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Chapter 17. Sensory Systems
Introduction In more advanced animals, the senses are constantly at work, making the animal aware of stimuli—such as light, or sound, or the presence of a chemical substance in the external environment—and monitoring information about the organism’s internal environment. All bilaterally symmetric animals have a sensory system, and the development of any species’ sensory system Read more »
17.5 Vision
Learning Objectives By the end of this section, you will be able to: Explain how electromagnetic waves differs from sound waves Trace the path of light through the eye to the point of the optic nerve Explain tonic activity as it is manifested in photoreceptors in the retina Vision is the ability to detect light Read more »
16.3 The Central Nervous System
Learning Objectives By the end of this section, you will be able to: Identify the spinal cord, cerebral lobes, and other brain areas on a diagram of the brain Describe the basic functions of the spinal cord, cerebral lobes, and other brain areas The central nervous system (CNS) is made up of the brain, a Read more »
15.3 Digestive System Processes
Learning Objectives By the end of this section, you will be able to: Describe the process of digestion Detail the steps involved in digestion and absorption Define elimination Explain the role of both the small and large intestines in absorption Obtaining nutrition and energy from food is a multi-step process. For true animals, the first Read more »
15.4 Digestive System Regulation
Learning Objectives By the end of this section, you will be able to: Discuss the role of neural regulation in digestive processes Explain how hormones regulate digestion The brain is the control center for the sensation of hunger and satiety. The functions of the digestive system are regulated through neural and hormonal responses. Neural Responses Read more »
15.2 Nutrition and Energy Production
Learning Objectives By the end of this section, you will be able to: Explain why an animal’s diet should be balanced and meet the needs of the body Define the primary components of food Describe the essential nutrients required for cellular function that cannot be synthesized by the animal body Explain how energy is produced Read more »
11.6 Nervous System
Learning Objectives By the end of this section, you will be able to: Describe the form and function of a neuron Describe the basic parts and functions of the central nervous system Describe the basic parts and functions of the peripheral nervous system As you read this, your nervous system is performing several functions simultaneously. Read more »