{"id":442,"date":"2021-04-03T16:52:43","date_gmt":"2021-04-03T20:52:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/autocad3d\/chapter\/arraying-and-mirroring-3d-models\/"},"modified":"2021-11-04T11:37:41","modified_gmt":"2021-11-04T15:37:41","slug":"arraying-and-mirroring-3d-models","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/autocad3d\/chapter\/arraying-and-mirroring-3d-models\/","title":{"raw":"Module 9: Arraying and Mirroring 3D Models","rendered":"Module 9: Arraying and Mirroring 3D Models"},"content":{"raw":"
\n

Learning Outcomes<\/p>\n\n<\/header>\n

\n\nWhen you have completed this module, you will be able to:\n
    \n \t
  1. Apply the 3DARRAY and MIRROR3D commands to construct and modify 3D models.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

    Modifying 3D Objects<\/h1>\nWhen constructing 3D models, the only time the 2D commands ARRAY and MIRROR can be used is if all the objects that are selected in the command lie on the 2D plane of the current UCS. To array or mirror objects in 3D space, the corresponding 3D commands must be used.\n

    3D Array<\/h2>\nA 3D array, using the 3DARRAY command, is very similar to a 2D array, using the ARRAY command, that was taught in the AutoCAD 2D book. A rectangular and a polar 3D array can be preformed.\n

    Rectangular Array<\/h2>\nA 2D rectangular array uses rows and columns. In 3D, the third dimension of the array is called a level<\/em><\/span>. Rows are along the Y axis, columns are along the X axis and levels are along the Z axis. Distance between the rows, columns and levels can be positive or negative. See Figure 9-1.\n\n[caption id=\"attachment_441\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"397\"]\"\" Figure 9-1
    3D Rectangular Array[\/caption]\n

    Polar Array<\/h2>\nA 2D polar array only requires a XY point to array around while a 3D polar array, two XYZ points, a line or an axis must be specified to array around. See Figure 9-2.\n\n[caption id=\"attachment_441\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"172\"]\"\" Figure 9-2
    3D Polar array[\/caption]\n

    3D Mirroring\n<\/strong><\/h2>\nA 3D mirror, using the MIRROR3D command, is very similar to a 2D mirror, using the MIRROR command, that was taught in the AutoCAD 2D book. A 2D mirror requires two XY points or a line to mirror around while a 3D mirror requires three XYZ points or a plane to mirror around. See Figure 9-3.\n\n[caption id=\"attachment_441\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"284\"]\"\" Figure 9-3
    3D Mirror[\/caption]\n\n
    \n

    AutoCAD Command: 3DARRAY<\/p>\n\n<\/header>\n

    \n\nThe 3DARRAY command is used to array an object(s) in 3D space.\n\nShortcut: none\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
    \n

    AutoCAD Command: MIRROR3D<\/p>\n\n<\/header>\n

    \n\nThe MIRROR3D command is used to mirror an object(s) in 3D space.\n\nShortcut: none\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

    WORK ALONG: Creating a 3D Rectangular Array<\/h1>\n

    Step 1<\/h2>\nUsing the NEW command, start a new drawing using the template: 3D Layout English<\/span>.\n

    Step 2<\/h2>\nSave and name the drawing: AutoCAD 3D Workalong 09-1<\/span>.\n

    Step 3<\/h2>\nSet layer: Model<\/span> as the current layer.\n

    Step 4<\/h2>\nUsing the figures as a reference, draw the wireframe model. Note the location of the WCS. (Figure Step 4A and 4B)\n\n[caption id=\"attachment_441\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"500\"]\"\" Figure Step 4A
    Right Side View[\/caption]\n\n[caption id=\"attachment_441\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"315\"]\"\" Figure Step 4B
    Wireframe Model[\/caption]\n

    Step 5<\/h2>\nUsing the figures as a reference, draw the circle and then copy it to create a hole through the Front view. (Figure Step 5A, 5B, and 5C)\n\n[caption id=\"attachment_441\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"290\"]\"\" Figure Step 5A
    Hole Detail[\/caption]\n\n[caption id=\"attachment_441\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"349\"]\"\" Figure Step 5B
    Wireframe Model[\/caption]\n\n[caption id=\"attachment_441\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"361\"]\"\" Figure Step 5C
    Solid Model[\/caption]\n\n
    MUST KNOW: <\/strong>When you use the 3DARRAY command, ensure that object snap is disabled as it may affect the array by snapping to an unwanted existing object.<\/div>\n

    Step 6<\/h2>\nStudy the figure. It shows the hole pattern that will be used in the 3D ARRAY command. (Figure step 6)\n\n[caption id=\"attachment_441\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"342\"]\"\" Figure Step 6[\/caption]\n\n
    AUTHOR'S COMMENTS: <\/strong>Before you execute the 3DARRAY command, you must set the UCS to the correct orientation and location. In this case, you will be doing a rectangular array, therefore, you will want the columns to be along the X axis, the rows along the Y axis and the levels along the Z axis.<\/div>\n

    Step 7<\/h2>\nEnsure that Osnap is disabled.\n

    Step 8<\/h2>\nEnsure that the current UCS is set to the Front and enter the 3DARRAY command, as shown below, to array the holes. Your finished drawing should appear as shown. (Figure Step 8A and 8B)\n\n[caption id=\"attachment_441\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"309\"]\"\" Figure Step 8A[\/caption]\n\n[caption id=\"attachment_441\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"324\"]\"\" Figure Step 8B
    Solid Model - Rotated View[\/caption]\n\nCommand: 3DARRAY<\/strong>\n\nSelect objects:\n\nSpecify opposite corner: 2 found\n\n(Select the two circles.)<\/em><\/span>\n\nSelect objects:\n\nEnter the type of array [Rectangular\/Polar] <R>:\n\n(Rectangular array)<\/em><\/span>\n\nEnter the number of rows (---) <1>: 2 <\/strong>\n\nEnter the number of columns (|||) <1>: 11<\/strong>\n\nEnter the number of levels (...) <1>: 2<\/strong>\n\nSpecify the distance between rows (---): -0.75<\/strong>\n\n(In the negative Y direction.)<\/em><\/span>\n\nSpecify the distance between columns (|||): 1<\/strong>\n\n(In the positive X direction.)<\/span><\/em>\n\nSpecify the distance between levels (...): -7.5<\/strong>\n\n(In the negative Z direction.)<\/span><\/em>\n\nCommand:\n

    WORK ALONG: Creating a 3D Polar Array<\/h1>\n

    Step 1<\/h2>\nUsing the NEW command, start a new drawing using the template: 3D Layout English<\/span>.\n

    Step 2<\/h2>\nSave and name the drawing: AutoCAD 3D Workalong 09-2<\/span>.\n

    Step 3<\/h2>\nDraw all model objects on layer: Model and all construction objects on layer: Construction<\/span>. (Figure Step 3A, 3B, and 3C)\n\n \n\n[caption id=\"attachment_441\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"500\"]\"\" Figure Step 3A
    Multiview Drawing - Gear is 0.5 Inches Thick[\/caption]\n\n[caption id=\"attachment_441\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"407\"]\"\" Figure Step 3B
    Detail of Gear Teeth[\/caption]\n\n[caption id=\"attachment_441\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"261\"]\"\" Figure Step 3C
    Solid Model - SE Isometric View[\/caption]\n

    Step 4<\/h2>\nSet the current UCS to Front and change the current view to Front. Draw three circles and a construction line from the centre to the quad as shown in the figure. Take all of the sizes from the multiview drawing. (Figure Step 4)\n\n[caption id=\"attachment_441\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"275\"]\"\" Figure Step 4[\/caption]\n

    Step 5<\/h2>\nUsing the ARRAY command, array the construction line 192 times around. Use the centre of the circle as the basepoint for the array. (Figure Step 5)\n\n[caption id=\"attachment_441\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"280\"]\"\" Figure Step 5[\/caption]\n\n
    AUTHOR'S COMMENTS:<\/strong> Why was the line arrayed 192 times? If you count the gear teeth, you will find there are 32. Count the number of parts (angled lines) one gear tooth requires from the same point on one tooth to the same point on the next tooth. That equals six. Therefore, 6 times 32 equals 192.<\/div>\n

    Step 6<\/h2>\nOn layer: Model<\/span>, draw two gear teeth by drawing lines from the intersection of the lines and the circles. (Figure Step 6)\n\n[caption id=\"attachment_441\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"448\"]\"\" Figure Step 6[\/caption]\n

    Step 7<\/h2>\nTurn layer: Construction<\/span> off and your drawing should appear as shown in the figure. (Figure Step 7)\n\n[caption id=\"attachment_441\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"246\"]\"\" Figure Step 7[\/caption]\n

    Step 8<\/h2>\nTrim the two outer circles to form the repeat pattern of one gear tooth. (Figure Step 8)\n\n[caption id=\"attachment_441\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"361\"]\"\" Figure Step 8[\/caption]\n\n
    AUTHOR'S COMMENTS:<\/strong> An array repeat pattern is the location from a specified location on one tooth to the same location on the next tooth.<\/div>\n

    Step 9<\/h2>\nChange the current view to SE Isometric. (Figure Step 9)\n\n[caption id=\"attachment_441\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"273\"]\"\" Figure Step 9[\/caption]\n

    Step 10<\/h2>\nCopy all objects 0.5 inches in the -Z direction. 0.5 is the thickness of the gear. (Figure Step 10)\n\n[caption id=\"attachment_441\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"299\"]\"\" Figure Step 10[\/caption]\n

    Step 11<\/h2>\nAdd lines to complete the gear tooth. (Figure Step 11)\n\n[caption id=\"attachment_441\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"118\"]\"\" Figure Step 11[\/caption]\n

    Step 12<\/h2>\nEnter the 3DARRAY command, as shown below, to complete the wireframe model of the gear. (Figure Step 12A and 12B)\n\nCommand: 3DARRAY<\/strong>\n\nSelect objects:\n\nSpecify opposite corner: 12 found\n\n(Select the lines that make one gear tooth in a window.)<\/em><\/span>\n\nSelect objects:\n\nEnter the type of array [Rectangular\/Polar] <R>:P<\/strong>\n\n(Polar array.)<\/em><\/span>\n\nEnter the number of items in the array: 32<\/strong>\n\nSpecify the angle to fill (+=ccw, -=cw) <360>:\n\n(Accept the default.)<\/em><\/span>\n\nRotate arrayed objects? [Yes\/No] <Y>:\n\n(Accept the default.)<\/em><\/span>\n\nSpecify centre point of array: (cen) P1<\/strong>\n\nSpecify second point on axis of rotation: (cen) P2<\/strong>\n\n(From centre to centre of the circles defines the endpoints of a line to be used as the axis of the array.)<\/em><\/span>\n\nCommand:\n\n[caption id=\"attachment_441\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"272\"]\"\" Figure Step 12A[\/caption]\n\n[caption id=\"attachment_441\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"187\"]\"\" Figure Step 12B[\/caption]\n

    Step 13<\/h2>\nSave and close the drawing.\n

    WORK ALONG: Creating a 3D Mirror<\/h1>\n

    Step 1<\/h2>\n[caption id=\"attachment_441\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"272\"]\"\" Figure Step 1[\/caption]\n\nOpen the drawing: AutoCAD 3D Workalong 09-1<\/span>. The drawing should appear as shown in the figure. (Figure Step 1)\n

    Step 2<\/h2>\nUsing the SAVEAS command, save the drawing with the name: AutoCAD 3D Workalong 09-3<\/span>.\n

    Step 3<\/h2>\nEnter the MIRROR3D command, as shown below, to mirror the model. (Figure Step 3)\n\nCommand: MIRROR3D<\/strong>\n\nSelect objects:\n\nSpecify opposite corner: 124 found\n\n(Select all object in the model in a window.)<\/em><\/span>\n\nSelect objects:\n\nSpecify first point of mirror plane or [Object\/Last\/Zaxis\/View\/XY\/YZ\/ZX\/3points] <3points>: (end) <\/em>P1<\/strong>\n\nSpecify second point on mirror plane: (end) <\/em>P2 <\/strong>\n\nSpecify third point on mirror plane: (end) <\/em>P3 <\/strong>\n\nDelete source objects? [Yes\/No] <N>:\n\n(Accept the default.)<\/em><\/span>\n\nCommand:\n\n[caption id=\"attachment_441\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"309\"]\"\" Figure Step 3[\/caption]\n\n
    AUTHOR'S COMMENTS:<\/strong> If you join the three points with an imaginary line, they form a plane which is used by the MIRROR3D command to mirror the model around. Figure 9-4 shows the plane.<\/div>\n\n[caption id=\"attachment_441\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"308\"]\"\" Figure 9-4
    Mirror Plane[\/caption]\n

    Step 4<\/h2>\nThe completed mirrored model is shown in the figure. (Figure Step 4A and 4B)\n\n[caption id=\"attachment_441\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"297\"]\"\" Figure Step 4A[\/caption]\n\n[caption id=\"attachment_441\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"300\"]\"\" Figure Step 4B
    Solid Model - SE Isometric View[\/caption]\n

    Step 5<\/h2>\nSave and close the drawing.\n

    Drafting Lesson: Break Lines<\/h1>\nTo simplify or speed up drawing orthographic views of a model, sometimes views are only partially drawn. In these cases, the cut off portion of the view is not required for the reader to visualize or construct the model. See the figures for examples of short and long break lines.\n\n[caption id=\"attachment_441\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"363\"]\"\" Long Break
    (Drawn by Eye)[\/caption]\n\n[caption id=\"attachment_441\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"260\"]\"\" Short Break
    (Drawn by Eye)[\/caption]\n\n[caption id=\"attachment_441\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"465\"]\"\" Example Of Break Lines[\/caption]\n

    Key Principles<\/h1>\n
    \n

    Key Principles in Module 9<\/p>\n\n<\/header>\n

    \n
      \n \t
    1. The third dimension of a 3D array is called a level.<\/li>\n \t
    2. When rotating in 3D, you must rotate around two XYZ points or a line.<\/li>\n \t
    3. When mirroring in 3D, you must mirror around a three XYZ points or a plane.<\/li>\n \t
    4. Always disable object snap when executing a 3D array.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

      Lab Exercise 9-1<\/h1>\nTime allowed: 50 minutes.\n\n\n\n\n
      Drawing Name<\/th>\nTemplate<\/th>\nUnits<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
      AutoCAD 3D Lab 09-1<\/td>\n3D Layout Metric<\/td>\nMillimeters<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

      Step 1<\/h2>\nDraw all construction objects on layer: Construction<\/span>.\n

      Step 2<\/h2>\nDraw all model objects on layer: Model<\/span>.\n

      Step 3<\/h2>\nDraw a wireframe model of the object shown in the figure. (Figure Step 3A and 3B)\n\n[caption id=\"attachment_441\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"216\"]\"\" Figure Step 3A
      SE Isometric View[\/caption]\n\n[caption id=\"attachment_441\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"500\"]\"\" Figure Step 3B
      Dimensioned Multiview Drawing[\/caption]\n

      Step 4<\/h2>\nUsing the figure as a reference, anywhere in model space, draw a wireframe model of one nut and one bolt. (Figure Step 4A and 4B)\n\n[caption id=\"attachment_441\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"500\"]\"\" Figure Step 4A
      Dimensioned Multiview Drawings of Nut and Bolt[\/caption]\n\n[caption id=\"attachment_441\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"306\"]\"\" Figure Step 4B
      Wireframe Models of Nut and Bolt[\/caption]\n\n
      AUTHOR'S COMMENTS: <\/strong>Note how the bolt is drawn with the head down and thread up.<\/div>\n

      Step 5<\/h2>\nMove one bolt and one nut to the bottom outside bolt location as shown in the figure. The bolt comes up from the bottom and nut is on top of the plane. (Figure Step 5A, 5B, 5C, and 5D)\n\n[caption id=\"attachment_441\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"451\"]\"\" Figure Step 5A
      Bolt Pattern - Bottom View[\/caption]\n\n[caption id=\"attachment_441\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"324\"]\"\" Figure Step 5B[\/caption]\n\n[caption id=\"attachment_441\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"225\"]\"\" Figure Step 5C[\/caption]\n\n[caption id=\"attachment_441\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"236\"]\"\" Figure Step 5D[\/caption]\n

      Step 6<\/h2>\nArray the nut and bolt to match the figure. (Figure Step 6)\n\n[caption id=\"attachment_441\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"359\"]\"\" Figure Step 6[\/caption]\n

      Step 7<\/h2>\nMirror the completed model. (Figure Step 7)\n\n[caption id=\"attachment_441\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"453\"]\"\" Figure Step 7[\/caption]\n

      Step 8<\/h2>\nEnter the UNITS command. In the Units dialogue box, set the Insertion Units to Millimeters.\n

      Step 9<\/h2>\nChange the current UCS to World and check the model with the key.\n

      Step 10<\/h2>\nSave and close the drawing.\n

      Lab Exercise 9-2<\/h1>\nTime allowed: 50 minutes.\n\n\n\n\n
      Drawing Name<\/th>\nTemplate<\/th>\nUnits<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
      AutoCAD 3D Lab 09-2<\/td>\n3D Layout English<\/td>\nInches<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

      Step 1<\/h2>\nDraw a wireframe model of the centre octagon and one arm as shown in the figures. Details of the arm are in Figure Step 1D Detail B and Figure Step 1E Detail A. (Figure Step 1A, 1B, 1C, 1D, and 1E)\n\n[caption id=\"attachment_441\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"368\"]\"\" Figure Step 1A[\/caption]\n\n[caption id=\"attachment_441\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"406\"]\"\" Figure Step 1B[\/caption]\n\n[caption id=\"attachment_441\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"365\"]\"\" Figure Step 1C[\/caption]\n\n[caption id=\"attachment_441\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"606\"]\"\" Figure Step 1D Detail B - Dimensioned Multiview Drawing of Arm[\/caption]\n\n \n\n[caption id=\"attachment_441\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"597\"]\"\" Figure Step 1E Detail A - Dimensioned Multiview Drawing of Arm[\/caption]\n

      Step 2<\/h2>\nArray the arm as shown in the figure. (Figure Step 2)\n\n[caption id=\"attachment_441\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"494\"]\"\" Figure Step 2[\/caption]\n

      Step 3<\/h2>\nEnter the UNITS command. In the Units dialogue box, set the Insertion Units to Inches.\n

      Step 4<\/h2>\nChange the current UCS to World and check the model with the key.\n

      Step 5<\/h2>\nSave and close the drawing.\n

      Lab Exercise 9-3<\/h1>\nTime allowed: 50 minutes.\n\n\n\n\n
      Drawing Name<\/th>\nTemplate<\/th>\nUnits<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
      AutoCAD 3D Lab 09-3<\/td>\n3D Layout English<\/td>\nInches<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

      Step 1<\/h2>\nOn layer: Model<\/span>, draw a wireframe model as shown in the figure. See the multiview drawing in Figure 1 Step B. (Figure Step 1A and 1B)\n\n[caption id=\"attachment_441\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"175\"]\"\" Figure Step 1A[\/caption]\n\n[caption id=\"attachment_441\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"500\"]\"\" Figure Step 1B
      Dimensioned Multiview Drawing[\/caption]\n

      Step 2<\/h2>\nMirror the wireframe drawn in Step 1. Erase the extra lines and clean up the model to create one model. (Figure Step 2)\n\n[caption id=\"attachment_441\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"252\"]\"\" Figure Step 1A[\/caption]\n

      Step 3<\/h2>\nEnter the UNITS command. In the Units dialogue box, set the Insertion Units to Inches. Change the current UCS to World and check the model with the key.\n

      Step 4<\/h2>\nTurn layer: Key<\/span> off.\n

      Step 5<\/h2>\nNote the location of the UCS and rotate the model. (Figure Step 5)\n\n[caption id=\"attachment_441\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"341\"]\"\" Figure Step 5[\/caption]\n

      Step 6<\/h2>\nNote the location of the UCS and rotate the model. (Figure Step 6)\n\n[caption id=\"attachment_441\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"240\"]\"\" Figure Step 6[\/caption]\n

      Step 7<\/h2>\nSave and close the drawing.","rendered":"
      \n
      \n

      Learning Outcomes<\/p>\n<\/header>\n

      \n

      When you have completed this module, you will be able to:<\/p>\n

        \n
      1. Apply the 3DARRAY and MIRROR3D commands to construct and modify 3D models.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

        Modifying 3D Objects<\/h1>\n

        When constructing 3D models, the only time the 2D commands ARRAY and MIRROR can be used is if all the objects that are selected in the command lie on the 2D plane of the current UCS. To array or mirror objects in 3D space, the corresponding 3D commands must be used.<\/p>\n

        3D Array<\/h2>\n

        A 3D array, using the 3DARRAY command, is very similar to a 2D array, using the ARRAY command, that was taught in the AutoCAD 2D book. A rectangular and a polar 3D array can be preformed.<\/p>\n

        Rectangular Array<\/h2>\n

        A 2D rectangular array uses rows and columns. In 3D, the third dimension of the array is called a level<\/em><\/span>. Rows are along the Y axis, columns are along the X axis and levels are along the Z axis. Distance between the rows, columns and levels can be positive or negative. See Figure 9-1.<\/p>\n

        \"\"
        Figure 9-1
        3D Rectangular Array<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

        Polar Array<\/h2>\n

        A 2D polar array only requires a XY point to array around while a 3D polar array, two XYZ points, a line or an axis must be specified to array around. See Figure 9-2.<\/p>\n

        \"\"
        Figure 9-2
        3D Polar array<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

        3D Mirroring
        \n<\/strong><\/h2>\n

        A 3D mirror, using the MIRROR3D command, is very similar to a 2D mirror, using the MIRROR command, that was taught in the AutoCAD 2D book. A 2D mirror requires two XY points or a line to mirror around while a 3D mirror requires three XYZ points or a plane to mirror around. See Figure 9-3.<\/p>\n

        \"\"
        Figure 9-3
        3D Mirror<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
        \n
        \n

        AutoCAD Command: 3DARRAY<\/p>\n<\/header>\n

        \n

        The 3DARRAY command is used to array an object(s) in 3D space.<\/p>\n

        Shortcut: none<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

        \n
        \n

        AutoCAD Command: MIRROR3D<\/p>\n<\/header>\n

        \n

        The MIRROR3D command is used to mirror an object(s) in 3D space.<\/p>\n

        Shortcut: none<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

        WORK ALONG: Creating a 3D Rectangular Array<\/h1>\n

        Step 1<\/h2>\n

        Using the NEW command, start a new drawing using the template: 3D Layout English<\/span>.<\/p>\n

        Step 2<\/h2>\n

        Save and name the drawing: AutoCAD 3D Workalong 09-1<\/span>.<\/p>\n

        Step 3<\/h2>\n

        Set layer: Model<\/span> as the current layer.<\/p>\n

        Step 4<\/h2>\n

        Using the figures as a reference, draw the wireframe model. Note the location of the WCS. (Figure Step 4A and 4B)<\/p>\n

        \"\"
        Figure Step 4A
        Right Side View<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
        \"\"
        Figure Step 4B
        Wireframe Model<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

        Step 5<\/h2>\n

        Using the figures as a reference, draw the circle and then copy it to create a hole through the Front view. (Figure Step 5A, 5B, and 5C)<\/p>\n

        \"\"
        Figure Step 5A
        Hole Detail<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
        \"\"
        Figure Step 5B
        Wireframe Model<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
        \"\"
        Figure Step 5C
        Solid Model<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
        MUST KNOW: <\/strong>When you use the 3DARRAY command, ensure that object snap is disabled as it may affect the array by snapping to an unwanted existing object.<\/div>\n

        Step 6<\/h2>\n

        Study the figure. It shows the hole pattern that will be used in the 3D ARRAY command. (Figure step 6)<\/p>\n

        \"\"
        Figure Step 6<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
        AUTHOR’S COMMENTS: <\/strong>Before you execute the 3DARRAY command, you must set the UCS to the correct orientation and location. In this case, you will be doing a rectangular array, therefore, you will want the columns to be along the X axis, the rows along the Y axis and the levels along the Z axis.<\/div>\n

        Step 7<\/h2>\n

        Ensure that Osnap is disabled.<\/p>\n

        Step 8<\/h2>\n

        Ensure that the current UCS is set to the Front and enter the 3DARRAY command, as shown below, to array the holes. Your finished drawing should appear as shown. (Figure Step 8A and 8B)<\/p>\n

        \"\"
        Figure Step 8A<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
        \"\"
        Figure Step 8B
        Solid Model – Rotated View<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

        Command: 3DARRAY<\/strong><\/p>\n

        Select objects:<\/p>\n

        Specify opposite corner: 2 found<\/p>\n

        (Select the two circles.)<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

        Select objects:<\/p>\n

        Enter the type of array [Rectangular\/Polar] <R>:<\/p>\n

        (Rectangular array)<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

        Enter the number of rows (—) <1>: 2 <\/strong><\/p>\n

        Enter the number of columns (|||) <1>: 11<\/strong><\/p>\n

        Enter the number of levels (…) <1>: 2<\/strong><\/p>\n

        Specify the distance between rows (—): -0.75<\/strong><\/p>\n

        (In the negative Y direction.)<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

        Specify the distance between columns (|||): 1<\/strong><\/p>\n

        (In the positive X direction.)<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

        Specify the distance between levels (…): -7.5<\/strong><\/p>\n

        (In the negative Z direction.)<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

        Command:<\/p>\n

        WORK ALONG: Creating a 3D Polar Array<\/h1>\n

        Step 1<\/h2>\n

        Using the NEW command, start a new drawing using the template: 3D Layout English<\/span>.<\/p>\n

        Step 2<\/h2>\n

        Save and name the drawing: AutoCAD 3D Workalong 09-2<\/span>.<\/p>\n

        Step 3<\/h2>\n

        Draw all model objects on layer: Model and all construction objects on layer: Construction<\/span>. (Figure Step 3A, 3B, and 3C)<\/p>\n

         <\/p>\n

        \"\"
        Figure Step 3A
        Multiview Drawing – Gear is 0.5 Inches Thick<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
        \"\"
        Figure Step 3B
        Detail of Gear Teeth<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
        \"\"
        Figure Step 3C
        Solid Model – SE Isometric View<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

        Step 4<\/h2>\n

        Set the current UCS to Front and change the current view to Front. Draw three circles and a construction line from the centre to the quad as shown in the figure. Take all of the sizes from the multiview drawing. (Figure Step 4)<\/p>\n

        \"\"
        Figure Step 4<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

        Step 5<\/h2>\n

        Using the ARRAY command, array the construction line 192 times around. Use the centre of the circle as the basepoint for the array. (Figure Step 5)<\/p>\n

        \"\"
        Figure Step 5<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
        AUTHOR’S COMMENTS:<\/strong> Why was the line arrayed 192 times? If you count the gear teeth, you will find there are 32. Count the number of parts (angled lines) one gear tooth requires from the same point on one tooth to the same point on the next tooth. That equals six. Therefore, 6 times 32 equals 192.<\/div>\n

        Step 6<\/h2>\n

        On layer: Model<\/span>, draw two gear teeth by drawing lines from the intersection of the lines and the circles. (Figure Step 6)<\/p>\n

        \"\"
        Figure Step 6<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

        Step 7<\/h2>\n

        Turn layer: Construction<\/span> off and your drawing should appear as shown in the figure. (Figure Step 7)<\/p>\n

        \"\"
        Figure Step 7<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

        Step 8<\/h2>\n

        Trim the two outer circles to form the repeat pattern of one gear tooth. (Figure Step 8)<\/p>\n

        \"\"
        Figure Step 8<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
        AUTHOR’S COMMENTS:<\/strong> An array repeat pattern is the location from a specified location on one tooth to the same location on the next tooth.<\/div>\n

        Step 9<\/h2>\n

        Change the current view to SE Isometric. (Figure Step 9)<\/p>\n

        \"\"
        Figure Step 9<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

        Step 10<\/h2>\n

        Copy all objects 0.5 inches in the -Z direction. 0.5 is the thickness of the gear. (Figure Step 10)<\/p>\n

        \"\"
        Figure Step 10<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

        Step 11<\/h2>\n

        Add lines to complete the gear tooth. (Figure Step 11)<\/p>\n

        \"\"
        Figure Step 11<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

        Step 12<\/h2>\n

        Enter the 3DARRAY command, as shown below, to complete the wireframe model of the gear. (Figure Step 12A and 12B)<\/p>\n

        Command: 3DARRAY<\/strong><\/p>\n

        Select objects:<\/p>\n

        Specify opposite corner: 12 found<\/p>\n

        (Select the lines that make one gear tooth in a window.)<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

        Select objects:<\/p>\n

        Enter the type of array [Rectangular\/Polar] <R>:P<\/strong><\/p>\n

        (Polar array.)<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

        Enter the number of items in the array: 32<\/strong><\/p>\n

        Specify the angle to fill (+=ccw, -=cw) <360>:<\/p>\n

        (Accept the default.)<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

        Rotate arrayed objects? [Yes\/No] <Y>:<\/p>\n

        (Accept the default.)<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

        Specify centre point of array: (cen) P1<\/strong><\/p>\n

        Specify second point on axis of rotation: (cen) P2<\/strong><\/p>\n

        (From centre to centre of the circles defines the endpoints of a line to be used as the axis of the array.)<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

        Command:<\/p>\n

        \"\"
        Figure Step 12A<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
        \"\"
        Figure Step 12B<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

        Step 13<\/h2>\n

        Save and close the drawing.<\/p>\n

        WORK ALONG: Creating a 3D Mirror<\/h1>\n

        Step 1<\/h2>\n
        \"\"
        Figure Step 1<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

        Open the drawing: AutoCAD 3D Workalong 09-1<\/span>. The drawing should appear as shown in the figure. (Figure Step 1)<\/p>\n

        Step 2<\/h2>\n

        Using the SAVEAS command, save the drawing with the name: AutoCAD 3D Workalong 09-3<\/span>.<\/p>\n

        Step 3<\/h2>\n

        Enter the MIRROR3D command, as shown below, to mirror the model. (Figure Step 3)<\/p>\n

        Command: MIRROR3D<\/strong><\/p>\n

        Select objects:<\/p>\n

        Specify opposite corner: 124 found<\/p>\n

        (Select all object in the model in a window.)<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

        Select objects:<\/p>\n

        Specify first point of mirror plane or [Object\/Last\/Zaxis\/View\/XY\/YZ\/ZX\/3points] <3points>: (end) <\/em>P1<\/strong><\/p>\n

        Specify second point on mirror plane: (end) <\/em>P2 <\/strong><\/p>\n

        Specify third point on mirror plane: (end) <\/em>P3 <\/strong><\/p>\n

        Delete source objects? [Yes\/No] <N>:<\/p>\n

        (Accept the default.)<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

        Command:<\/p>\n

        \"\"
        Figure Step 3<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
        AUTHOR’S COMMENTS:<\/strong> If you join the three points with an imaginary line, they form a plane which is used by the MIRROR3D command to mirror the model around. Figure 9-4 shows the plane.<\/div>\n
        \"\"
        Figure 9-4
        Mirror Plane<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

        Step 4<\/h2>\n

        The completed mirrored model is shown in the figure. (Figure Step 4A and 4B)<\/p>\n

        \"\"
        Figure Step 4A<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
        \"\"
        Figure Step 4B
        Solid Model – SE Isometric View<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

        Step 5<\/h2>\n

        Save and close the drawing.<\/p>\n

        Drafting Lesson: Break Lines<\/h1>\n

        To simplify or speed up drawing orthographic views of a model, sometimes views are only partially drawn. In these cases, the cut off portion of the view is not required for the reader to visualize or construct the model. See the figures for examples of short and long break lines.<\/p>\n

        \"\"
        Long Break
        (Drawn by Eye)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
        \"\"
        Short Break
        (Drawn by Eye)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
        \"\"
        Example Of Break Lines<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

        Key Principles<\/h1>\n
        \n
        \n

        Key Principles in Module 9<\/p>\n<\/header>\n

        \n
          \n
        1. The third dimension of a 3D array is called a level.<\/li>\n
        2. When rotating in 3D, you must rotate around two XYZ points or a line.<\/li>\n
        3. When mirroring in 3D, you must mirror around a three XYZ points or a plane.<\/li>\n
        4. Always disable object snap when executing a 3D array.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

          Lab Exercise 9-1<\/h1>\n

          Time allowed: 50 minutes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
          Drawing Name<\/th>\nTemplate<\/th>\nUnits<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
          AutoCAD 3D Lab 09-1<\/td>\n3D Layout Metric<\/td>\nMillimeters<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

          Step 1<\/h2>\n

          Draw all construction objects on layer: Construction<\/span>.<\/p>\n

          Step 2<\/h2>\n

          Draw all model objects on layer: Model<\/span>.<\/p>\n

          Step 3<\/h2>\n

          Draw a wireframe model of the object shown in the figure. (Figure Step 3A and 3B)<\/p>\n

          \"\"
          Figure Step 3A
          SE Isometric View<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
          \"\"
          Figure Step 3B
          Dimensioned Multiview Drawing<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

          Step 4<\/h2>\n

          Using the figure as a reference, anywhere in model space, draw a wireframe model of one nut and one bolt. (Figure Step 4A and 4B)<\/p>\n

          \"\"
          Figure Step 4A
          Dimensioned Multiview Drawings of Nut and Bolt<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
          \"\"
          Figure Step 4B
          Wireframe Models of Nut and Bolt<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
          AUTHOR’S COMMENTS: <\/strong>Note how the bolt is drawn with the head down and thread up.<\/div>\n

          Step 5<\/h2>\n

          Move one bolt and one nut to the bottom outside bolt location as shown in the figure. The bolt comes up from the bottom and nut is on top of the plane. (Figure Step 5A, 5B, 5C, and 5D)<\/p>\n

          \"\"
          Figure Step 5A
          Bolt Pattern – Bottom View<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
          \"\"
          Figure Step 5B<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
          \"\"
          Figure Step 5C<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
          \"\"
          Figure Step 5D<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

          Step 6<\/h2>\n

          Array the nut and bolt to match the figure. (Figure Step 6)<\/p>\n

          \"\"
          Figure Step 6<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

          Step 7<\/h2>\n

          Mirror the completed model. (Figure Step 7)<\/p>\n

          \"\"
          Figure Step 7<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

          Step 8<\/h2>\n

          Enter the UNITS command. In the Units dialogue box, set the Insertion Units to Millimeters.<\/p>\n

          Step 9<\/h2>\n

          Change the current UCS to World and check the model with the key.<\/p>\n

          Step 10<\/h2>\n

          Save and close the drawing.<\/p>\n

          Lab Exercise 9-2<\/h1>\n

          Time allowed: 50 minutes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
          Drawing Name<\/th>\nTemplate<\/th>\nUnits<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
          AutoCAD 3D Lab 09-2<\/td>\n3D Layout English<\/td>\nInches<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

          Step 1<\/h2>\n

          Draw a wireframe model of the centre octagon and one arm as shown in the figures. Details of the arm are in Figure Step 1D Detail B and Figure Step 1E Detail A. (Figure Step 1A, 1B, 1C, 1D, and 1E)<\/p>\n

          \"\"
          Figure Step 1A<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
          \"\"
          Figure Step 1B<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
          \"\"
          Figure Step 1C<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
          \"\"
          Figure Step 1D Detail B – Dimensioned Multiview Drawing of Arm<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

           <\/p>\n

          \"\"
          Figure Step 1E Detail A – Dimensioned Multiview Drawing of Arm<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

          Step 2<\/h2>\n

          Array the arm as shown in the figure. (Figure Step 2)<\/p>\n

          \"\"
          Figure Step 2<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

          Step 3<\/h2>\n

          Enter the UNITS command. In the Units dialogue box, set the Insertion Units to Inches.<\/p>\n

          Step 4<\/h2>\n

          Change the current UCS to World and check the model with the key.<\/p>\n

          Step 5<\/h2>\n

          Save and close the drawing.<\/p>\n

          Lab Exercise 9-3<\/h1>\n

          Time allowed: 50 minutes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
          Drawing Name<\/th>\nTemplate<\/th>\nUnits<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
          AutoCAD 3D Lab 09-3<\/td>\n3D Layout English<\/td>\nInches<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

          Step 1<\/h2>\n

          On layer: Model<\/span>, draw a wireframe model as shown in the figure. See the multiview drawing in Figure 1 Step B. (Figure Step 1A and 1B)<\/p>\n

          \"\"
          Figure Step 1A<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
          \"\"
          Figure Step 1B
          Dimensioned Multiview Drawing<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

          Step 2<\/h2>\n

          Mirror the wireframe drawn in Step 1. Erase the extra lines and clean up the model to create one model. (Figure Step 2)<\/p>\n

          \"\"
          Figure Step 1A<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

          Step 3<\/h2>\n

          Enter the UNITS command. In the Units dialogue box, set the Insertion Units to Inches. Change the current UCS to World and check the model with the key.<\/p>\n

          Step 4<\/h2>\n

          Turn layer: Key<\/span> off.<\/p>\n

          Step 5<\/h2>\n

          Note the location of the UCS and rotate the model. (Figure Step 5)<\/p>\n

          \"\"
          Figure Step 5<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

          Step 6<\/h2>\n

          Note the location of the UCS and rotate the model. (Figure Step 6)<\/p>\n

          \"\"
          Figure Step 6<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

          Step 7<\/h2>\n

          Save and close the drawing.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":90,"menu_order":3,"template":"","meta":{"pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-442","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry"],"part":334,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/autocad3d\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/442","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/autocad3d\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/autocad3d\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/autocad3d\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/90"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/autocad3d\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/442\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":443,"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/autocad3d\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/442\/revisions\/443"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/autocad3d\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/334"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/autocad3d\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/442\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/autocad3d\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=442"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/autocad3d\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=442"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/autocad3d\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=442"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/autocad3d\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=442"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}