{"id":331,"date":"2014-06-19T16:26:50","date_gmt":"2014-06-19T16:26:50","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/englishliterature\/?post_type=chapter&#038;p=331"},"modified":"2014-10-17T17:56:43","modified_gmt":"2014-10-17T17:56:43","slug":"easter-1916","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/englishliterature\/chapter\/easter-1916\/","title":{"raw":"Easter, 1916","rendered":"Easter, 1916"},"content":{"raw":"[footnote]On Easter Monday, April 24, 1916, a paramilitary group of Irish republicans occupied central Dublin and proclaimed Ireland independent of Great Britain. The British government regained control within the week, and, ultimately charged the republican leaders with treason. They were tried quickly and executed, compounding rather than solving the problem, in that many moderate republicans were outraged and radicalized.\u00a0Yeats was among them.\u00a0His bewildered new perspective is expressed in the poem\u2019s famous refrain, \u201cA terrible beauty is born.\u201d\u00a0He knew many of the revolutionary leaders, including Maud Gonne\u2019s estranged husband whom he despised, as \u201cA drunken vainglorious lout,\u201d but whom he nevertheless acknowledges in this poem.[\/footnote]\r\n\r\nI have met them at close of day\r\nComing with vivid faces\r\nFrom counter or desk among grey\r\nEighteenth-century houses.\r\nI have passed with a nod of the head\r\nOr polite meaningless words,\r\nOr have lingered awhile and said\r\nPolite meaningless words,\r\nAnd thought before I had done\r\nOf a mocking tale or a gibe\r\nTo please a companion\r\nAround the fire at the club,\r\nBeing certain that they and I\r\nBut lived where motley[footnote]Colourful, often ragged clothing worn by a court jester.[\/footnote]\u00a0is worn:\r\nAll changed, changed utterly:\r\nA terrible beauty is born.\r\n\r\nThat woman's[footnote]Constance Gore-Booth (1868-1927), the only woman among the revolutionary and the only one spared execution, sentenced instead to a long prison sentence, later commuted.[\/footnote]\u00a0days were spent\r\nIn ignorant good-will,\r\nHer nights in argument\r\nUntil her voice grew shrill.\r\nWhat voice more sweet than hers\r\nWhen, young and beautiful,\r\nShe rode to harriers?\r\nThis man[footnote]Padraic Pearse (1879-1916), a teacher and a poet.[\/footnote]\u00a0had kept a school\r\nAnd rode our winged horse[footnote]Pegasus, the winged horse, upon whom rode the poets\u2019 muse.[\/footnote];\r\nThis other his helper and friend[footnote]Thomas MacDonagh (1878-1916), Yeats's fellow poet and dramatist.[\/footnote]\r\n<\/a>Was coming into his force;\r\nHe might have won fame in the end,\r\nSo sensitive his nature seemed,\r\nSo daring and sweet his thought.\r\nThis other man I had dreamed\r\nA drunken, vainglorious lout[footnote]John MacBride, Irish Republican Army major, whom Yeats despised because he had married and abused Maud before she left him.[\/footnote].\r\nHe had done most bitter wrong\r\nTo some who are near my heart,\r\nYet I number him in the song;\r\nHe, too, has resigned his part\r\nIn the casual comedy;\r\nHe, too, has been changed in his turn,\r\nTransformed utterly:\r\nA terrible beauty is born.\r\n\r\nHearts with one purpose alone\r\nThrough summer and winter seem\r\nEnchanted to a stone\r\nTo trouble the living stream.\r\nThe horse that comes from the road.\r\nThe rider, the birds that range\r\nFrom cloud to tumbling cloud,\r\nMinute by minute they change;\r\nA shadow of cloud on the stream\r\nChanges minute by minute;\r\nA horse-hoof slides on the brim,\r\nAnd a horse plashes within it;\r\nThe long-legged moor-hens dive,\r\nAnd hens to moor-cocks call;\r\nMinute by minute they live:\r\nThe stone's in the midst of all.\r\n\r\nToo long a sacrifice\r\nCan make a stone of the heart.\r\nO when may it suffice?\r\nThat is Heaven's part, our part\r\nTo murmur name upon name,\r\nAs a mother names her child\r\nWhen sleep at last has come\r\nOn limbs that had run wild.\r\nWhat is it but nightfall?\r\nNo, no, not night but death;\r\nWas it needless death after all?\r\nFor England may keep faith[footnote]That is,\u00a0may grant independence to Ireland, as Britain finally did in 1921.[\/footnote]\r\n<\/a>For all that is done and said.\r\nWe know their dream; enough\r\nTo know they dreamed and are dead;\r\nAnd what if excess of love\r\nBewildered them till they died?\r\nI write it out in a verse \u2014\r\nMacDonagh and MacBride\r\nAnd Connolly[footnote]James Connolly (1870-1916), prominent trade unionist, one of the rebellion\u2019s paramilitary commanders.[\/footnote]\u00a0and Pearse\r\nNow and in time to be,\r\nWherever green is worn,\r\nAre changed, changed utterly:\r\nA terrible beauty is born.\r\n\r\n<b>\u2014<\/b>\u00a01921","rendered":"<p><a class=\"footnote\" title=\"On Easter Monday, April 24, 1916, a paramilitary group of Irish republicans occupied central Dublin and proclaimed Ireland independent of Great Britain. The British government regained control within the week, and, ultimately charged the republican leaders with treason. They were tried quickly and executed, compounding rather than solving the problem, in that many moderate republicans were outraged and radicalized.\u00a0Yeats was among them.\u00a0His bewildered new perspective is expressed in the poem\u2019s famous refrain, \u201cA terrible beauty is born.\u201d\u00a0He knew many of the revolutionary leaders, including Maud Gonne\u2019s estranged husband whom he despised, as \u201cA drunken vainglorious lout,\u201d but whom he nevertheless acknowledges in this poem.\" id=\"return-footnote-331-1\" href=\"#footnote-331-1\" aria-label=\"Footnote 1\"><sup class=\"footnote\">[1]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n<p>I have met them at close of day<br \/>\nComing with vivid faces<br \/>\nFrom counter or desk among grey<br \/>\nEighteenth-century houses.<br \/>\nI have passed with a nod of the head<br \/>\nOr polite meaningless words,<br \/>\nOr have lingered awhile and said<br \/>\nPolite meaningless words,<br \/>\nAnd thought before I had done<br \/>\nOf a mocking tale or a gibe<br \/>\nTo please a companion<br \/>\nAround the fire at the club,<br \/>\nBeing certain that they and I<br \/>\nBut lived where motley<a class=\"footnote\" title=\"Colourful, often ragged clothing worn by a court jester.\" id=\"return-footnote-331-2\" href=\"#footnote-331-2\" aria-label=\"Footnote 2\"><sup class=\"footnote\">[2]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0is worn:<br \/>\nAll changed, changed utterly:<br \/>\nA terrible beauty is born.<\/p>\n<p>That woman&#8217;s<a class=\"footnote\" title=\"Constance Gore-Booth (1868-1927), the only woman among the revolutionary and the only one spared execution, sentenced instead to a long prison sentence, later commuted.\" id=\"return-footnote-331-3\" href=\"#footnote-331-3\" aria-label=\"Footnote 3\"><sup class=\"footnote\">[3]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0days were spent<br \/>\nIn ignorant good-will,<br \/>\nHer nights in argument<br \/>\nUntil her voice grew shrill.<br \/>\nWhat voice more sweet than hers<br \/>\nWhen, young and beautiful,<br \/>\nShe rode to harriers?<br \/>\nThis man<a class=\"footnote\" title=\"Padraic Pearse (1879-1916), a teacher and a poet.\" id=\"return-footnote-331-4\" href=\"#footnote-331-4\" aria-label=\"Footnote 4\"><sup class=\"footnote\">[4]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0had kept a school<br \/>\nAnd rode our winged horse<a class=\"footnote\" title=\"Pegasus, the winged horse, upon whom rode the poets\u2019 muse.\" id=\"return-footnote-331-5\" href=\"#footnote-331-5\" aria-label=\"Footnote 5\"><sup class=\"footnote\">[5]<\/sup><\/a>;<br \/>\nThis other his helper and friend<a class=\"footnote\" title=\"Thomas MacDonagh (1878-1916), Yeats's fellow poet and dramatist.\" id=\"return-footnote-331-6\" href=\"#footnote-331-6\" aria-label=\"Footnote 6\"><sup class=\"footnote\">[6]<\/sup><\/a><br \/>\nWas coming into his force;<br \/>\nHe might have won fame in the end,<br \/>\nSo sensitive his nature seemed,<br \/>\nSo daring and sweet his thought.<br \/>\nThis other man I had dreamed<br \/>\nA drunken, vainglorious lout<a class=\"footnote\" title=\"John MacBride, Irish Republican Army major, whom Yeats despised because he had married and abused Maud before she left him.\" id=\"return-footnote-331-7\" href=\"#footnote-331-7\" aria-label=\"Footnote 7\"><sup class=\"footnote\">[7]<\/sup><\/a>.<br \/>\nHe had done most bitter wrong<br \/>\nTo some who are near my heart,<br \/>\nYet I number him in the song;<br \/>\nHe, too, has resigned his part<br \/>\nIn the casual comedy;<br \/>\nHe, too, has been changed in his turn,<br \/>\nTransformed utterly:<br \/>\nA terrible beauty is born.<\/p>\n<p>Hearts with one purpose alone<br \/>\nThrough summer and winter seem<br \/>\nEnchanted to a stone<br \/>\nTo trouble the living stream.<br \/>\nThe horse that comes from the road.<br \/>\nThe rider, the birds that range<br \/>\nFrom cloud to tumbling cloud,<br \/>\nMinute by minute they change;<br \/>\nA shadow of cloud on the stream<br \/>\nChanges minute by minute;<br \/>\nA horse-hoof slides on the brim,<br \/>\nAnd a horse plashes within it;<br \/>\nThe long-legged moor-hens dive,<br \/>\nAnd hens to moor-cocks call;<br \/>\nMinute by minute they live:<br \/>\nThe stone&#8217;s in the midst of all.<\/p>\n<p>Too long a sacrifice<br \/>\nCan make a stone of the heart.<br \/>\nO when may it suffice?<br \/>\nThat is Heaven&#8217;s part, our part<br \/>\nTo murmur name upon name,<br \/>\nAs a mother names her child<br \/>\nWhen sleep at last has come<br \/>\nOn limbs that had run wild.<br \/>\nWhat is it but nightfall?<br \/>\nNo, no, not night but death;<br \/>\nWas it needless death after all?<br \/>\nFor England may keep faith<a class=\"footnote\" title=\"That is,\u00a0may grant independence to Ireland, as Britain finally did in 1921.\" id=\"return-footnote-331-8\" href=\"#footnote-331-8\" aria-label=\"Footnote 8\"><sup class=\"footnote\">[8]<\/sup><\/a><br \/>\nFor all that is done and said.<br \/>\nWe know their dream; enough<br \/>\nTo know they dreamed and are dead;<br \/>\nAnd what if excess of love<br \/>\nBewildered them till they died?<br \/>\nI write it out in a verse \u2014<br \/>\nMacDonagh and MacBride<br \/>\nAnd Connolly<a class=\"footnote\" title=\"James Connolly (1870-1916), prominent trade unionist, one of the rebellion\u2019s paramilitary commanders.\" id=\"return-footnote-331-9\" href=\"#footnote-331-9\" aria-label=\"Footnote 9\"><sup class=\"footnote\">[9]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0and Pearse<br \/>\nNow and in time to be,<br \/>\nWherever green is worn,<br \/>\nAre changed, changed utterly:<br \/>\nA terrible beauty is born.<\/p>\n<p><b>\u2014<\/b>\u00a01921<\/p>\n<hr class=\"before-footnotes clear\" \/><div class=\"footnotes\"><ol><li id=\"footnote-331-1\">On Easter Monday, April 24, 1916, a paramilitary group of Irish republicans occupied central Dublin and proclaimed Ireland independent of Great Britain. The British government regained control within the week, and, ultimately charged the republican leaders with treason. They were tried quickly and executed, compounding rather than solving the problem, in that many moderate republicans were outraged and radicalized.\u00a0Yeats was among them.\u00a0His bewildered new perspective is expressed in the poem\u2019s famous refrain, \u201cA terrible beauty is born.\u201d\u00a0He knew many of the revolutionary leaders, including Maud Gonne\u2019s estranged husband whom he despised, as \u201cA drunken vainglorious lout,\u201d but whom he nevertheless acknowledges in this poem. <a href=\"#return-footnote-331-1\" class=\"return-footnote\" aria-label=\"Return to footnote 1\">&crarr;<\/a><\/li><li id=\"footnote-331-2\">Colourful, often ragged clothing worn by a court jester. <a href=\"#return-footnote-331-2\" class=\"return-footnote\" aria-label=\"Return to footnote 2\">&crarr;<\/a><\/li><li id=\"footnote-331-3\">Constance Gore-Booth (1868-1927), the only woman among the revolutionary and the only one spared execution, sentenced instead to a long prison sentence, later commuted. <a href=\"#return-footnote-331-3\" class=\"return-footnote\" aria-label=\"Return to footnote 3\">&crarr;<\/a><\/li><li id=\"footnote-331-4\">Padraic Pearse (1879-1916), a teacher and a poet. <a href=\"#return-footnote-331-4\" class=\"return-footnote\" aria-label=\"Return to footnote 4\">&crarr;<\/a><\/li><li id=\"footnote-331-5\">Pegasus, the winged horse, upon whom rode the poets\u2019 muse. <a href=\"#return-footnote-331-5\" class=\"return-footnote\" aria-label=\"Return to footnote 5\">&crarr;<\/a><\/li><li id=\"footnote-331-6\">Thomas MacDonagh (1878-1916), Yeats's fellow poet and dramatist. <a href=\"#return-footnote-331-6\" class=\"return-footnote\" aria-label=\"Return to footnote 6\">&crarr;<\/a><\/li><li id=\"footnote-331-7\">John MacBride, Irish Republican Army major, whom Yeats despised because he had married and abused Maud before she left him. <a href=\"#return-footnote-331-7\" class=\"return-footnote\" aria-label=\"Return to footnote 7\">&crarr;<\/a><\/li><li id=\"footnote-331-8\">That is,\u00a0may grant independence to Ireland, as Britain finally did in 1921. <a href=\"#return-footnote-331-8\" class=\"return-footnote\" aria-label=\"Return to footnote 8\">&crarr;<\/a><\/li><li id=\"footnote-331-9\">James Connolly (1870-1916), prominent trade unionist, one of the rebellion\u2019s paramilitary commanders. <a href=\"#return-footnote-331-9\" class=\"return-footnote\" aria-label=\"Return to footnote 9\">&crarr;<\/a><\/li><\/ol><\/div>","protected":false},"author":17,"menu_order":4,"template":"","meta":{"pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":["william-butler-yeats"],"pb_section_license":"public-domain"},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[54],"license":[78],"class_list":["post-331","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry","contributor-william-butler-yeats","license-public-domain"],"part":324,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/englishliterature\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/331","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/englishliterature\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/englishliterature\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/englishliterature\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/17"}],"version-history":[{"count":10,"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/englishliterature\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/331\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2408,"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/englishliterature\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/331\/revisions\/2408"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/englishliterature\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/324"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/englishliterature\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/331\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/englishliterature\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=331"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/englishliterature\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=331"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/englishliterature\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=331"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/englishliterature\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=331"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}