{"id":1497,"date":"2015-03-18T22:37:57","date_gmt":"2015-03-18T22:37:57","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/clinicalskills\/?post_type=chapter&p=1497"},"modified":"2021-06-09T15:14:49","modified_gmt":"2021-06-09T15:14:49","slug":"4-5-complex-dressing-change","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/clinicalskills\/chapter\/4-5-complex-dressing-change\/","title":{"raw":"4.6 Moist to Dry Dressing, and Wound Irrigation and Packing","rendered":"4.6 Moist to Dry Dressing, and Wound Irrigation and Packing"},"content":{"raw":"

Moist to Dry Dressing<\/h2>\r\nA\u00a0moist to dry dressing is a primary dressing that directly touches the wound bed, with\u00a0a secondary dressing that covers\u00a0the primary dressing.\u00a0The type of wound dressing used depends not only on the characteristics of the wound but also on the goal of the wound treatment.\r\n\r\nImportant:<\/strong> Ensure pain is well managed prior to a dressing change to maximize patient comfort.\r\n\r\nChecklist 37 outlines the steps for performing a moist to dry dressing change.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
<\/a>Checklist 37: Moist to Dry Dressing Change<\/caption>\r\n
\r\n
Disclaimer:\u00a0Always review and follow your hospital policy regarding this specific skill.<\/span><\/h5>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
\r\n
Safety considerations:<\/span><\/h5>\r\n
\r\n

Steps<\/h4>\r\n<\/td>\r\n

\r\n

\u00a0Additional Information<\/h4>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n

1. Check present dressing using\u00a0non-sterile gloves.<\/td>\r\nThis provides an opportunity to collect required supplies for the procedure.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
2. Perform hand hygiene<\/a>.<\/td>\r\nHand hygiene reduces the risk of infection.\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_5083\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"150\"]\"Perform<\/a> Perform hand hygiene[\/caption]<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
3. Gather necessary equipment and supplies.<\/td>\r\nBeing organized will help with efficiency and expedite the procedure, minimizing the length of time the patient experiences discomfort.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
4. Prepare environment, position patient, adjust height of bed, turn on lights.<\/td>\r\nThis helps prepare patient and bedside for procedure.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
5. Perform hand hygiene<\/a>.<\/td>\r\nHand hygiene reduces the risk of infection.\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_5972\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"150\"]\"Hand<\/a> Hand hygiene with ABHR[\/caption]<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
6. Prepare sterile field.<\/td>\r\n\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_4753\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"150\"]\"Sterile<\/a> Sterile field[\/caption]<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
7. Add necessary sterile supplies.<\/td>\r\n\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_4757\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"150\"]\"Adding<\/a> Add supplies[\/caption]<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
8. Pour cleansing solution.<\/td>\r\n\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_4749\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"150\"]\"Pouring<\/a> Pour cleansing solution[\/caption]<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
9. Expose dressed wound.<\/td>\r\nInspect wound\u00a0for the amount of drainage, odours, and type of drainage.\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_5881\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"150\"]\"Inspect<\/a> Inspect the wound[\/caption]<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
10. Apply non-sterile gloves.<\/td>\r\nThis reduces the risk of contaminating your\u00a0hands with the patient's blood and other body fluids.\r\n\r\nIt also\u00a0reduces the risk of germ dissemination to the environment and of germ transmission from you to the patient and vice versa, as well as from one patient to another.\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_5561\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"150\"]\"Apply<\/a> Apply non-sterile gloves[\/caption]<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
11. Remove outer dressing with non-sterile gloves.<\/td>\r\n\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_4701\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"150\"]\"Removing<\/a> Remove outer dressing with non-sterile gloves[\/caption]<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
12. Remove inner dressing with transfer forceps.<\/td>\r\n\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_5875\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"150\"]\"Remove<\/a> Remove inner dressing with forceps[\/caption]<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
13. Discard transfer forceps and non-sterile gloves.<\/td>\r\n\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_5878\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"150\"]\"Discard<\/a> Discard transfer forceps<\/span>[\/caption]<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
14. Drape patient with underpad (optional).<\/td>\r\n\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_5881\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"150\"]\"Drape<\/a> Drape patient with underpad<\/span>[\/caption]<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
15. Apply non-sterile gloves (optional).<\/td>\r\nThis reduces the risk of infection.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
16. Place sterile or non-woven gauze in container of prescribed solution, and wring out excess solution.<\/td>\r\nUse enough prescribed solution to saturate gauze. Excess solution has the potential to contaminate surrounding areas.\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_6216\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"150\"]\"Saturate<\/a> Saturate gauze[\/caption]<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
17. Apply moist gauze as a single layer onto wound surface, pack\u00a0gauze into wound if necessary, and ensure gauze does\u00a0not touch\u00a0skin around the wound.<\/td>\r\nApply skin preparation as per agency protocol, if required.\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_4707\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"150\"]\"Apply<\/a> Apply moist gauze[\/caption]<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
18. Cleanse around drain (if present).<\/td>\r\nDrain is cleansed using circular strokes starting near the drain and moving outward and away from the insertion site.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
19. Apply dry layer of sterile gauze over moist gauze using sterile technique.<\/td>\r\nThis covers moist gauze and preserves moistness.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
20. Apply drain sponges\/cut gauze to drain site if present.<\/td>\r\n\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_6727\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"150\"]\"Apply<\/a> Apply drain sponges\/cut gauze to drain site if present[\/caption]<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
21. Cover with ABD (abdominal) pad or\u00a0gauze, and fasten with tape.<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
22. Discard non-sterile gloves according to agency policy and perform hand hygiene<\/a>.<\/td>\r\nHand hygiene reduces the risk of infection.\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_5945\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"150\"]\"Book<\/a> Discard gloves[\/caption]<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
23. Next:\r\n
    \r\n \t
  • Assist patient to comfortable position<\/li>\r\n \t
  • Lower patient\u2019s bed<\/li>\r\n \t
  • Discard used equipment appropriately<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/td>\r\n
These steps ensure the patient's continued safety.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
24. Document procedure and\u00a0findings according to agency policy.\r\n\r\nReport any unusual findings or concerns to the appropriate health care professional.<\/td>\r\nRecord dressing change:\u00a0time, place of wound, wound characteristics, presence of staples or sutures, size, drainage type and amount, type of cleansing solution and dressing applied.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Data source:\u00a0Perry et al., 2014;\u00a0WHO, 2009<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n

Wound Irrigation and Packing<\/h2>\r\nWound irrigation and packing refer to\u00a0the application of fluid to a wound to remove exudate, slough, necrotic debris, bacterial contaminants, and dressing residue without adversely impacting cellular activity vital to the wound healing process (British Columbia Provincial Nursing Skin and Wound Committee, 2014).\r\n\r\nAny wound that has a cavity, undermining, sinus, or a tract will require irrigation and packing. Open wounds require a specific environment for optimal healing\u00a0from secondary intention. The purpose of irrigating and packing a wound is to remove debris and exudate from the wound and encourage the growth of granulation tissue to prevent premature closure and abscess formation (Saskatoon Health Region, 2013). Depending on the severity of the wound, it can take weeks to months or years to complete the healing process. Packing should only be done by a trained health care professional and according to agency guidelines.\r\n\r\nContraindications to packing a wound include a fistula\u00a0tract,\u00a0a wound with an unknown endpoint to tunnelling, a wound sinus tract or tunnel where irrigation solution cannot be retrieved, or a non-healing wound that requires a dry environment (Saskatoon Health Region, 2013).\r\n\r\nThe type of packing for the wound is based on a wound assessment, goal for the wound, and wound care management objectives. The packing material should fill the dead space and conform to the cavity to the base and sides. It is important to not over-pack or under-pack the wound. If the wound is over-packed, there may be excessive pressure placed on the tissue causing pain, impaired blood flow, and, potentially, tissue damage. If the wound is under-packed and the packing material is not touching the base and the sides of the cavity, undermining, sinus tract, or tunnel, there is a risk of the edges rolling and abscess formation (British Columbia Provincial Nursing Skin and Wound Committee, 2014).\r\n\r\nThe types of gauze used to pack a wound may be soaked with normal saline, ointment, or hydrogel, depending on the needs of the wound. Other types of packing material include impregnated gauze, ribbon dressing, hydro-fiber dressing, alginate antimicrobial dressing, and a negative pressure foam or gauze dressing. If using ribbon gauze from a multi-use container, ensure each patient has their own container to avoid cross-contamination (British Columbia Provincial Nursing Skin and Wound Committee,\u00a02014).\u00a0Additional guidelines to irrigating and packing a wound are listed in Table 4.6.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
Table 4.6: General Guidelines for Irrigating and Packing a Wound<\/caption>\r\n
\r\n

Guideline<\/b><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n

\r\n

\u00a0Additional Information<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n

Aseptic technique<\/td>\r\nSterile technique or no-touch technique may be used for irrigating and packing a wound. The use of a specific technique is based on agency policy, condition of the client, healability of the wound, invasiveness, and goal of the wound care. Sterile technique or no-touch technique must be used in all acute care settings. Clean technique may be used for chronic wounds in long-term-care settings.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Type of solution for irrigation<\/td>\r\nThe most common solution used is normal saline at room temperature, unless otherwise ordered. Check physician orders.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Wound irrigation<\/td>\r\nThe wound is irrigated each time the dressing is changed.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Irrigation pressure<\/td>\r\nThe pressure of irrigating must be strong enough to remove debris but not damage the new tissue. Generally, a 35 ml syringe with a 19 gauge blunt tip is sufficient for irrigation.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Wound assessment<\/td>\r\nWound assessment must be done with each dressing change to ensure the product is adequately meeting the needs of the wound.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Swabbing the wound<\/td>\r\nSwab for culture, if required. always swab a wound after irrigation.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Packing material<\/td>\r\nPacking material must be removed with each dressing change. Only one piece of gauze or dressing material should be used in wounds with sinus tracts or tunnelling to avoid the risk of retaining dressing\/packing material. If there is a concern that packing is retained in the wound, contact the wound specialist or physician for follow-up.\r\n\r\nAlways leave a \"tail\" of the packing strip outside the wound. If more than one piece of packing is used, leave the tails outside the wound by securing the tails to the skin with a piece of Steri-Strip.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Documentation<\/td>\r\nWound assessment and dressing change must be documented each time. Each wound requires a separate wound care sheet. Type and quantity of packing material (length or pieces), along with the number of inner and outer dressings should be recorded as per agency policy.\u00a0For any cavity, undermining, sinus tract, or tunnel with a depth greater than 1cm (>1cm), count and document the number of packing pieces removed from the wound, and the number of packing pieces inserted into the wound.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Communication<\/td>\r\nA copy of the most recent wound care assessment and dressing change should be sent with patient upon transfer to another health care facility.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Use of sterile gloves for packing<\/td>\r\nSterile gloves may be used if packing a large or complex wound.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Data source: British Columbia Provincial Nursing Skin and Wound Committee,\u00a02014;\u00a0Saskatoon Health Region, 2013<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\nThe health care professional chooses the method of cleansing (a squeezable sterile normal saline container or a 30 to\u00a035 cc syringe with a wound irrigation tip catheter) and the type of wound cleansing solution to be used based on the presence of undermining, sinus tracts or tunnels, necrotic slough, and local wound infection.\r\n\r\nAgency policy will determine the wound cleansing solution, but sterile normal saline and sterile water are the solutions of choice for cleansing wounds and should be warmed to support wound healing.\r\n\r\nUndermining, sinuses, and tunnels can only be irrigated when there is a known endpoint.\u00a0Do not irrigate undermining, sinuses, or tunnels that extend beyond 15 cm unless directed\u00a0by a physician or nurse practitioner (NP).\u00a0If fluid is instilled into a sinus, tunnel, or undermined area and cannot be removed from the area, stop irrigating and refer to a wound specialist\u00a0or physician or NP.\r\n\r\nChecklist 38 outlines the steps for irrigating and packing a wound.\r\n
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<\/a>Checklist 38: Wound Irrigation and Packing<\/caption>\r\n
\r\n
Disclaimer:\u00a0Always review and follow your hospital policy regarding this specific skill.<\/span><\/h5>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
\r\n
Safety considerations:<\/span><\/h5>\r\n
\r\n

Steps<\/h4>\r\n<\/td>\r\n

\r\n

\u00a0Additional Information<\/h4>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n

1. Review order for wound irrigation and packing.<\/td>\r\nConfirm\u00a0that physician's orders are appropriate to wound assessment.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
2. Perform hand hygiene<\/a>.<\/td>\r\nHand hygiene reduces the risk of infection.\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_5972\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"150\"]\"Hand<\/a> Hand hygiene with ABHR[\/caption]<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
3. Gather necessary equipment and supplies:\r\n
    \r\n \t
  • Syringe<\/li>\r\n \t
  • Cannula with needleless adaptor<\/li>\r\n \t
  • Irrigation fluid<\/li>\r\n \t
  • Basin<\/li>\r\n \t
  • Waterproof pad<\/li>\r\n \t
  • Dressing tray with sterile forceps<\/li>\r\n \t
  • Steri-Strips<\/li>\r\n \t
  • Scissors<\/li>\r\n \t
  • Skin barrier\/protectant<\/li>\r\n \t
  • Cotton tip applicators<\/li>\r\n \t
  • Measuring guide<\/li>\r\n \t
  • Outer sterile dressing<\/li>\r\n \t
  • Packing gauze or packing as per physician's orders<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nSome agencies provide a prepackaged sterile irrigation tray.<\/td>\r\n
Being organized will help with efficiency and expedite the procedure, minimizing the length of time the patient experiences discomfort.\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_5644\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"150\"]\"Gather<\/a> Gather supplies and set up sterile tray[\/caption]<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
4. Position patient to allow solution to flow off patient.\r\n\r\nPosition patient so wound is vertical to the collection basin.<\/td>\r\n\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_5645\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"150\"]\"Position<\/a> Position patient on side[\/caption]<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
5. Place\u00a0waterproof pad under patient.\r\n\r\nApply clean gloves.\r\n\r\nSet up sterile field and supplies.<\/td>\r\nProtect patient's clothing and bedding from irrigation fluid.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
6.\u00a0Remove outer dressing.\r\n
    \r\n \t
  • Using sterile forceps, remove inner dressing (packing) from the wound.<\/li>\r\n \t
  • If the packing sticks, gently soak the packing with normal saline or sterile water and gently lift off the packing.<\/li>\r\n \t
  • Confirm the quantity and type of packing is the same as recorded on previous dressing change.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/td>\r\n
\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_5646\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"150\"]\"Remove<\/a> Remove outer dressing[\/caption]\r\n\r\nRemoving packing that adheres to the wound bed without soaking can cause trauma to the wound bed tissue.\r\n\r\nIf packing material cannot be removed, contact the physician \/ NP or wound clinician.\r\n\r\nIf packing adheres to the wound, reassess the amount of wound exudate and consider a different packing material.\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_5649\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"150\"]\"Remove<\/a> Remove inner dressing[\/caption]\r\n\r\nAll packing must be removed with each dressing change.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
7.\u00a0Assess the wound.\r\n
    \r\n \t
  • Take measurements, including length, width, and depth.<\/li>\r\n \t
  • For undermining or tunnelling, note location and size.<\/li>\r\n \t
  • Look for evidence of bone or tendon exposure.<\/li>\r\n \t
  • Assess\u00a0appearance of wound bed, noting percentage of tissue types.<\/li>\r\n \t
  • Note\u00a0presence of odour after cleansing.<\/li>\r\n \t
  • Assess\u00a0appearance of wound edge and peri-wound skin.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/td>\r\n
\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_5651\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"150\"]\"Assess<\/a> Assess the wound[\/caption]\r\n\r\nWound assessment helps identify if the wound care is effective.\r\n\r\nAlways compare the current wound assessment with the previous assessment to determine if the wound is healing, delayed, worsening, or showing signs of infection.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
8. Apply non-sterile gloves, gown, and goggles or face shield according to\u00a0agency policy.<\/td>\r\nThe use of personal protective equipment<\/a> (PPE) reduces the risk of contamination.\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_5559\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"150\"]\"Apply<\/a> Apply non-sterile gloves[\/caption]<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
9. Fill 35 to\u00a060 ml syringe with sterile water\/irrigating solution and attach a needleless cannula to end of syringe.<\/td>\r\n\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_5652\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"150\"]\"Fill<\/a> Fill syringe with irrigating solution[\/caption]<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
10. Hold syringe about 1 inch above wound and flush wound using gently continuous pressure until returns run clear into the basin.\r\n\r\nIf irrigating a deep wound with a very small opening, attach a small needleless catheter to prefilled irrigation syringe and insert about 1\/2 inch.\r\n\r\nUse slow continuous pressure to flush wound.\r\n\r\nRepeat flushing procedure until returns run clear into the basin.<\/td>\r\n\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_5653\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"150\"]\"Irrigate<\/a> Irrigate wound[\/caption]\r\n\r\nIrrigation should be drained into basin. Retained irrigation fluid is a medium for bacterial growth and subsequent infection.\r\n\r\nIrrigation should not increase patient discomfort.\r\n\r\nThe irrigation tip controls the pressure of the fluid, not the force of the plunger.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
11. Dry wound edges with sterile gauze using sterile forceps.<\/td>\r\n\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_5654\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"150\"]\"Dry<\/a> Dry wound edges with sterile gauze[\/caption]\r\n\r\nThis step prevents maceration of surrounding tissue from excess moisture.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
12. Remove goggles or face shield.<\/td>\r\nPPE is no longer required after irrigating a wound.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
13. Perform hand hygiene<\/a> and apply sterile gloves (if not using sterile forceps) or non-sterile gloves.<\/td>\r\nHand hygiene reduces the risk of infection.\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_5972\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"150\"]\"Hand<\/a> Hand hygiene with ABHR[\/caption]<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
14.\u00a0Apply a skin barrier \/ protectant on the peri-wound skin as needed.<\/td>\r\nSaturated packing materials and\/or wound exudate may macerate or irritate unprotected peri-wound skin.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
15.\u00a0For normal saline gauze packing:\r\n
    \r\n \t
  • Moisten the gauze with sterile normal saline and wring it out so it is damp but not wet.<\/li>\r\n \t
  • Enclose any non-woven edges in the centre of the packing material to reduce the risk of loose threads in the wound.<\/li>\r\n \t
  • For other packing materials, see the specific product information.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/td>\r\n
The wound must be moist, not wet, for optimal healing.\u00a0Gauze packing that is too wet can cause tissue maceration and reduces the absorbency of the gauze.\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_5655\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"150\"]\"Moisten<\/a> Moisten gauze[\/caption]\r\n\r\nNormal saline gauze packing needs to be changed at least once daily.\r\n\r\nIf it is necessary to use more than one ribbon packing piece, the pieces must be tied together using sterile gloves; ensure the knot(s) is secure.\r\n\r\nEnsure the wound is not over-packed or under-packed as this may diminish the healing process.\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_5657\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"150\"]\"Apply<\/a> Apply packing to wound[\/caption]\r\n\r\nThis prepares the wound bed for optimal healing with a moist\u00a0to dry dressing.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
16. Open gauze and gently pack it into wound using either forceps or the tip of a cotton swab stick.<\/td>\r\nContinue until all wound surfaces are in contact with gauze.\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_5658\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"150\"]\"Apply<\/a> Apply packing to wound[\/caption]\r\n\r\nDo not pack too tightly.\r\n\r\nDo not overlap wound edges with wet packing.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
17.\u00a0Always leave a \u201ctail\u201d of packing materials either clearly visible in the wound cavity or on the peri-wound skin.\r\n\r\nUse a Steri-Strip to secure the packing tail to the peri-wound skin.\r\n\r\nIf two or more packing pieces have been knotted together, ensure that the knots are placed in the wound cavity, not in the undermining, sinus tract, or tunnel.<\/td>\r\n\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_6388\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"150\"]\"leave<\/a> Leave a \u201ctail\u201d of packing materials[\/caption]\r\n\r\nIf the knot is visible in the wound, it is less likely that a packing piece will be lost if the knot comes undone.\r\n\r\nA knot exerting pressure on the wound surface may impair blood flow and potentially cause necrosis in the wound.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
18. Apply an appropriate outer dry\u00a0dressing, depending on the frequency of the dressing changes and the amount of exudate from the wound.<\/td>\r\nThe dressing on the wound must remain dry on the outside until the next dressing change to avoid cross-contamination of the wound.\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_5662\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"150\"]\"Apply<\/a> Apply outer dressing[\/caption]<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
19. Discard supplies and perform hand hygiene<\/a>.<\/td>\r\nThis prevents the transfer of microorganisms.\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_5940\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"150\"]\"<\/a> Perform hand hygiene[\/caption]<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
20. Help patient back into a comfortable position, and lower the bed.<\/td>\r\nThis step optimizes patient safety.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
21. Document wound assessment, irrigation solution, and patient response to the irrigation and\u00a0dressing change.\r\n\r\nDocumentation should include date and time of procedure.\r\n\r\nReport any unusual findings or concerns to the appropriate health care professional.<\/td>\r\nThis allows for effective communication between health care providers.\r\n\r\nNotify required health care providers if wound appears infected or is not healing as expected.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Data source: BCIT, 2010b; Perry et al., 2014<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n

<\/a>Video 4.5<\/h3>\r\n
Watch the video Wound Irrigation and Packing<\/em><\/a> by Ren\u00e9e Anderson and Wendy McKenzie, Thompson Rivers University.<\/div>\r\nThe following links provide additional information about wound packing and wound measuring.\r\n
Read this Procedure: Wound Packing<\/em> PDF<\/a> to learn more about\u00a0wound packing procedure.<\/div>\r\n
Take this Wound Assessment<\/em> course<\/a> to learn more about wound measuring and assessment.<\/div>\r\n
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Critical Thinking Exercises<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/header>\r\n

\r\n
    \r\n \t
  1. What information is documented when\u00a0a wet to dry dressing change is performed?<\/li>\r\n \t
  2. What temperature should the wound cleansing solution be?<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>","rendered":"

    Moist to Dry Dressing<\/h2>\n

    A\u00a0moist to dry dressing is a primary dressing that directly touches the wound bed, with\u00a0a secondary dressing that covers\u00a0the primary dressing.\u00a0The type of wound dressing used depends not only on the characteristics of the wound but also on the goal of the wound treatment.<\/p>\n

    Important:<\/strong> Ensure pain is well managed prior to a dressing change to maximize patient comfort.<\/p>\n

    Checklist 37 outlines the steps for performing a moist to dry dressing change.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    <\/a>Checklist 37: Moist to Dry Dressing Change<\/caption>\n
    \n
    Disclaimer:\u00a0Always review and follow your hospital policy regarding this specific skill.<\/span><\/h5>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \n
    Safety considerations:<\/span><\/h5>\n
    \n

    Steps<\/h4>\n<\/td>\n

    		\n

    \u00a0Additional Information<\/h4>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

    1. Check present dressing using\u00a0non-sterile gloves.<\/td>\nThis provides an opportunity to collect required supplies for the procedure.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    2. Perform hand hygiene<\/a>.<\/td>\nHand hygiene reduces the risk of infection.<\/p>\n
    \"Perform<\/a>
    Perform hand hygiene<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    3. Gather necessary equipment and supplies.<\/td>\nBeing organized will help with efficiency and expedite the procedure, minimizing the length of time the patient experiences discomfort.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    4. Prepare environment, position patient, adjust height of bed, turn on lights.<\/td>\nThis helps prepare patient and bedside for procedure.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    5. Perform hand hygiene<\/a>.<\/td>\nHand hygiene reduces the risk of infection.<\/p>\n
    \"Hand<\/a>
    Hand hygiene with ABHR<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    6. Prepare sterile field.<\/td>\n\n
    \"Sterile<\/a>
    Sterile field<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    7. Add necessary sterile supplies.<\/td>\n\n
    \"Adding<\/a>
    Add supplies<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    8. Pour cleansing solution.<\/td>\n\n
    \"Pouring<\/a>
    Pour cleansing solution<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    9. Expose dressed wound.<\/td>\nInspect wound\u00a0for the amount of drainage, odours, and type of drainage.<\/p>\n
    \"Inspect<\/a>
    Inspect the wound<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    10. Apply non-sterile gloves.<\/td>\nThis reduces the risk of contaminating your\u00a0hands with the patient’s blood and other body fluids.<\/p>\n

    It also\u00a0reduces the risk of germ dissemination to the environment and of germ transmission from you to the patient and vice versa, as well as from one patient to another.<\/p>\n

    \"Apply<\/a>
    Apply non-sterile gloves<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    11. Remove outer dressing with non-sterile gloves.<\/td>\n\n
    \"Removing<\/a>
    Remove outer dressing with non-sterile gloves<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    12. Remove inner dressing with transfer forceps.<\/td>\n\n
    \"Remove<\/a>
    Remove inner dressing with forceps<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    13. Discard transfer forceps and non-sterile gloves.<\/td>\n\n
    \"Discard<\/a>
    Discard transfer forceps<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    14. Drape patient with underpad (optional).<\/td>\n\n
    \"Drape<\/a>
    Drape patient with underpad<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    15. Apply non-sterile gloves (optional).<\/td>\nThis reduces the risk of infection.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    16. Place sterile or non-woven gauze in container of prescribed solution, and wring out excess solution.<\/td>\nUse enough prescribed solution to saturate gauze. Excess solution has the potential to contaminate surrounding areas.<\/p>\n
    \"Saturate<\/a>
    Saturate gauze<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    17. Apply moist gauze as a single layer onto wound surface, pack\u00a0gauze into wound if necessary, and ensure gauze does\u00a0not touch\u00a0skin around the wound.<\/td>\nApply skin preparation as per agency protocol, if required.<\/p>\n
    \"Apply<\/a>
    Apply moist gauze<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    18. Cleanse around drain (if present).<\/td>\nDrain is cleansed using circular strokes starting near the drain and moving outward and away from the insertion site.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    19. Apply dry layer of sterile gauze over moist gauze using sterile technique.<\/td>\nThis covers moist gauze and preserves moistness.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    20. Apply drain sponges\/cut gauze to drain site if present.<\/td>\n\n
    \"Apply<\/a>
    Apply drain sponges\/cut gauze to drain site if present<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    21. Cover with ABD (abdominal) pad or\u00a0gauze, and fasten with tape.<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    22. Discard non-sterile gloves according to agency policy and perform hand hygiene<\/a>.<\/td>\nHand hygiene reduces the risk of infection.<\/p>\n
    \"Book<\/a>
    Discard gloves<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    23. Next:<\/p>\n
      \n
    • Assist patient to comfortable position<\/li>\n
    • Lower patient\u2019s bed<\/li>\n
    • Discard used equipment appropriately<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n
    		These steps ensure the patient’s continued safety.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    24. Document procedure and\u00a0findings according to agency policy.<\/p>\n

    Report any unusual findings or concerns to the appropriate health care professional.<\/td>\n

    		Record dressing change:\u00a0time, place of wound, wound characteristics, presence of staples or sutures, size, drainage type and amount, type of cleansing solution and dressing applied.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Data source:\u00a0Perry et al., 2014;\u00a0WHO, 2009<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

    Wound Irrigation and Packing<\/h2>\n

    Wound irrigation and packing refer to\u00a0the application of fluid to a wound to remove exudate, slough, necrotic debris, bacterial contaminants, and dressing residue without adversely impacting cellular activity vital to the wound healing process (British Columbia Provincial Nursing Skin and Wound Committee, 2014).<\/p>\n

    Any wound that has a cavity, undermining, sinus, or a tract will require irrigation and packing. Open wounds require a specific environment for optimal healing\u00a0from secondary intention. The purpose of irrigating and packing a wound is to remove debris and exudate from the wound and encourage the growth of granulation tissue to prevent premature closure and abscess formation (Saskatoon Health Region, 2013). Depending on the severity of the wound, it can take weeks to months or years to complete the healing process. Packing should only be done by a trained health care professional and according to agency guidelines.<\/p>\n

    Contraindications to packing a wound include a fistula\u00a0tract,\u00a0a wound with an unknown endpoint to tunnelling, a wound sinus tract or tunnel where irrigation solution cannot be retrieved, or a non-healing wound that requires a dry environment (Saskatoon Health Region, 2013).<\/p>\n

    The type of packing for the wound is based on a wound assessment, goal for the wound, and wound care management objectives. The packing material should fill the dead space and conform to the cavity to the base and sides. It is important to not over-pack or under-pack the wound. If the wound is over-packed, there may be excessive pressure placed on the tissue causing pain, impaired blood flow, and, potentially, tissue damage. If the wound is under-packed and the packing material is not touching the base and the sides of the cavity, undermining, sinus tract, or tunnel, there is a risk of the edges rolling and abscess formation (British Columbia Provincial Nursing Skin and Wound Committee, 2014).<\/p>\n

    The types of gauze used to pack a wound may be soaked with normal saline, ointment, or hydrogel, depending on the needs of the wound. Other types of packing material include impregnated gauze, ribbon dressing, hydro-fiber dressing, alginate antimicrobial dressing, and a negative pressure foam or gauze dressing. If using ribbon gauze from a multi-use container, ensure each patient has their own container to avoid cross-contamination (British Columbia Provincial Nursing Skin and Wound Committee,\u00a02014).\u00a0Additional guidelines to irrigating and packing a wound are listed in Table 4.6.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    Table 4.6: General Guidelines for Irrigating and Packing a Wound<\/caption>\n
    \n

    Guideline<\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

    		\n

    \u00a0Additional Information<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

    Aseptic technique<\/td>\nSterile technique or no-touch technique may be used for irrigating and packing a wound. The use of a specific technique is based on agency policy, condition of the client, healability of the wound, invasiveness, and goal of the wound care. Sterile technique or no-touch technique must be used in all acute care settings. Clean technique may be used for chronic wounds in long-term-care settings.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Type of solution for irrigation<\/td>\nThe most common solution used is normal saline at room temperature, unless otherwise ordered. Check physician orders.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Wound irrigation<\/td>\nThe wound is irrigated each time the dressing is changed.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Irrigation pressure<\/td>\nThe pressure of irrigating must be strong enough to remove debris but not damage the new tissue. Generally, a 35 ml syringe with a 19 gauge blunt tip is sufficient for irrigation.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Wound assessment<\/td>\nWound assessment must be done with each dressing change to ensure the product is adequately meeting the needs of the wound.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Swabbing the wound<\/td>\nSwab for culture, if required. always swab a wound after irrigation.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Packing material<\/td>\nPacking material must be removed with each dressing change. Only one piece of gauze or dressing material should be used in wounds with sinus tracts or tunnelling to avoid the risk of retaining dressing\/packing material. If there is a concern that packing is retained in the wound, contact the wound specialist or physician for follow-up.<\/p>\n

    Always leave a “tail” of the packing strip outside the wound. If more than one piece of packing is used, leave the tails outside the wound by securing the tails to the skin with a piece of Steri-Strip.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

    Documentation<\/td>\nWound assessment and dressing change must be documented each time. Each wound requires a separate wound care sheet. Type and quantity of packing material (length or pieces), along with the number of inner and outer dressings should be recorded as per agency policy.\u00a0For any cavity, undermining, sinus tract, or tunnel with a depth greater than 1cm (>1cm), count and document the number of packing pieces removed from the wound, and the number of packing pieces inserted into the wound.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Communication<\/td>\nA copy of the most recent wound care assessment and dressing change should be sent with patient upon transfer to another health care facility.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Use of sterile gloves for packing<\/td>\nSterile gloves may be used if packing a large or complex wound.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Data source: British Columbia Provincial Nursing Skin and Wound Committee,\u00a02014;\u00a0Saskatoon Health Region, 2013<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

    The health care professional chooses the method of cleansing (a squeezable sterile normal saline container or a 30 to\u00a035 cc syringe with a wound irrigation tip catheter) and the type of wound cleansing solution to be used based on the presence of undermining, sinus tracts or tunnels, necrotic slough, and local wound infection.<\/p>\n

    Agency policy will determine the wound cleansing solution, but sterile normal saline and sterile water are the solutions of choice for cleansing wounds and should be warmed to support wound healing.<\/p>\n

    Undermining, sinuses, and tunnels can only be irrigated when there is a known endpoint.\u00a0Do not irrigate undermining, sinuses, or tunnels that extend beyond 15 cm unless directed\u00a0by a physician or nurse practitioner (NP).\u00a0If fluid is instilled into a sinus, tunnel, or undermined area and cannot be removed from the area, stop irrigating and refer to a wound specialist\u00a0or physician or NP.<\/p>\n

    Checklist 38 outlines the steps for irrigating and packing a wound.<\/p>\n

    \n
    \n
    \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    <\/a>Checklist 38: Wound Irrigation and Packing<\/caption>\n
    \n
    Disclaimer:\u00a0Always review and follow your hospital policy regarding this specific skill.<\/span><\/h5>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \n
    Safety considerations:<\/span><\/h5>\n
    \n

    Steps<\/h4>\n<\/td>\n

    		\n

    \u00a0Additional Information<\/h4>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

    1. Review order for wound irrigation and packing.<\/td>\nConfirm\u00a0that physician’s orders are appropriate to wound assessment.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    2. Perform hand hygiene<\/a>.<\/td>\nHand hygiene reduces the risk of infection.<\/p>\n
    \"Hand<\/a>
    Hand hygiene with ABHR<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    3. Gather necessary equipment and supplies:<\/p>\n
      \n
    • Syringe<\/li>\n
    • Cannula with needleless adaptor<\/li>\n
    • Irrigation fluid<\/li>\n
    • Basin<\/li>\n
    • Waterproof pad<\/li>\n
    • Dressing tray with sterile forceps<\/li>\n
    • Steri-Strips<\/li>\n
    • Scissors<\/li>\n
    • Skin barrier\/protectant<\/li>\n
    • Cotton tip applicators<\/li>\n
    • Measuring guide<\/li>\n
    • Outer sterile dressing<\/li>\n
    • Packing gauze or packing as per physician’s orders<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      Some agencies provide a prepackaged sterile irrigation tray.<\/td>\n

    		Being organized will help with efficiency and expedite the procedure, minimizing the length of time the patient experiences discomfort.<\/p>\n
    \"Gather<\/a>
    Gather supplies and set up sterile tray<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    4. Position patient to allow solution to flow off patient.<\/p>\n

    Position patient so wound is vertical to the collection basin.<\/td>\n

    		\n
    \"Position<\/a>
    Position patient on side<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    5. Place\u00a0waterproof pad under patient.<\/p>\n

    Apply clean gloves.<\/p>\n

    Set up sterile field and supplies.<\/td>\n

    		Protect patient’s clothing and bedding from irrigation fluid.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    6.\u00a0Remove outer dressing.<\/p>\n
      \n
    • Using sterile forceps, remove inner dressing (packing) from the wound.<\/li>\n
    • If the packing sticks, gently soak the packing with normal saline or sterile water and gently lift off the packing.<\/li>\n
    • Confirm the quantity and type of packing is the same as recorded on previous dressing change.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n
    		\n
    \"Remove<\/a>
    Remove outer dressing<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

    Removing packing that adheres to the wound bed without soaking can cause trauma to the wound bed tissue.<\/p>\n

    If packing material cannot be removed, contact the physician \/ NP or wound clinician.<\/p>\n

    If packing adheres to the wound, reassess the amount of wound exudate and consider a different packing material.<\/p>\n

    \"Remove<\/a>
    Remove inner dressing<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

    All packing must be removed with each dressing change.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

    7.\u00a0Assess the wound.<\/p>\n
      \n
    • Take measurements, including length, width, and depth.<\/li>\n
    • For undermining or tunnelling, note location and size.<\/li>\n
    • Look for evidence of bone or tendon exposure.<\/li>\n
    • Assess\u00a0appearance of wound bed, noting percentage of tissue types.<\/li>\n
    • Note\u00a0presence of odour after cleansing.<\/li>\n
    • Assess\u00a0appearance of wound edge and peri-wound skin.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n
    		\n
    \"Assess<\/a>
    Assess the wound<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

    Wound assessment helps identify if the wound care is effective.<\/p>\n

    Always compare the current wound assessment with the previous assessment to determine if the wound is healing, delayed, worsening, or showing signs of infection.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

    8. Apply non-sterile gloves, gown, and goggles or face shield according to\u00a0agency policy.<\/td>\nThe use of personal protective equipment<\/a> (PPE) reduces the risk of contamination.<\/p>\n
    \"Apply<\/a>
    Apply non-sterile gloves<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    9. Fill 35 to\u00a060 ml syringe with sterile water\/irrigating solution and attach a needleless cannula to end of syringe.<\/td>\n\n
    \"Fill<\/a>
    Fill syringe with irrigating solution<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    10. Hold syringe about 1 inch above wound and flush wound using gently continuous pressure until returns run clear into the basin.<\/p>\n

    If irrigating a deep wound with a very small opening, attach a small needleless catheter to prefilled irrigation syringe and insert about 1\/2 inch.<\/p>\n

    Use slow continuous pressure to flush wound.<\/p>\n

    Repeat flushing procedure until returns run clear into the basin.<\/td>\n

    		\n
    \"Irrigate<\/a>
    Irrigate wound<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

    Irrigation should be drained into basin. Retained irrigation fluid is a medium for bacterial growth and subsequent infection.<\/p>\n

    Irrigation should not increase patient discomfort.<\/p>\n

    The irrigation tip controls the pressure of the fluid, not the force of the plunger.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

    11. Dry wound edges with sterile gauze using sterile forceps.<\/td>\n\n
    \"Dry<\/a>
    Dry wound edges with sterile gauze<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

    This step prevents maceration of surrounding tissue from excess moisture.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

    12. Remove goggles or face shield.<\/td>\nPPE is no longer required after irrigating a wound.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    13. Perform hand hygiene<\/a> and apply sterile gloves (if not using sterile forceps) or non-sterile gloves.<\/td>\nHand hygiene reduces the risk of infection.<\/p>\n
    \"Hand<\/a>
    Hand hygiene with ABHR<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    14.\u00a0Apply a skin barrier \/ protectant on the peri-wound skin as needed.<\/td>\nSaturated packing materials and\/or wound exudate may macerate or irritate unprotected peri-wound skin.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    15.\u00a0For normal saline gauze packing:<\/p>\n
      \n
    • Moisten the gauze with sterile normal saline and wring it out so it is damp but not wet.<\/li>\n
    • Enclose any non-woven edges in the centre of the packing material to reduce the risk of loose threads in the wound.<\/li>\n
    • For other packing materials, see the specific product information.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n
    		The wound must be moist, not wet, for optimal healing.\u00a0Gauze packing that is too wet can cause tissue maceration and reduces the absorbency of the gauze.<\/p>\n
    \"Moisten<\/a>
    Moisten gauze<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

    Normal saline gauze packing needs to be changed at least once daily.<\/p>\n

    If it is necessary to use more than one ribbon packing piece, the pieces must be tied together using sterile gloves; ensure the knot(s) is secure.<\/p>\n

    Ensure the wound is not over-packed or under-packed as this may diminish the healing process.<\/p>\n

    \"Apply<\/a>
    Apply packing to wound<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

    This prepares the wound bed for optimal healing with a moist\u00a0to dry dressing.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

    16. Open gauze and gently pack it into wound using either forceps or the tip of a cotton swab stick.<\/td>\nContinue until all wound surfaces are in contact with gauze.<\/p>\n
    \"Apply<\/a>
    Apply packing to wound<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

    Do not pack too tightly.<\/p>\n

    Do not overlap wound edges with wet packing.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

    17.\u00a0Always leave a \u201ctail\u201d of packing materials either clearly visible in the wound cavity or on the peri-wound skin.<\/p>\n

    Use a Steri-Strip to secure the packing tail to the peri-wound skin.<\/p>\n

    If two or more packing pieces have been knotted together, ensure that the knots are placed in the wound cavity, not in the undermining, sinus tract, or tunnel.<\/td>\n

    		\n
    \"leave<\/a>
    Leave a \u201ctail\u201d of packing materials<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

    If the knot is visible in the wound, it is less likely that a packing piece will be lost if the knot comes undone.<\/p>\n

    A knot exerting pressure on the wound surface may impair blood flow and potentially cause necrosis in the wound.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

    18. Apply an appropriate outer dry\u00a0dressing, depending on the frequency of the dressing changes and the amount of exudate from the wound.<\/td>\nThe dressing on the wound must remain dry on the outside until the next dressing change to avoid cross-contamination of the wound.<\/p>\n
    \"Apply<\/a>
    Apply outer dressing<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    19. Discard supplies and perform hand hygiene<\/a>.<\/td>\nThis prevents the transfer of microorganisms.<\/p>\n
    \"Perform<\/a>
    Perform hand hygiene<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    20. Help patient back into a comfortable position, and lower the bed.<\/td>\nThis step optimizes patient safety.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    21. Document wound assessment, irrigation solution, and patient response to the irrigation and\u00a0dressing change.<\/p>\n

    Documentation should include date and time of procedure.<\/p>\n

    Report any unusual findings or concerns to the appropriate health care professional.<\/td>\n

    		This allows for effective communication between health care providers.<\/p>\n

    Notify required health care providers if wound appears infected or is not healing as expected.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

    Data source: BCIT, 2010b; Perry et al., 2014<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

    <\/a>Video 4.5<\/h3>\n
    Watch the video Wound Irrigation and Packing<\/em><\/a> by Ren\u00e9e Anderson and Wendy McKenzie, Thompson Rivers University.<\/div>\n

    The following links provide additional information about wound packing and wound measuring.<\/p>\n

    Read this Procedure: Wound Packing<\/em> PDF<\/a> to learn more about\u00a0wound packing procedure.<\/div>\n
    Take this Wound Assessment<\/em> course<\/a> to learn more about wound measuring and assessment.<\/div>\n
    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    Critical Thinking Exercises<\/p>\n<\/header>\n

    \n
      \n
    1. What information is documented when\u00a0a wet to dry dressing change is performed?<\/li>\n
    2. What temperature should the wound cleansing solution be?<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"menu_order":6,"template":"","meta":{"pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-1497","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry"],"part":1030,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/clinicalskills\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/1497","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/clinicalskills\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/clinicalskills\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/clinicalskills\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"version-history":[{"count":30,"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/clinicalskills\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/1497\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":10204,"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/clinicalskills\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/1497\/revisions\/10204"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/clinicalskills\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/1030"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/clinicalskills\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/1497\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/clinicalskills\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1497"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/clinicalskills\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=1497"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/clinicalskills\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=1497"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/clinicalskills\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=1497"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}