{"id":23,"date":"2021-09-29T11:08:04","date_gmt":"2021-09-29T15:08:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/antiracistbookclubhub\/?post_type=chapter&#038;p=23"},"modified":"2022-01-13T17:13:58","modified_gmt":"2022-01-13T22:13:58","slug":"society-and-systems","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/bccantiracistbookclubhub\/chapter\/society-and-systems\/","title":{"raw":"Act 2: Society and Systems","rendered":"Act 2: Society and Systems"},"content":{"raw":"<h1>Synthesis of Key Themes<\/h1>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>There are no race-neutral or non-racist policies. Every policy promotes either inequity or equity within an institution, community, or nation (Chapter 1).<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Institutional, structural, and systemic racism are synonyms \u2013 one reinforces the other (Chapter 1).<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Focusing on discriminatory \u201cevents\u201d is a distraction from the central agents of racism: racist power policymakers (Chapter 1).<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Discriminatory policies that create equitable outcomes are anti-racist policies (Chapter 1).<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Race-neutral policies merely impede the advancement of non-Whites toward equity (Chapter 1).<\/li>\r\n \t<li>\u201cRacism is a powerful collection of racist policies that lead to racial\u00a0inequity\u00a0and are substantiated by racist ideas. Antiracism is a powerful collection of antiracist\u00a0policies\u00a0that lead to racial equity and are substantiated by antiracist ideas\u201d (Chapter 1, p. 20).<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Business-as-usual climate policies are a form of environmental racism, as seen in the vulnerability experienced by the non-White Global South being disproportionately impacted by the anthropogenic (human-induced) activity in the White Global North (Chapter 1).<\/li>\r\n \t<li>It is easier to personalize racist acts as deficiencies in people rather than identifying the impact of policies and systems (Chapter 2).<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Cultural assimilation is a racist policy as it suggests that the dominant way of living is a benchmark based on a racial hierarchy (Chapter 3).<\/li>\r\n \t<li>To achieve anti-racism or a post-race world, we must first acknowledge categorizations \u2014 Latinx, Asian, African, Europeans, Indigenous, or Middle Eastern \u2014 as these six \u201craces\u201d constitute power identities, and race is a power construct (Chapter 3).<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Race creates new forms of power; it frames how you judge, evaluate, exclude, and include other racial groups as monolithic (Chapter 3).<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Racializing ethnic groups serves the core mandate of race, which is to create \u201chierarchies of value\u201d (Chapter 5, p. 62).<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Social and cultural norms and standards dictate the hierarchy of what is acceptable, which leads to cultural racism (Chapter 7, p. 83).<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Colourism supports and promotes that superiority is attached to the lighter pigment and complexion of an individual. Thus, it attributes good behaviour to something that is closest to the White body (Chapter 8).<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Conceptions of beauty need to be liberated to encompass a diverse range of expressions (Chapter 8).<\/li>\r\n \t<li>White supremacy is a code of anti-human sentiment that is also an existential threat to human existence (Chapter 10).<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Black people can also be racist because there is also power represented in Black communities. It is directly connected to an individual\u2019s power to resist (Chapter 11).<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Generalizations made at the intersections of race, class, and behaviour lead to class racism, which creates elitist policies that are often targeted at specific racial groups, justifying them by racist ideas and stereotypes about the given group (Chapter 11).<\/li>\r\n \t<li>We must consider racism at the intersection of capitalism \u2013 a problem that is really a function of economic exploitation and the problem of war (Chapter 11).<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Capitalism and racism are conjoined twins \u2013 neither lives in historical or material reality (Chapter 11).<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Power has racialized both people and spaces: (a) the ghetto, (b) the inner city, and (c) the \u201cThird World,\u201d all occupied by a racial majority (Chapter 13).<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Space racism justifies resource inequity. White spaces are seen as desirable; non-White spaces are less desirable (Chapter 13).<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h1>Discussion Points<\/h1>\r\n<div class=\"textbox shaded\">\r\n\r\nThe following are some suggested themes and topics to be explored during this Act. Depending on your own frame of reference and the direction you hope to take, it may be helpful to do some preliminary research. Our suggestion is that you approach these themes in a variety of ways, including small-group discussions, sharing circles, visual prompts, brainstorming activities, and annotations.\r\n\r\n<strong>*Although you may be looking to offer contextual and factual information, prioritize establishing a collective understanding of your theme, and use this as a building block for further discussion and exploration with the group.<\/strong>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Race as a Concept\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Race Origins<\/li>\r\n \t<li>The White Mans Burden<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Definitions\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Racist vs. Anti-Racist<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Space<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Class<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Biological<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Contexts\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Racist, Assimilationist, Segregationist, Anti-Racist<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Case Studies from Around the Globe<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Securitization<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Canadian Time Line of Acts and Events<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Critical Race Theory\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Micro-Aggressions<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Conjoined Twins\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Capitalism and Business as Usual<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Space(s)<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Who Speaks for the Environment?<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Intersectional Urbanism<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2 class=\"page-break-before\">Racist, Assimilationist, Segregationist, Antiracist<\/h2>\r\n<div class=\"textbox shaded\">\r\n\r\nDownload the <a class=\"external\" href=\"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/bccantiracistbookclubhub\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/365\/2021\/09\/Racist-AssimilationistSegregationist-Antiracist.pdf\">Racist, Assimilationist, Segregationist, Antiracist [PDF]<\/a>.\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/bccantiracistbookclubhub\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/365\/2021\/09\/Racist-AssimilationistSegregationist-Antiracist-1.png\"><img class=\"aligncenter wp-image-206\" src=\"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/bccantiracistbookclubhub\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/365\/2021\/09\/Racist-AssimilationistSegregationist-Antiracist-1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"338\" \/><\/a>\r\n\r\nRacist, Assimilationist, Segregationist, Antiracist (Kendi, 2019, p.24).\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Racist: Supporting a racist policy through their actions or inaction or expressing a racist idea.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Assimilationist: Expressing the idea that a racial group is culturally or behaviourally inferior and is supporting cultural\/behavioural enrichment programs to develop the group.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Segregationist: Expressing the idea that a permanently inferior racial group can never be developed and supporting policy that segregates that group.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Antiracist: Expressing the idea that racial groups are equals and none needs developing and is supporting policy that reproduce racial inequity.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<h2 class=\"page-break-before\">Contexts<\/h2>\r\n<div class=\"textbox shaded\">\r\n\r\nDownload <a class=\"external\" href=\"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/bccantiracistbookclubhub\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/365\/2021\/09\/Contexts.pdf\">Contexts_Racist, Assimilationist, Segregationist, Antiracist [PDF]<\/a>.\r\n<h3>Context i<\/h3>\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/bccantiracistbookclubhub\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/365\/2021\/09\/Slide1.png\"><img class=\"aligncenter wp-image-286\" src=\"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/bccantiracistbookclubhub\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/365\/2021\/09\/Slide1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" \/><\/a>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Caste system separates Dalits (Untouchables) from others in society <strong>(India)\u00a0<\/strong><\/li>\r\n \t<li>Apartheid limits the rights and mobility of Blacks<strong> (South Africa)\u00a0<\/strong><\/li>\r\n \t<li>Ku Klux Klan members lynch freed slaves<strong> (United States)<\/strong><\/li>\r\n \t<li>Residential schools\u2019 mandate of \u201cKill the Indian in him and save the man\u201d amounts to cultural genocide <strong>(Canada)<\/strong><\/li>\r\n \t<li>Nazi state-sponsored persecution of Jews leads to the Holocaust <strong>(Germany)<\/strong><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h3>Context ii<\/h3>\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/bccantiracistbookclubhub\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/365\/2021\/09\/Slide2.png\"><img class=\"aligncenter wp-image-287\" src=\"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/bccantiracistbookclubhub\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/365\/2021\/09\/Slide2.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" \/><\/a>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Anti-Asian hate crimes increase over COVID-19 <strong>(Global)<\/strong><\/li>\r\n \t<li>Blanquemiento practices look to mejorar la raza <strong>(Latin America)<\/strong><\/li>\r\n \t<li>\"Stop and frisk\" policy by NYC police officers targets Black and Latinx New Yorkers <strong>(United States)<\/strong><\/li>\r\n \t<li>Trump's travel ban restricts travel for citizens of Iran, Iraq, Libya, Somalia, Sudan, Syria, and Yemen <strong>(United States)<\/strong><\/li>\r\n \t<li>Halifax Regional Municipality refuses provision of\u00a0amenities\u00a0to\u00a0residents\u00a0in Africville, eventually demolishing\u00a0it and displacing its residents\u00a0<strong>(Canada)<\/strong><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<h1>Reflective Questions<\/h1>\r\n<h2>[pb_glossary id=\"131\"]To Know[\/pb_glossary]<\/h2>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Reflecting on intersectional urbanism, what are some of the elements of space, class, and biology that you see and experience in your immediate environment?<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Thinking of your own urban or rural spaces, what stereotypes are associated with the areas that carry a negative stigma in your town or city? How has this impacted your perception, comfort, and frequenting of this space?<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2>[pb_glossary id=\"132\"]To Be[\/pb_glossary]<\/h2>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>What are some current societal structures, policies, pedagogies, or frameworks that suggest an <em>improvement<\/em> but have instead had a direct negative impact on a racial or ethnic group\u2019s experience in Canada or around the world?<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Do these policies reflect an assimilationist or segregationist approach? What could these approaches look like with an anti-racist approach?<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2>[pb_glossary id=\"133\"]To Do[\/pb_glossary]<\/h2>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Think of your relationship with policy as a decision maker or part of the electorate. Reflecting on your own context and individual privilege (economic, relational, spatial etc.), what actions can you take to amplify Indigenous and racialized narratives and advocate for their concerns to be reflected in policy?<\/li>\r\n \t<li>What are some takeaways from this Act that you can use to design and facilitate ethical spaces that embrace this type of local or global advocacy?<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--key-takeaways\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Check-In: Feeling, Orientation, Inspiration (FOI)<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Discuss one <strong>feeling<\/strong> that has surfaced for you during this Act.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Reflect on one new <strong>orientation<\/strong> you\u2019ve gained from this Act.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Collectively brainstorm steps or actions that this Act has <strong>inspired<\/strong> you to take.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<h1>Activity<\/h1>\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--exercises\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Suggested Activity \u2013 Society Mapping Exercise<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n\r\nUsing <a class=\"external\" href=\"https:\/\/www.mindmeister.com\/\">MindMeister<\/a> or <a class=\"external\" href=\"https:\/\/www.lucidchart.com\/pages\/\">Lucidchart<\/a>, select one of the following themes and place it in the centre of your page.\r\n<ol>\r\n \t<li>With this theme, create a map of the relationships you see between the opportunities and threats that exist for racialized people to access and freely experience it in your area.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Using pluses and minuses, highlight the feedback loops that exist as a result of policies, structures, and relationships.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Place yourself on the map, and consider where you intersect and what opportunities you have to affect change in policy.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Are the current barriers a reflection of racist (assimilationist or segregationist) or anti-racist policies?\r\n<ul class=\"twocolumn\">\r\n \t<li>Education<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Sports<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Fine arts<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Food security<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Housing<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Healthcare<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Environment (natural)<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Government<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\ni.e.\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/bccantiracistbookclubhub\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/365\/2021\/09\/mindmap-e1634255612121.png\"><img class=\"aligncenter wp-image-59 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/bccantiracistbookclubhub\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/365\/2021\/09\/mindmap-e1634255612121.png\" alt=\"A sample mindmap with the theme of &quot;Housing&quot; in the middle.\" width=\"747\" height=\"419\" \/><\/a>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--learning-objectives\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Facilitator Tips<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Remind participants that the objective is not to create an exhaustive depiction that is accurate but rather to locate themselves.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Have participants share their rationale for including positive or negative feedback loops in their diagram.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>This activity can also be done successfully using a flipchart or white paper. Do not let using a new tech tool distract from the content or intent of the activity.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Consider some examples from the White Paper, 1969 (Canada), Jim Crow (United States), apartheid (South Africa), or the caste system (India).<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<h1>Suggested Resources<\/h1>\r\n<h2>Articles<\/h2>\r\n<p class=\"hanging-indent\">Sithole, T. (2016). <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0021934715609913\">The concept of the Black subject in Fanon<\/a>, <em>Journal of Black Studies, 47<\/em>(1), 24\u201340. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0021934715609913.<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"hanging-indent\">Rashid, A.\u00a0 (2021). \u201c<a href=\"http:\/\/theconversation.com\/racism-and-the-americanization-of-canadian-history-why-we-shouldnt-look-at-ourselves-through-a-u-s-lens-159974\">Racism &amp; the Americanization of Canadian history: Why we shouldn\u2019t look at ourselves through a U.S. lens<\/a>, <em>The Conversation<\/em>. http:\/\/theconversation.com\/racism-and-the-americanization-of-canadian-history-why-we-shouldnt-look-at-ourselves-through-a-u-s-lens-159974<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"hanging-indent\">Gray, A. (2019). <a href=\"https:\/\/ssir.org\/articles\/entry\/the_bias_of_professionalism_standards\">The bias of \u2018professionalism\u2019 standards<\/a>, <em>Standford Social Innovation Review.<\/em>\u00a0https:\/\/ssir.org\/articles\/entry\/the_bias_of_professionalism_standards.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h2>Multimedia<\/h2>\r\n<p class=\"hanging-indent\">Deggans, E. (Host). (2020). <em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.npr.org\/2020\/08\/24\/905515398\/not-racist-is-not-enough-putting-in-the-work-to-be-anti-racist\">Not racist\u201d is not enough: Putting in the work to be anti-racist<\/a>. <\/em>[Podcast]. NPR. https:\/\/www.npr.org\/2020\/08\/24\/905515398\/not-racist-is-not-enough-putting-in-the-work-to-be-anti-racist<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"hanging-indent\">Canadaland. (2020).\u00a0<em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.canadaland.com\/podcast\/the-police-2-the-secret-history-of-the-rcmp\/\">The police #2 \u2014 The secret history of the RCMP<\/a><\/em>. [Podcast]. https:\/\/www.canadaland.com\/podcast\/the-police-2-the-secret-history-of-the-rcmp\/<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"hanging-indent\">\u200eWarrior Life. (2020). <em><a href=\"https:\/\/podcasts.apple.com\/ca\/podcast\/desmond-cole-on-anti-black-racism-in-canada-us\/id1434096503?i=1000476463578\">Desmond Cole on anti-Black racism in Canada &amp; US on Apple Podcasts<\/a><\/em>. [Podcast]. https:\/\/podcasts.apple.com\/ca\/podcast\/desmond-cole-on-anti-black-racism-in-canada-us\/id1434096503?i=1000476463578<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"hanging-indent\">The Globe and Mail. (2016). <a href=\"https:\/\/www.theglobeandmail.com\/news\/national\/colour-code-podcast-race-in-canada\/article31494658\/\"><em>Colour code: A podcast about race in Canada<\/em><\/a>. [Podcast]. https:\/\/www.theglobeandmail.com\/news\/national\/colour-code-podcast-race-in-canada\/article31494658\/<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"hanging-indent\">CTV News. (2020). <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=fjsTcw0abhs\"><em>W5: Balarama Holness fights against systemic racism in Canada<\/em><\/a>. [TV show]. https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=fjsTcw0abhs<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"hanging-indent\">Hudson, S. &amp; Loretto, N., (Hosts). (2021). <em><a href=\"https:\/\/sandyandnora.com\/\">Canada\u2019s democratic deficit<\/a>.<\/em> [Podcast*]. https:\/\/sandyandnora.com\/<\/p>\r\n<em>* Sandy and Nora<\/em> is a Canadian political podcast that discusses current events and has great episodes over the last year and a half on Black Lives Matter, White supremacy, and police violence in a Canadian context. See episodes 119, 117, 103, 104, and 99.\r\n<h2>Books<\/h2>\r\n<p class=\"hanging-indent\">Chariandy, D. (2018). <em>I\u2019ve been meaning to tell you: A letter to my daughter.<\/em> McClelland &amp; Stewart.<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"hanging-indent\">Cole, D. (2020). <em>The skin we\u2019re in: A year of Black resistance and power<\/em> (Toronto: Doubleday Canada, 2020).<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"hanging-indent\">Diverlus, R., Hudson, S., &amp; Ware, S. M. (Eds.). (2020). <em>Until we are free : Reflections on Black Lives Matter Canada<\/em>. University of Regina Press.<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"hanging-indent\">Saad, L. F. (2020). <em>Me and white supremacy: Combat racism, change the world, and become a good ancestor.<\/em> Sourcebooks.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h1>Definitions<\/h1>\r\n<table class=\"no-lines\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;\" border=\"0\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 75%;\">\r\n<p style=\"font-size: 2em;\">space (\/sp\u0101s\/)<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">&nbsp;\r\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\">(Kendi, 2019, p. 166)<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 75%;\">\r\n<p style=\"font-size: 2em;\">class (\/klas\/)<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">&nbsp;\r\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\">((Kendi, 2019, p. 151)<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 75%;\">\r\n<p style=\"font-size: 2em;\">bi\u00b7 o\u00b7 log\u00b7 i\u00b7 cal (\/b\u012b-\u0259-\u02c8l\u00e4-ji-k\u0259l\/)<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">&nbsp;\r\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\">(Kendi, 2019, p. 44)<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n&nbsp;","rendered":"<h1>Synthesis of Key Themes<\/h1>\n<ul>\n<li>There are no race-neutral or non-racist policies. Every policy promotes either inequity or equity within an institution, community, or nation (Chapter 1).<\/li>\n<li>Institutional, structural, and systemic racism are synonyms \u2013 one reinforces the other (Chapter 1).<\/li>\n<li>Focusing on discriminatory \u201cevents\u201d is a distraction from the central agents of racism: racist power policymakers (Chapter 1).<\/li>\n<li>Discriminatory policies that create equitable outcomes are anti-racist policies (Chapter 1).<\/li>\n<li>Race-neutral policies merely impede the advancement of non-Whites toward equity (Chapter 1).<\/li>\n<li>\u201cRacism is a powerful collection of racist policies that lead to racial\u00a0inequity\u00a0and are substantiated by racist ideas. Antiracism is a powerful collection of antiracist\u00a0policies\u00a0that lead to racial equity and are substantiated by antiracist ideas\u201d (Chapter 1, p. 20).<\/li>\n<li>Business-as-usual climate policies are a form of environmental racism, as seen in the vulnerability experienced by the non-White Global South being disproportionately impacted by the anthropogenic (human-induced) activity in the White Global North (Chapter 1).<\/li>\n<li>It is easier to personalize racist acts as deficiencies in people rather than identifying the impact of policies and systems (Chapter 2).<\/li>\n<li>Cultural assimilation is a racist policy as it suggests that the dominant way of living is a benchmark based on a racial hierarchy (Chapter 3).<\/li>\n<li>To achieve anti-racism or a post-race world, we must first acknowledge categorizations \u2014 Latinx, Asian, African, Europeans, Indigenous, or Middle Eastern \u2014 as these six \u201craces\u201d constitute power identities, and race is a power construct (Chapter 3).<\/li>\n<li>Race creates new forms of power; it frames how you judge, evaluate, exclude, and include other racial groups as monolithic (Chapter 3).<\/li>\n<li>Racializing ethnic groups serves the core mandate of race, which is to create \u201chierarchies of value\u201d (Chapter 5, p. 62).<\/li>\n<li>Social and cultural norms and standards dictate the hierarchy of what is acceptable, which leads to cultural racism (Chapter 7, p. 83).<\/li>\n<li>Colourism supports and promotes that superiority is attached to the lighter pigment and complexion of an individual. Thus, it attributes good behaviour to something that is closest to the White body (Chapter 8).<\/li>\n<li>Conceptions of beauty need to be liberated to encompass a diverse range of expressions (Chapter 8).<\/li>\n<li>White supremacy is a code of anti-human sentiment that is also an existential threat to human existence (Chapter 10).<\/li>\n<li>Black people can also be racist because there is also power represented in Black communities. It is directly connected to an individual\u2019s power to resist (Chapter 11).<\/li>\n<li>Generalizations made at the intersections of race, class, and behaviour lead to class racism, which creates elitist policies that are often targeted at specific racial groups, justifying them by racist ideas and stereotypes about the given group (Chapter 11).<\/li>\n<li>We must consider racism at the intersection of capitalism \u2013 a problem that is really a function of economic exploitation and the problem of war (Chapter 11).<\/li>\n<li>Capitalism and racism are conjoined twins \u2013 neither lives in historical or material reality (Chapter 11).<\/li>\n<li>Power has racialized both people and spaces: (a) the ghetto, (b) the inner city, and (c) the \u201cThird World,\u201d all occupied by a racial majority (Chapter 13).<\/li>\n<li>Space racism justifies resource inequity. White spaces are seen as desirable; non-White spaces are less desirable (Chapter 13).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h1>Discussion Points<\/h1>\n<div class=\"textbox shaded\">\n<p>The following are some suggested themes and topics to be explored during this Act. Depending on your own frame of reference and the direction you hope to take, it may be helpful to do some preliminary research. Our suggestion is that you approach these themes in a variety of ways, including small-group discussions, sharing circles, visual prompts, brainstorming activities, and annotations.<\/p>\n<p><strong>*Although you may be looking to offer contextual and factual information, prioritize establishing a collective understanding of your theme, and use this as a building block for further discussion and exploration with the group.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<ul>\n<li>Race as a Concept\n<ul>\n<li>Race Origins<\/li>\n<li>The White Mans Burden<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Definitions\n<ul>\n<li>Racist vs. Anti-Racist<\/li>\n<li>Space<\/li>\n<li>Class<\/li>\n<li>Biological<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Contexts\n<ul>\n<li>Racist, Assimilationist, Segregationist, Anti-Racist<\/li>\n<li>Case Studies from Around the Globe<\/li>\n<li>Securitization<\/li>\n<li>Canadian Time Line of Acts and Events<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Critical Race Theory\n<ul>\n<li>Micro-Aggressions<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Conjoined Twins\n<ul>\n<li>Capitalism and Business as Usual<\/li>\n<li>Space(s)<\/li>\n<li>Who Speaks for the Environment?<\/li>\n<li>Intersectional Urbanism<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 class=\"page-break-before\">Racist, Assimilationist, Segregationist, Antiracist<\/h2>\n<div class=\"textbox shaded\">\n<p>Download the <a class=\"external\" href=\"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/bccantiracistbookclubhub\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/365\/2021\/09\/Racist-AssimilationistSegregationist-Antiracist.pdf\">Racist, Assimilationist, Segregationist, Antiracist [PDF]<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/bccantiracistbookclubhub\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/365\/2021\/09\/Racist-AssimilationistSegregationist-Antiracist-1.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-206\" src=\"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/bccantiracistbookclubhub\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/365\/2021\/09\/Racist-AssimilationistSegregationist-Antiracist-1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"338\" srcset=\"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/bccantiracistbookclubhub\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/365\/2021\/09\/Racist-AssimilationistSegregationist-Antiracist-1.png 1280w, https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/bccantiracistbookclubhub\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/365\/2021\/09\/Racist-AssimilationistSegregationist-Antiracist-1-300x169.png 300w, https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/bccantiracistbookclubhub\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/365\/2021\/09\/Racist-AssimilationistSegregationist-Antiracist-1-1024x576.png 1024w, https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/bccantiracistbookclubhub\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/365\/2021\/09\/Racist-AssimilationistSegregationist-Antiracist-1-768x432.png 768w, https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/bccantiracistbookclubhub\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/365\/2021\/09\/Racist-AssimilationistSegregationist-Antiracist-1-65x37.png 65w, https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/bccantiracistbookclubhub\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/365\/2021\/09\/Racist-AssimilationistSegregationist-Antiracist-1-225x127.png 225w, https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/bccantiracistbookclubhub\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/365\/2021\/09\/Racist-AssimilationistSegregationist-Antiracist-1-350x197.png 350w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Racist, Assimilationist, Segregationist, Antiracist (Kendi, 2019, p.24).<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Racist: Supporting a racist policy through their actions or inaction or expressing a racist idea.<\/li>\n<li>Assimilationist: Expressing the idea that a racial group is culturally or behaviourally inferior and is supporting cultural\/behavioural enrichment programs to develop the group.<\/li>\n<li>Segregationist: Expressing the idea that a permanently inferior racial group can never be developed and supporting policy that segregates that group.<\/li>\n<li>Antiracist: Expressing the idea that racial groups are equals and none needs developing and is supporting policy that reproduce racial inequity.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<h2 class=\"page-break-before\">Contexts<\/h2>\n<div class=\"textbox shaded\">\n<p>Download <a class=\"external\" href=\"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/bccantiracistbookclubhub\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/365\/2021\/09\/Contexts.pdf\">Contexts_Racist, Assimilationist, Segregationist, Antiracist [PDF]<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h3>Context i<\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/bccantiracistbookclubhub\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/365\/2021\/09\/Slide1.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-286\" src=\"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/bccantiracistbookclubhub\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/365\/2021\/09\/Slide1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" srcset=\"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/bccantiracistbookclubhub\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/365\/2021\/09\/Slide1.png 1280w, https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/bccantiracistbookclubhub\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/365\/2021\/09\/Slide1-300x169.png 300w, https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/bccantiracistbookclubhub\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/365\/2021\/09\/Slide1-1024x576.png 1024w, https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/bccantiracistbookclubhub\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/365\/2021\/09\/Slide1-768x432.png 768w, https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/bccantiracistbookclubhub\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/365\/2021\/09\/Slide1-65x37.png 65w, https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/bccantiracistbookclubhub\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/365\/2021\/09\/Slide1-225x127.png 225w, https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/bccantiracistbookclubhub\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/365\/2021\/09\/Slide1-350x197.png 350w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Caste system separates Dalits (Untouchables) from others in society <strong>(India)\u00a0<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>Apartheid limits the rights and mobility of Blacks<strong> (South Africa)\u00a0<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>Ku Klux Klan members lynch freed slaves<strong> (United States)<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>Residential schools\u2019 mandate of \u201cKill the Indian in him and save the man\u201d amounts to cultural genocide <strong>(Canada)<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>Nazi state-sponsored persecution of Jews leads to the Holocaust <strong>(Germany)<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Context ii<\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/bccantiracistbookclubhub\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/365\/2021\/09\/Slide2.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-287\" src=\"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/bccantiracistbookclubhub\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/365\/2021\/09\/Slide2.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" srcset=\"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/bccantiracistbookclubhub\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/365\/2021\/09\/Slide2.png 1280w, https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/bccantiracistbookclubhub\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/365\/2021\/09\/Slide2-300x169.png 300w, https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/bccantiracistbookclubhub\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/365\/2021\/09\/Slide2-1024x576.png 1024w, https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/bccantiracistbookclubhub\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/365\/2021\/09\/Slide2-768x432.png 768w, https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/bccantiracistbookclubhub\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/365\/2021\/09\/Slide2-65x37.png 65w, https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/bccantiracistbookclubhub\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/365\/2021\/09\/Slide2-225x127.png 225w, https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/bccantiracistbookclubhub\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/365\/2021\/09\/Slide2-350x197.png 350w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Anti-Asian hate crimes increase over COVID-19 <strong>(Global)<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>Blanquemiento practices look to mejorar la raza <strong>(Latin America)<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>&#8220;Stop and frisk&#8221; policy by NYC police officers targets Black and Latinx New Yorkers <strong>(United States)<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>Trump&#8217;s travel ban restricts travel for citizens of Iran, Iraq, Libya, Somalia, Sudan, Syria, and Yemen <strong>(United States)<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>Halifax Regional Municipality refuses provision of\u00a0amenities\u00a0to\u00a0residents\u00a0in Africville, eventually demolishing\u00a0it and displacing its residents\u00a0<strong>(Canada)<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<h1>Reflective Questions<\/h1>\n<h2><a class=\"glossary-term\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\" aria-describedby=\"definition\" href=\"#term_23_131\">To Know<\/a><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Reflecting on intersectional urbanism, what are some of the elements of space, class, and biology that you see and experience in your immediate environment?<\/li>\n<li>Thinking of your own urban or rural spaces, what stereotypes are associated with the areas that carry a negative stigma in your town or city? How has this impacted your perception, comfort, and frequenting of this space?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><a class=\"glossary-term\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\" aria-describedby=\"definition\" href=\"#term_23_132\">To Be<\/a><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>What are some current societal structures, policies, pedagogies, or frameworks that suggest an <em>improvement<\/em> but have instead had a direct negative impact on a racial or ethnic group\u2019s experience in Canada or around the world?<\/li>\n<li>Do these policies reflect an assimilationist or segregationist approach? What could these approaches look like with an anti-racist approach?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><a class=\"glossary-term\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\" aria-describedby=\"definition\" href=\"#term_23_133\">To Do<\/a><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Think of your relationship with policy as a decision maker or part of the electorate. Reflecting on your own context and individual privilege (economic, relational, spatial etc.), what actions can you take to amplify Indigenous and racialized narratives and advocate for their concerns to be reflected in policy?<\/li>\n<li>What are some takeaways from this Act that you can use to design and facilitate ethical spaces that embrace this type of local or global advocacy?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--key-takeaways\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Check-In: Feeling, Orientation, Inspiration (FOI)<\/p>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<ul>\n<li>Discuss one <strong>feeling<\/strong> that has surfaced for you during this Act.<\/li>\n<li>Reflect on one new <strong>orientation<\/strong> you\u2019ve gained from this Act.<\/li>\n<li>Collectively brainstorm steps or actions that this Act has <strong>inspired<\/strong> you to take.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h1>Activity<\/h1>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--exercises\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Suggested Activity \u2013 Society Mapping Exercise<\/p>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<p>Using <a class=\"external\" href=\"https:\/\/www.mindmeister.com\/\">MindMeister<\/a> or <a class=\"external\" href=\"https:\/\/www.lucidchart.com\/pages\/\">Lucidchart<\/a>, select one of the following themes and place it in the centre of your page.<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>With this theme, create a map of the relationships you see between the opportunities and threats that exist for racialized people to access and freely experience it in your area.<\/li>\n<li>Using pluses and minuses, highlight the feedback loops that exist as a result of policies, structures, and relationships.<\/li>\n<li>Place yourself on the map, and consider where you intersect and what opportunities you have to affect change in policy.<\/li>\n<li>Are the current barriers a reflection of racist (assimilationist or segregationist) or anti-racist policies?\n<ul class=\"twocolumn\">\n<li>Education<\/li>\n<li>Sports<\/li>\n<li>Fine arts<\/li>\n<li>Food security<\/li>\n<li>Housing<\/li>\n<li>Healthcare<\/li>\n<li>Environment (natural)<\/li>\n<li>Government<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>i.e.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/bccantiracistbookclubhub\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/365\/2021\/09\/mindmap-e1634255612121.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-59 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/bccantiracistbookclubhub\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/365\/2021\/09\/mindmap-e1634255612121.png\" alt=\"A sample mindmap with the theme of &quot;Housing&quot; in the middle.\" width=\"747\" height=\"419\" srcset=\"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/bccantiracistbookclubhub\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/365\/2021\/09\/mindmap-e1634255612121.png 747w, https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/bccantiracistbookclubhub\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/365\/2021\/09\/mindmap-e1634255612121-300x168.png 300w, https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/bccantiracistbookclubhub\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/365\/2021\/09\/mindmap-e1634255612121-65x36.png 65w, https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/bccantiracistbookclubhub\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/365\/2021\/09\/mindmap-e1634255612121-225x126.png 225w, https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/bccantiracistbookclubhub\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/365\/2021\/09\/mindmap-e1634255612121-350x196.png 350w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 747px) 100vw, 747px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--learning-objectives\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Facilitator Tips<\/p>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<ul>\n<li>Remind participants that the objective is not to create an exhaustive depiction that is accurate but rather to locate themselves.<\/li>\n<li>Have participants share their rationale for including positive or negative feedback loops in their diagram.<\/li>\n<li>This activity can also be done successfully using a flipchart or white paper. Do not let using a new tech tool distract from the content or intent of the activity.<\/li>\n<li>Consider some examples from the White Paper, 1969 (Canada), Jim Crow (United States), apartheid (South Africa), or the caste system (India).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h1>Suggested Resources<\/h1>\n<h2>Articles<\/h2>\n<p class=\"hanging-indent\">Sithole, T. (2016). <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0021934715609913\">The concept of the Black subject in Fanon<\/a>, <em>Journal of Black Studies, 47<\/em>(1), 24\u201340. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0021934715609913.<\/p>\n<p class=\"hanging-indent\">Rashid, A.\u00a0 (2021). \u201c<a href=\"http:\/\/theconversation.com\/racism-and-the-americanization-of-canadian-history-why-we-shouldnt-look-at-ourselves-through-a-u-s-lens-159974\">Racism &amp; the Americanization of Canadian history: Why we shouldn\u2019t look at ourselves through a U.S. lens<\/a>, <em>The Conversation<\/em>. http:\/\/theconversation.com\/racism-and-the-americanization-of-canadian-history-why-we-shouldnt-look-at-ourselves-through-a-u-s-lens-159974<\/p>\n<p class=\"hanging-indent\">Gray, A. (2019). <a href=\"https:\/\/ssir.org\/articles\/entry\/the_bias_of_professionalism_standards\">The bias of \u2018professionalism\u2019 standards<\/a>, <em>Standford Social Innovation Review.<\/em>\u00a0https:\/\/ssir.org\/articles\/entry\/the_bias_of_professionalism_standards.<\/p>\n<h2>Multimedia<\/h2>\n<p class=\"hanging-indent\">Deggans, E. (Host). (2020). <em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.npr.org\/2020\/08\/24\/905515398\/not-racist-is-not-enough-putting-in-the-work-to-be-anti-racist\">Not racist\u201d is not enough: Putting in the work to be anti-racist<\/a>. <\/em>[Podcast]. NPR. https:\/\/www.npr.org\/2020\/08\/24\/905515398\/not-racist-is-not-enough-putting-in-the-work-to-be-anti-racist<\/p>\n<p class=\"hanging-indent\">Canadaland. (2020).\u00a0<em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.canadaland.com\/podcast\/the-police-2-the-secret-history-of-the-rcmp\/\">The police #2 \u2014 The secret history of the RCMP<\/a><\/em>. [Podcast]. https:\/\/www.canadaland.com\/podcast\/the-police-2-the-secret-history-of-the-rcmp\/<\/p>\n<p class=\"hanging-indent\">\u200eWarrior Life. (2020). <em><a href=\"https:\/\/podcasts.apple.com\/ca\/podcast\/desmond-cole-on-anti-black-racism-in-canada-us\/id1434096503?i=1000476463578\">Desmond Cole on anti-Black racism in Canada &amp; US on Apple Podcasts<\/a><\/em>. [Podcast]. https:\/\/podcasts.apple.com\/ca\/podcast\/desmond-cole-on-anti-black-racism-in-canada-us\/id1434096503?i=1000476463578<\/p>\n<p class=\"hanging-indent\">The Globe and Mail. (2016). <a href=\"https:\/\/www.theglobeandmail.com\/news\/national\/colour-code-podcast-race-in-canada\/article31494658\/\"><em>Colour code: A podcast about race in Canada<\/em><\/a>. [Podcast]. https:\/\/www.theglobeandmail.com\/news\/national\/colour-code-podcast-race-in-canada\/article31494658\/<\/p>\n<p class=\"hanging-indent\">CTV News. (2020). <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=fjsTcw0abhs\"><em>W5: Balarama Holness fights against systemic racism in Canada<\/em><\/a>. [TV show]. https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=fjsTcw0abhs<\/p>\n<p class=\"hanging-indent\">Hudson, S. &amp; Loretto, N., (Hosts). (2021). <em><a href=\"https:\/\/sandyandnora.com\/\">Canada\u2019s democratic deficit<\/a>.<\/em> [Podcast*]. https:\/\/sandyandnora.com\/<\/p>\n<p><em>* Sandy and Nora<\/em> is a Canadian political podcast that discusses current events and has great episodes over the last year and a half on Black Lives Matter, White supremacy, and police violence in a Canadian context. See episodes 119, 117, 103, 104, and 99.<\/p>\n<h2>Books<\/h2>\n<p class=\"hanging-indent\">Chariandy, D. (2018). <em>I\u2019ve been meaning to tell you: A letter to my daughter.<\/em> McClelland &amp; Stewart.<\/p>\n<p class=\"hanging-indent\">Cole, D. (2020). <em>The skin we\u2019re in: A year of Black resistance and power<\/em> (Toronto: Doubleday Canada, 2020).<\/p>\n<p class=\"hanging-indent\">Diverlus, R., Hudson, S., &amp; Ware, S. M. (Eds.). (2020). <em>Until we are free : Reflections on Black Lives Matter Canada<\/em>. University of Regina Press.<\/p>\n<p class=\"hanging-indent\">Saad, L. F. (2020). <em>Me and white supremacy: Combat racism, change the world, and become a good ancestor.<\/em> Sourcebooks.<\/p>\n<h1>Definitions<\/h1>\n<table class=\"no-lines\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 75%;\">\n<p style=\"font-size: 2em;\">space (\/sp\u0101s\/)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\">(Kendi, 2019, p. 166)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 75%;\">\n<p style=\"font-size: 2em;\">class (\/klas\/)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\">((Kendi, 2019, p. 151)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 75%;\">\n<p style=\"font-size: 2em;\">bi\u00b7 o\u00b7 log\u00b7 i\u00b7 cal (\/b\u012b-\u0259-\u02c8l\u00e4-ji-k\u0259l\/)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\">(Kendi, 2019, p. 44)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div class=\"glossary\"><span class=\"screen-reader-text\" id=\"definition\">definition<\/span><template id=\"term_23_131\"><div class=\"glossary__definition\" role=\"dialog\" data-id=\"term_23_131\"><div tabindex=\"-1\"><p><strong>Discuss and describe key content themes.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Unpack and elaborate on the definitions Kendi proposes.<\/p>\n<p>Discuss the intersectional forms of racism that exist and their implications for individual experiences.<\/p>\n<p>Gain a greater understanding of critical race theory, intersectionality, and other frameworks that offer context for the multidimensional nature of racism.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Consider and apply key learnings to various contexts.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Discuss implications of racism both individually and structurally.<\/p>\n<p>Look at what racism means in the Canadian context.<\/p>\n<p>Understand what racism means within global structures and systems.<\/p>\n<p>Connect ideas across multiple contexts, including personal, professional, and pedagogical.<\/p>\n<\/div><button><span aria-hidden=\"true\">&times;<\/span><span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Close definition<\/span><\/button><\/div><\/template><template id=\"term_23_132\"><div class=\"glossary__definition\" role=\"dialog\" data-id=\"term_23_132\"><div tabindex=\"-1\"><p><strong>Recognize and identify personal steps to become an anti-racist.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Gain awareness of individual biases and the impact of our schemas on both our own and others\u2019 experiences with racism.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Engage openly and authentically.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Communicate appropriately for various contexts, audiences, and purposes.<\/p>\n<p>Facilitate and support others to have conversations about racism.<\/p>\n<p>Recognize the importance of humility to anti-racism.<\/p>\n<p>Apply intersectional and transdisciplinary lenses to the multidimensional elements of individual experience.<\/p>\n<\/div><button><span aria-hidden=\"true\">&times;<\/span><span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Close definition<\/span><\/button><\/div><\/template><template id=\"term_23_133\"><div class=\"glossary__definition\" role=\"dialog\" data-id=\"term_23_133\"><div tabindex=\"-1\"><p><strong>Consider and apply key learnings to various contexts.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>This includes self, society, and schools (specifically post-secondary education contexts).<\/p>\n<p>Plan, design, and facilitate a book club, anti-racism task force, or similar equity, diversity, and inclusion undertaking at your institution.<\/p>\n<p>Design and facilitate appropriate interventions that reflect an anti-racist approach and a pedagogy for self, society, and schools.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Apply learned methodology, frameworks, and techniques.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Create brave, safe, ethical spaces that allow for authentic sharing by approaching difficult conversations with generative discourse.<\/p>\n<p>Effectively incorporate Book Club Hub resources, media, technology tools, and approaches to enhance communication and increase participants\u2019 scope and understanding of the topics discussed.<\/p>\n<\/div><button><span aria-hidden=\"true\">&times;<\/span><span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Close definition<\/span><\/button><\/div><\/template><\/div>","protected":false},"author":90,"menu_order":2,"template":"","meta":{"pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-23","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry"],"part":3,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/bccantiracistbookclubhub\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/23","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/bccantiracistbookclubhub\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/bccantiracistbookclubhub\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/bccantiracistbookclubhub\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/90"}],"version-history":[{"count":25,"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/bccantiracistbookclubhub\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/23\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":322,"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/bccantiracistbookclubhub\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/23\/revisions\/322"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/bccantiracistbookclubhub\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/3"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/bccantiracistbookclubhub\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/23\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/bccantiracistbookclubhub\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=23"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/bccantiracistbookclubhub\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=23"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/bccantiracistbookclubhub\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=23"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/bccantiracistbookclubhub\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=23"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}