Enter.)<\/em><\/span>\n\nCommand:\n\n[caption id=\"attachment_1041\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"283\"]\"\" Figure Step 16[\/caption]\n\n
    AUTHOR'S COMMENTS: <\/strong>I find it is easiest to keep both sides when I use the SLICE command. After I slice the model, I delete the side I don't want to keep.<\/div>\n

    Step 17<\/h2>\nDelete the end of the solid that you sliced off. (Figure Step 17)\n\n[caption id=\"attachment_1041\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"273\"]\"\" Figure Step 17[\/caption]\n

    Step 18<\/h2>\nMove the circle 4 inches in the negative Z direction. Using what you learned in the last two steps, slice the solid and delete the portion you sliced off. Set the current view to SE Isometric. (Figure Step 18A, 18B, and 18C)\n\n[caption id=\"attachment_1041\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"500\"]\"\" Figure Step 18A[\/caption]\n\n[caption id=\"attachment_1041\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"400\"]\"\" Figure Step 18B[\/caption]\n\n[caption id=\"attachment_1041\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"300\"]\"\" Figure Step 18C[\/caption]\n

    Step 19<\/h2>\nLocate the UCS at the centre of the end of the solid thread. Draw a 0.75 inch diameter circle locating the centre at 0,0,0. On layer: Solid 8<\/span>, extrude the circle 0.5 inches in the positive Z direction. (Figure Step19)\n\n[caption id=\"attachment_1041\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"200\"]\"\" Figure Step 19[\/caption]\n

    Step 20<\/h2>\nOn layer: Pline<\/span>, draw a 1.5 inch diameter circle locating its centre at the end of the extrusion that you created in Step 19. On layer: Solid 8<\/span>, extrude the circle 1 inch in the positive Z direction. (Figure Step 20A and 20B)\n\n[caption id=\"attachment_1041\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"247\"]\"\" Figure Step 20A[\/caption]\n\n[caption id=\"attachment_1041\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"300\"]\"\" Figure Step 20B[\/caption]\n

    Step 21<\/h2>\nUsing what you just learned, orbit the model, relocate the UCS and extrude a 1 inch diameter circle 0.5 inches in the negative Z direction. (Figure Step 21A, 21B, and 21C)\n\n[caption id=\"attachment_1041\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"400\"]\"\" Figure Step 21A[\/caption]\n\n[caption id=\"attachment_1041\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"238\"]\"\" Figure Step 21B[\/caption]\n\n[caption id=\"attachment_1041\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"246\"]\"\" Figure Step 21C[\/caption]\n

    Step 22<\/h2>\nChamfer the end of the shaft 0.125 inches at 45 degrees. (Figure Step 22)\n\n[caption id=\"attachment_1041\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"280\"]\"\" Figure Step 22[\/caption]\n

    Step 23<\/h2>\nFillet the two edges of the head of the bolt using the radius 0.0625.\n

    Step 24<\/h2>\nChange the current view to SE Isometric. Using the UNION command, union the four solids to create on solid model. Your completed model should appear as shown in the figure. (Figure Step 24)\n\n[caption id=\"attachment_1041\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"400\"]\"\" Figure Step 24[\/caption]\n

    Step 25<\/h2>\nSave and close the drawing.\n

    WORK ALONG: Using the HELIX Command - Part 3<\/h1>\n

    Step 1<\/h2>\nUsing the NEW command, start a new drawing using template: 3D Layout English<\/span>.\n

    Step 2<\/h2>\nSave and name the drawing: AutoCAD 3D Workalong 23-3<\/span>. (Figure Step 2A and 2B)\n\n[caption id=\"attachment_1041\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"462\"]\"\" Figure Step 2A
    Dimensioned Multiview Drawing[\/caption]\n\n[caption id=\"attachment_1041\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"112\"]\"\" Figure Step 2B Completed Solid Model[\/caption]\n

    Step 3<\/h2>\nUsing what you learned in the last workalong and using Figure Step 2A as a reference, draw the solid model on layer: Solid 8<\/span> to match the figure. Ensure that you union the hexagon and cylinder to create one solid model. (Figure Step 3)\n\n[caption id=\"attachment_1041\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"105\"]\"\" Figure Step 3[\/caption]\n

    Step 4<\/h2>\nUsing what you learned in the last workalong, on layer: Helix<\/span>, draw the helix using the figure as a reference. (Figure Step 4A and 4B)\n\n[caption id=\"attachment_1041\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"275\"]\"\" Figure Step 4A
    Thread Details[\/caption]\n\n[caption id=\"attachment_1041\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"159\"]\"\" Figure Step 4B[\/caption]\n

    Step 5<\/h2>\nChange the layer of the solid that you drew in Step 3 to layer: Solid Off. Turn off layers: Solid off<\/span> and Pline<\/span>.\n

    Step 6<\/h2>\nSet layer: Construction<\/span> as the current layer and the current UCS to Front. (Figure Step 6)\n\n[caption id=\"attachment_1041\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"150\"]\"\" Figure Step 6[\/caption]\n

    Step 7<\/h2>\nOn layer: Construction<\/span>, draw the construction lines for the thread profile. (Figure Step 7A and 7B)\n\n[caption id=\"attachment_1041\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"400\"]\"\" Figure Step 7A[\/caption]\n\n[caption id=\"attachment_1041\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"500\"]\"\" Figure Step 7B[\/caption]\n\n
    AUTHOR'S COMMENTS: <\/strong>The end of the centre construction line must be snapped to the end of the helix.<\/div>\n

    Step 8<\/h2>\nOn layer: Profile<\/span>, snapping to the ends of the construction lines, draw the thread profile as a closed pline. (Figure Step 8)\n\n[caption id=\"attachment_1041\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"300\"]\"\" Figure Step 8[\/caption]\n

    Step 9<\/h2>\nTurn layer: Construction<\/span> off. (Figure Step 9A and 9B)\n\n[caption id=\"attachment_1041\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"350\"]\"\" Figure Step 9A[\/caption]\n\n[caption id=\"attachment_1041\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"156\"]\"\" Figure Step 9B[\/caption]\n

    Step 10<\/h2>\nSet layer: Solid 8<\/span> as the current layer and the current UCS to Top.\n

    Step 11<\/h2>\nUsing the SWEEP command, sweep the profile using the helix as a path. (Figure Step 11)\n\n[caption id=\"attachment_1041\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"168\"]\"\" Figure Step 11[\/caption]\n

    Step 12<\/h2>\nTurn layers: Helix<\/span> and Profile<\/span> off. Change the solid from layer: Solid Off<\/span> to layer: Solid 8<\/span>.\n

    Step 13<\/h2>\nUsing the SUBTRACT command, subtract the solid thread, that you created in the SWEEP command, from the solid model to create the bolt. (Figure Step 13)\n\n[caption id=\"attachment_1041\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"194\"]\"\" Figure Step 13[\/caption]\n

    Step 14<\/h2>\nUsing what you learned in the last workalong, on layer: Pline<\/span>, draw 1.5 diameter circle locating its centre at the centre of the bottom of the bolt. (Figure Step 14)\n\n[caption id=\"attachment_1041\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"372\"]\"\" Figure Step 14[\/caption]\n

    Step 15<\/h2>\nSet the current view to Front. Move the circle 0.0625 inches in the positive Z direction. (Figure Step 15)\n\n[caption id=\"attachment_1041\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"200\"]\"\" Figure Step 15[\/caption]\n

    Step 16<\/h2>\nSlice the bolt and delete the end. (Figure Step 16)\n\n[caption id=\"attachment_1041\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"203\"]\"\" Figure Step 16[\/caption]\n

    Step 17<\/h2>\nDraw a circle at the end of the threaded shaft and extrude it 0.0625 inches. (Figure Step 17)\n\n[caption id=\"attachment_1041\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"250\"]\"\" Figure Step 17[\/caption]\n

    Step 18<\/h2>\nUnion the two solids together and chamfer the end of the bolt using the dimensioned drawing as a reference. (Figure Step 18A and 18B)\n\n[caption id=\"attachment_1041\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"300\"]\"\" Figure Step 18A[\/caption]\n\n[caption id=\"attachment_1041\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"210\"]\"\" Figure Step 18B[\/caption]\n

    Step 19<\/h2>\nOn layer: Solid 8<\/span>, anywhere in model space, draw the solid model of the nut to match the figure. Do not draw the hole in the centre. (Figure Step 19A and 19B)\n\n[caption id=\"attachment_1041\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"340\"]\"\" Figure Step 19A
    Dimensioned Multiview Drawing[\/caption]\n\n[caption id=\"attachment_1041\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"193\"]\"\" Figure Step 19B[\/caption]\n

    Step 20<\/h2>\nOn layer: Center Line<\/span>, draw a line on the centerline of the bolt and the nut. The length of the lines is not important. (Figure Step 20)\n\n[caption id=\"attachment_1041\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"364\"]\"\" Figure Step 20[\/caption]\n

    Step 21<\/h2>\nUsing the centerlines to snap to, copy the bolt exactly in the centre of the nut. The vertical location is not important as long as the nut is totally in the threaded area. (Figure Step 21)\n\n[caption id=\"attachment_1041\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"132\"]\"\" Figure Step 21[\/caption]\n

    Step 22<\/h2>\nUsing the SUBTRACT command, Subtract the bolt from the nut to leave the nut threaded. (Figure Step 22)\n\n[caption id=\"attachment_1041\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"381\"]\"\" Figure Step 22[\/caption]\n\n
    AUTHOR'S COMMENTS: <\/strong>This is a little trick I use to easily draw the threads on the inside of the nut.<\/div>\n

    Step 23<\/h2>\nUsing the centerlines, copy the solid models to create an assembly solid model. After you assemble the two parts by snapping to the centerlines, with Ortho enabled, move the nut, by eye, to locate it vertically. Do not union the bolt and nut together. (Figure Step 23A and 23B)\n\n[caption id=\"attachment_1041\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"128\"]\"\" Figure Step 23A[\/caption]\n\n[caption id=\"attachment_1041\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"334\"]\"\" Figure Step 23B[\/caption]\n

    Step 24<\/h2>\nSave and close the drawing.\n

    Key Principles<\/h1>\n
    \n

    Key Principles in Module 23<\/p>\n\n<\/header>\n

    \n
      \n \t
    1. Coils, springs and threads are constructed by drawing a profile and then using the SWEEP command, sweeping it along a path that is a helix drawn with the HELIX command.<\/li>\n \t
    2. A helix is constructed by specifying one or more setting that consist of the base radius, top radius, height, number of turns, turn height or twist direction.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>","rendered":"
      \n
      \n

      Learning Outcomes<\/p>\n<\/header>\n

      \n

      When you have completed this module, you will be able to:<\/p>\n

        \n
      1. Describe and apply the HELIX command to create solid models of springs, coils, and threads.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

        Helix<\/h1>\n

        Coils, springs, and threads are constructed by drawing a profile and then using the SWEEP command, sweeping it along a path that is a helix drawn with the HELIX command. See Figure 23-1. The shape of the coil, spring or thread is controlled by the shape of the profile. See Figure 23-2, 23-3 and 23-4.<\/p>\n

        \"\"
        Figure 23-1
        A Helix<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
        \"\"
        Figure 23-2
        A Coil<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

        The HELIX command is used to construct a helix. A helix is constructed by specifying one or more setting that consist of the base radius, top radius, height, number of turns, turn height or twist direction.<\/p>\n

        If the same value for both the base radius and the top radius is specified, a cylindrical helix is created. If different values are specified for the top radius and the base radius, a conical helix is created. If a height value of zero is specified, a flat 2D spiral is created.<\/p>\n

        \"\"
        Figure 23-3
        Threads<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
        \"\"
        Figure 23-4
        Rendered Solid Model<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
        \n
        \n

        AutoCAD Command: HELIX<\/p>\n<\/header>\n

        \n

        The HELIX command is used to create a helix.<\/p>\n

        Shortcut: none<\/p>\n

        \"\"
        Draw Pull-down<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
        \"\"
        Modeling Toolbar<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
        \"\"
        Home Ribbon<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

        Drafting Lesson: Springs and Threads<\/h1>\n

        Study the Figure 23-5, shown below, to learn the terms used when drawing coil, springs and threads. Pitch <\/em><\/span>is an important term that must be understood and is required when drawing a helix using the HELIX command. AutoCAD’s HELIX command uses the term turn height <\/em><\/span>for the pitch.<\/p>\n

        \"\"
        Figure 23-5
        Threads and Spring Shape and Terminology<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

        Figure 23-6 shows four common thread types and their specifications.<\/p>\n

        \"\"
        Figure 23-6
        Four Common Thread Types<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

        WORK ALONG: Creating Coils<\/h1>\n

        Step 1<\/h2>\n

        Using the NEW command, start a new drawing using template: 3D Layout English<\/span>.<\/p>\n

        Step 2<\/h2>\n

        Save and name the drawing: AutoCAD 3D Workalong 23-1<\/span>. (Figure Step 2A and 2B)<\/p>\n

        \"\"
        Figure Step 2A
        Dimensioned Drawing<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
        \"\"
        Figure Step 2B
        Completed Coil<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

        Step 3<\/h2>\n

        Set layer: Helix<\/span> as the current layer, the current view to SE Isometric, the current UCS to Top, and the current visual style to 3D Wireframe.<\/p>\n

        Step 4<\/h2>\n

        Enter the HELIX command, as shown below, to draw the coil shown in Figure Step 2A. (Figure Step 4)<\/p>\n

        Command: HELIX<\/strong><\/p>\n

        Number of turns = 3.0000 Twist=CCW<\/p>\n

        Specify centre point of base: 0,0,0<\/strong><\/p>\n

        Specify base radius or [Diameter] <0.5000>: @1,0,0<\/strong><\/p>\n

        (I used coordinates to ensure that the helix start along the X axis.)<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

        Specify top radius or [Diameter] <1.0000>: 1<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

        (Diameter of the coil is 2 inches.)<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

        Specify helix height or [Axis endpoint\/Turns\/turn Height\/tWist] <4.0000>: H<\/strong><\/p>\n

        Specify distance between turns <1.000>: 0.5<\/strong><\/p>\n

        (The pitch is 0.5 inches.)<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

        Specify helix height or [Axis endpoint\/Turns\/turn Height\/tWist] <4.0000>: T<\/strong><\/p>\n

        Enter number of turns <3.0000>: 8<\/strong><\/p>\n

        (8 turns means that the coil is 4 inches long.)<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

        Command:<\/p>\n

        \"\"
        Figure Step 4<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
        AUTHOR’S COMMENTS: <\/strong><\/strong>Like the EXTRUDE command, the HELIX command constructs the helix along the Z direction of the current UCS.<\/div>\n
        AUTHOR’S COMMENTS: <\/strong><\/strong>The radius is 1, the pitch (distance between turns) is 0.5, the number of turns is 8. That creates a coil that is 2 inches in diameter and 4 inches long.<\/div>\n

        Step 5<\/h2>\n

        Change the current UCS to Front and set layer: Profile<\/span> as the current layer. Draw a 0.25 diameter circle with its centre located at the end of the helix. (Figure Step 5)<\/p>\n

        \"\"
        Figure Step 5<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

        Step 6<\/h2>\n

        Set layer: Solid 8<\/span> as the current layer.<\/p>\n

        Step 7<\/h2>\n

        Using what you learned in Module 22, create the coil by entering the SWEEP command. Select the circle as the profile and the helix as the path. (Figure Step 7)<\/p>\n

        \"\"
        Figure Step 7<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

        Step 8<\/h2>\n

        Turn layers: Helix<\/span> and Profile<\/span> off. Set the current visual style to Realistic. Your completed 3D solid coil should appear as shown in the figure. (Figure Step 8)<\/p>\n

        \"\"
        Figure Step 8<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

        Step 9<\/h2>\n

        Save and close the drawing.<\/p>\n

        WORK ALONG: Creating Square Threads<\/h1>\n

        Step 1<\/h2>\n

        Using the NEW command, start a new drawing using template: 3D Layout English<\/span>.<\/p>\n

        Step 2<\/h2>\n

        Save and name the drawing: AutoCAD 3D Workalong 23-2<\/span>. (Figure Step 2A and 2B)<\/p>\n

        \"\"
        Figure Step 2A
        Dimensioned Multiview Drawing<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
        \"\"
        Figure Step 2B
        Completed Solid Model – SE Isometric View<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

        Step 3<\/h2>\n

        Set layer: Pline<\/span> as the current layer, the current UCS to Right, the current view to SE Isometric, and the current visual style to 3D Wireframe.<\/p>\n

        Step 4<\/h2>\n

        Draw a circle, with a diameter of 1 inch. Locate its centre at 0,0,0. (Figure Step 4)<\/p>\n

        \"\"
        Figure Step 4<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

        Step 5<\/h2>\n

        Set layer: Solid 8<\/span> as the current layer and extrude the circle 5 inches in the negative Z direction. (Figure Step 5)<\/p>\n

        \"\"
        Figure Step 5<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

        Step 6<\/h2>\n

        Change the layer of the solid, that you created in Step 5, to layer: Solid Off<\/span>. Turn off layers: Solid off<\/span> and Pline<\/span>. Set layer: Helix<\/span> as the current layer.<\/p>\n

        Step 7<\/h2>\n

        Enter the HELIX command, as shown below, to draw a helix for the thread. (Figure Step 7)<\/p>\n

        Command: HELIX<\/strong><\/p>\n

        Number of turns = 3.0000 Twist=CCW<\/p>\n

        Specify centre point of base: 0,0,0<\/strong><\/p>\n

        Specify base radius or [Diameter] <1.0000>: @0,0.5,0<\/strong><\/p>\n

        (This starts the helix at the top at the radius of 0.5 inches.)<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

        Specify top radius or [Diameter] <0.5000>:<\/p>\n

        (Press Enter)<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

        Specify helix height or [Axis endpoint\/Turns\/turn Height\/tWist] <1.0000>: T<\/strong><\/p>\n

        Enter number of turns <3.0000>: 20<\/strong><\/p>\n

        (Since there are 4 turns per inch and the shaft is 5 inches long, there are 20 turns.)<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

        Specify helix height or [Axis endpoint\/Turns\/turn Height\/tWist] <1.0000>: A<\/strong><\/p>\n

        Specify axis end point: @0,0,-5<\/strong><\/p>\n

        (The end of the axis is 5 inches in the negative Z direction.)<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

        Command:<\/p>\n

        \"\"
        Figure Step 7<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

        Step 8<\/h2>\n

        Set layer: Profile<\/span> as the current layer and the current UCS to Front.<\/p>\n

        Step 9<\/h2>\n

        Using the figures as a reference, draw a closed pline starting at the end of the helix. (Figure Step 9A, 9B, and 9C)<\/p>\n

        \"\"
        Figure Step 9A<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
        \"\"
        Figure Step 9B<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
        \"\"
        Figure Step 9C<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

        Step 10<\/h2>\n

        Set layer: Solid 8<\/span> as the current layer. Using the SWEEP command, create the square thread by sweeping the profile along the helix. (Figure Step 10)<\/p>\n

        \"\"
        Figure Step 10<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

        Step 11<\/h2>\n

        Turn layers: Helix<\/span> and Profile<\/span> off. Change the solid on layer: Solid Off<\/span> to layer: Solid 8<\/span>.<\/p>\n

        Step 12<\/h2>\n

        Using the UNION command, union the two solids to form one solid model. (Figure Step 12)<\/p>\n

        \"\"
        Figure Step 12<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

        Step 13<\/h2>\n

        Turn layer: Pline<\/span> on and set it as the current layer.<\/p>\n

        Step 14<\/h2>\n

        Change the current UCS to Right. Draw a 2 Inch diameter circle with its centre located at 0,0,0. (Figure Step 14)<\/p>\n

        \"\"
        Figure Step 14<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

        Step 15<\/h2>\n

        Change the current view to Front<\/span>. (Figure Step 15)<\/p>\n

        \"\"
        Figure Step 15<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

        Step 16<\/h2>\n

        Using the MOVE command, move the 2 inch diameter circle 0.125 inches in the negative Z direction. Using the SLICE command, as shown below, slice the solid model using the 2 inch diameter circle as the Object to create a plane at the slice location. (Figure Step 16)<\/p>\n

        Command: SLICE<\/strong><\/p>\n

        Select objects to slice: 1 found<\/p>\n

        (Select the solid model.)<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

        Select objects to slice:<\/p>\n

        (Press Enter.)<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

        Specify start point of slicing plane or [planar Object\/Surface\/Zaxis\/View\/XY\/YZ\/ZX\/3points]<\/p>\n

        <3points>: O<\/strong><\/p>\n

        Select a circle, ellipse, arc, 2D-spline, 2D-polyline to define the slicing plane:<\/p>\n

        (Select the circle.)<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

        Specify a point on desired side or [keep Both sides] <Both>:<\/p>\n

        (Press Enter.)<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

        Command:<\/p>\n

        \"\"
        Figure Step 16<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
        AUTHOR’S COMMENTS: <\/strong>I find it is easiest to keep both sides when I use the SLICE command. After I slice the model, I delete the side I don’t want to keep.<\/div>\n

        Step 17<\/h2>\n

        Delete the end of the solid that you sliced off. (Figure Step 17)<\/p>\n

        \"\"
        Figure Step 17<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

        Step 18<\/h2>\n

        Move the circle 4 inches in the negative Z direction. Using what you learned in the last two steps, slice the solid and delete the portion you sliced off. Set the current view to SE Isometric. (Figure Step 18A, 18B, and 18C)<\/p>\n

        \"\"
        Figure Step 18A<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
        \"\"
        Figure Step 18B<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
        \"\"
        Figure Step 18C<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

        Step 19<\/h2>\n

        Locate the UCS at the centre of the end of the solid thread. Draw a 0.75 inch diameter circle locating the centre at 0,0,0. On layer: Solid 8<\/span>, extrude the circle 0.5 inches in the positive Z direction. (Figure Step19)<\/p>\n

        \"\"
        Figure Step 19<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

        Step 20<\/h2>\n

        On layer: Pline<\/span>, draw a 1.5 inch diameter circle locating its centre at the end of the extrusion that you created in Step 19. On layer: Solid 8<\/span>, extrude the circle 1 inch in the positive Z direction. (Figure Step 20A and 20B)<\/p>\n

        \"\"
        Figure Step 20A<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
        \"\"
        Figure Step 20B<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

        Step 21<\/h2>\n

        Using what you just learned, orbit the model, relocate the UCS and extrude a 1 inch diameter circle 0.5 inches in the negative Z direction. (Figure Step 21A, 21B, and 21C)<\/p>\n

        \"\"
        Figure Step 21A<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
        \"\"
        Figure Step 21B<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
        \"\"
        Figure Step 21C<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

        Step 22<\/h2>\n

        Chamfer the end of the shaft 0.125 inches at 45 degrees. (Figure Step 22)<\/p>\n

        \"\"
        Figure Step 22<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

        Step 23<\/h2>\n

        Fillet the two edges of the head of the bolt using the radius 0.0625.<\/p>\n

        Step 24<\/h2>\n

        Change the current view to SE Isometric. Using the UNION command, union the four solids to create on solid model. Your completed model should appear as shown in the figure. (Figure Step 24)<\/p>\n

        \"\"
        Figure Step 24<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

        Step 25<\/h2>\n

        Save and close the drawing.<\/p>\n

        WORK ALONG: Using the HELIX Command – Part 3<\/h1>\n

        Step 1<\/h2>\n

        Using the NEW command, start a new drawing using template: 3D Layout English<\/span>.<\/p>\n

        Step 2<\/h2>\n

        Save and name the drawing: AutoCAD 3D Workalong 23-3<\/span>. (Figure Step 2A and 2B)<\/p>\n

        \"\"
        Figure Step 2A
        Dimensioned Multiview Drawing<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
        \"\"
        Figure Step 2B Completed Solid Model<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

        Step 3<\/h2>\n

        Using what you learned in the last workalong and using Figure Step 2A as a reference, draw the solid model on layer: Solid 8<\/span> to match the figure. Ensure that you union the hexagon and cylinder to create one solid model. (Figure Step 3)<\/p>\n

        \"\"
        Figure Step 3<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

        Step 4<\/h2>\n

        Using what you learned in the last workalong, on layer: Helix<\/span>, draw the helix using the figure as a reference. (Figure Step 4A and 4B)<\/p>\n

        \"\"
        Figure Step 4A
        Thread Details<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
        \"\"
        Figure Step 4B<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

        Step 5<\/h2>\n

        Change the layer of the solid that you drew in Step 3 to layer: Solid Off. Turn off layers: Solid off<\/span> and Pline<\/span>.<\/p>\n

        Step 6<\/h2>\n

        Set layer: Construction<\/span> as the current layer and the current UCS to Front. (Figure Step 6)<\/p>\n

        \"\"
        Figure Step 6<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

        Step 7<\/h2>\n

        On layer: Construction<\/span>, draw the construction lines for the thread profile. (Figure Step 7A and 7B)<\/p>\n

        \"\"
        Figure Step 7A<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
        \"\"
        Figure Step 7B<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
        AUTHOR’S COMMENTS: <\/strong>The end of the centre construction line must be snapped to the end of the helix.<\/div>\n

        Step 8<\/h2>\n

        On layer: Profile<\/span>, snapping to the ends of the construction lines, draw the thread profile as a closed pline. (Figure Step 8)<\/p>\n

        \"\"
        Figure Step 8<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

        Step 9<\/h2>\n

        Turn layer: Construction<\/span> off. (Figure Step 9A and 9B)<\/p>\n

        \"\"
        Figure Step 9A<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
        \"\"
        Figure Step 9B<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

        Step 10<\/h2>\n

        Set layer: Solid 8<\/span> as the current layer and the current UCS to Top.<\/p>\n

        Step 11<\/h2>\n

        Using the SWEEP command, sweep the profile using the helix as a path. (Figure Step 11)<\/p>\n

        \"\"
        Figure Step 11<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

        Step 12<\/h2>\n

        Turn layers: Helix<\/span> and Profile<\/span> off. Change the solid from layer: Solid Off<\/span> to layer: Solid 8<\/span>.<\/p>\n

        Step 13<\/h2>\n

        Using the SUBTRACT command, subtract the solid thread, that you created in the SWEEP command, from the solid model to create the bolt. (Figure Step 13)<\/p>\n

        \"\"
        Figure Step 13<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

        Step 14<\/h2>\n

        Using what you learned in the last workalong, on layer: Pline<\/span>, draw 1.5 diameter circle locating its centre at the centre of the bottom of the bolt. (Figure Step 14)<\/p>\n

        \"\"
        Figure Step 14<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

        Step 15<\/h2>\n

        Set the current view to Front. Move the circle 0.0625 inches in the positive Z direction. (Figure Step 15)<\/p>\n

        \"\"
        Figure Step 15<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

        Step 16<\/h2>\n

        Slice the bolt and delete the end. (Figure Step 16)<\/p>\n

        \"\"
        Figure Step 16<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

        Step 17<\/h2>\n

        Draw a circle at the end of the threaded shaft and extrude it 0.0625 inches. (Figure Step 17)<\/p>\n

        \"\"
        Figure Step 17<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

        Step 18<\/h2>\n

        Union the two solids together and chamfer the end of the bolt using the dimensioned drawing as a reference. (Figure Step 18A and 18B)<\/p>\n

        \"\"
        Figure Step 18A<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
        \"\"
        Figure Step 18B<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

        Step 19<\/h2>\n

        On layer: Solid 8<\/span>, anywhere in model space, draw the solid model of the nut to match the figure. Do not draw the hole in the centre. (Figure Step 19A and 19B)<\/p>\n

        \"\"
        Figure Step 19A
        Dimensioned Multiview Drawing<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
        \"\"
        Figure Step 19B<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

        Step 20<\/h2>\n

        On layer: Center Line<\/span>, draw a line on the centerline of the bolt and the nut. The length of the lines is not important. (Figure Step 20)<\/p>\n

        \"\"
        Figure Step 20<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

        Step 21<\/h2>\n

        Using the centerlines to snap to, copy the bolt exactly in the centre of the nut. The vertical location is not important as long as the nut is totally in the threaded area. (Figure Step 21)<\/p>\n

        \"\"
        Figure Step 21<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

        Step 22<\/h2>\n

        Using the SUBTRACT command, Subtract the bolt from the nut to leave the nut threaded. (Figure Step 22)<\/p>\n

        \"\"
        Figure Step 22<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
        AUTHOR’S COMMENTS: <\/strong>This is a little trick I use to easily draw the threads on the inside of the nut.<\/div>\n

        Step 23<\/h2>\n

        Using the centerlines, copy the solid models to create an assembly solid model. After you assemble the two parts by snapping to the centerlines, with Ortho enabled, move the nut, by eye, to locate it vertically. Do not union the bolt and nut together. (Figure Step 23A and 23B)<\/p>\n

        \"\"
        Figure Step 23A<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
        \"\"
        Figure Step 23B<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

        Step 24<\/h2>\n

        Save and close the drawing.<\/p>\n

        Key Principles<\/h1>\n
        \n
        \n

        Key Principles in Module 23<\/p>\n<\/header>\n

        \n
          \n
        1. Coils, springs and threads are constructed by drawing a profile and then using the SWEEP command, sweeping it along a path that is a helix drawn with the HELIX command.<\/li>\n
        2. A helix is constructed by specifying one or more setting that consist of the base radius, top radius, height, number of turns, turn height or twist direction.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":90,"menu_order":2,"template":"","meta":{"pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-1042","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry"],"part":923,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/autocad3d\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/1042","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/autocad3d\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/autocad3d\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/autocad3d\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/90"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/autocad3d\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/1042\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1043,"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/autocad3d\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/1042\/revisions\/1043"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/autocad3d\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/923"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/autocad3d\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/1042\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/autocad3d\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1042"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/autocad3d\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=1042"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/autocad3d\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=1042"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/autocad3d\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=1042"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}