{"id":2246,"date":"2015-04-15T04:21:01","date_gmt":"2015-04-15T04:21:01","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/clinicalskills\/?post_type=chapter&p=2246"},"modified":"2019-06-05T21:31:35","modified_gmt":"2019-06-05T21:31:35","slug":"5-1-introduction","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/clinicalskills\/chapter\/5-1-introduction\/","title":{"raw":"5.1 Introduction","rendered":"5.1 Introduction"},"content":{"raw":"Oxygen is essential for sustaining\u00a0life. The cardiovascular and the respiratory systems are responsible for supplying\u00a0the body's oxygen demands. Blood is oxygenated through the mechanisms of ventilation, perfusion, and the transport of respiratory gases (Potter, Perry, Ross-Kerr, & Wood, 2010).\r\n\r\nRespiration is optimal\u00a0when sufficient oxygenation\u00a0occurs\u00a0at the cellular level and when cellular waste and carbon dioxide are adequately removed via the bloodstream and lungs. If\u00a0this system is interrupted -- for example by lung tissue damage, inflammation or excess mucus in the airways, or impairment of ventilation -- intervention is required to support the client and prevent the condition from\u00a0worsening or, potentially, to prevent death\u00a0from occurring (Perry, Potter, & Ostendorf, 2014).\r\n\r\nOxygen is the most frequently\u00a0used medication in emergency medicine, and when used\u00a0appropriately in the treatment of hypoxemia (an inadequate supply of oxygen in the arterial blood), it potentially saves lives (Kane, Decalmer, & O'Driscoll, 2013).\u00a0This chapter describes the principles of oxygen therapy, the causes and management of hypoxia (the reduction of oxygen supply at the tissue level), and the optimal use of oxygen therapy and treatment modalities.\r\n
\r\n

Learning Objectives<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/header>\r\n

\r\n
    \r\n \t
  • Describe the principles of oxygenation<\/li>\r\n \t
  • Understand the functions and limitations\u00a0of\u00a0pulse oximetry<\/li>\r\n \t
  • Describe the causes of\u00a0hypoxia<\/li>\r\n \t
  • Identify when\u00a0oxygen therapy is needed<\/li>\r\n \t
  • Describe the management of\u00a0hypoxia<\/li>\r\n \t
  • List hazards, precautions, and complications of oxygen therapy<\/li>\r\n \t
  • Describe how to perform oral suctioning<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>","rendered":"

    Oxygen is essential for sustaining\u00a0life. The cardiovascular and the respiratory systems are responsible for supplying\u00a0the body’s oxygen demands. Blood is oxygenated through the mechanisms of ventilation, perfusion, and the transport of respiratory gases (Potter, Perry, Ross-Kerr, & Wood, 2010).<\/p>\n

    Respiration is optimal\u00a0when sufficient oxygenation\u00a0occurs\u00a0at the cellular level and when cellular waste and carbon dioxide are adequately removed via the bloodstream and lungs. If\u00a0this system is interrupted — for example by lung tissue damage, inflammation or excess mucus in the airways, or impairment of ventilation — intervention is required to support the client and prevent the condition from\u00a0worsening or, potentially, to prevent death\u00a0from occurring (Perry, Potter, & Ostendorf, 2014).<\/p>\n

    Oxygen is the most frequently\u00a0used medication in emergency medicine, and when used\u00a0appropriately in the treatment of hypoxemia (an inadequate supply of oxygen in the arterial blood), it potentially saves lives (Kane, Decalmer, & O’Driscoll, 2013).\u00a0This chapter describes the principles of oxygen therapy, the causes and management of hypoxia (the reduction of oxygen supply at the tissue level), and the optimal use of oxygen therapy and treatment modalities.<\/p>\n

    \n
    \n

    Learning Objectives<\/p>\n<\/header>\n

    \n
      \n
    • Describe the principles of oxygenation<\/li>\n
    • Understand the functions and limitations\u00a0of\u00a0pulse oximetry<\/li>\n
    • Describe the causes of\u00a0hypoxia<\/li>\n
    • Identify when\u00a0oxygen therapy is needed<\/li>\n
    • Describe the management of\u00a0hypoxia<\/li>\n
    • List hazards, precautions, and complications of oxygen therapy<\/li>\n
    • Describe how to perform oral suctioning<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"menu_order":1,"template":"","meta":{"pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-2246","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry"],"part":2226,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/clinicalskills\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/2246","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/clinicalskills\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/clinicalskills\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/clinicalskills\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"version-history":[{"count":25,"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/clinicalskills\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/2246\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9913,"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/clinicalskills\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/2246\/revisions\/9913"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/clinicalskills\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/2226"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/clinicalskills\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/2246\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/clinicalskills\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2246"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/clinicalskills\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=2246"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/clinicalskills\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=2246"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/clinicalskills\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=2246"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}