{"id":111,"date":"2014-06-13T19:40:33","date_gmt":"2014-06-13T19:40:33","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/geography\/?post_type=chapter&#038;p=111"},"modified":"2014-08-28T14:13:10","modified_gmt":"2014-08-28T21:13:10","slug":"5-4-case-studies","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/geography\/chapter\/5-4-case-studies\/","title":{"raw":"Case Study 1: The Gold Rush","rendered":"Case Study 1: The Gold Rush"},"content":{"raw":"[caption id=\"attachment_102\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"400\"]<a href=\"http:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/geography\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/34\/2014\/06\/BC-New_Eldorado-e1404947870961.jpg\"><img class=\"wp-image-102\" alt=\"Figure 1. BC as the new El Dorado by Peter Winkworth- Library and Archives Canada, Acc. No. R9266-3470 Peter Winkworth Collection of Canadian This image is available from Library and Archives Canada.\" src=\"http:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/geography\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/34\/2014\/06\/BC-New_Eldorado-e1404947870961.jpg\" height=\"290\" width=\"400\" \/><\/a> Figure 4.3 BC as the new El Dorado by Peter Winkworth Library and Archives Canada[\/caption]\r\n\r\nB<span style=\"background-color: #ffffff;\">ritish Columbia experienced\u00a0two big gold rushes, one in 1858 on the Fraser River and the other in 1862 in the Cariboo district, and a number of smaller gold rushes. In each, tens of thousands of men (and a few women) sailed north from California, where the gold rush was coming to an end,\u00a0to land in Esquimalt Harbour on Vancouver Island, not far from Fort Victoria. <\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"background-color: #ffffff;\">Every\u00a0miner had to\u00a0fist travel to\u00a0Victoria in order to obtain a license to prospect and pan for gold in BC, making the city a services hub for the mining industry. At that time,\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"background-color: #ffffff;\">Fort Victoria was tiny with about\u00a0500 immigrants living on southern Vancouver Island. Most of these were\u00a0Hudson's Bay Company employees, farmers and their families. Within two months of the news of the discovery of gold in 1858,\u00a0<\/span>the population grew to over 20,000. There was little infrastructure for all these new arrivals and\u00a0Fort Victoria became a tent city as miners camped while they purchased their mining licenses\u00a0and all their supplies.\r\n\r\n<span style=\"background-color: #ffffff;\">Although much of the historical documentation and focus is on the mining for gold during this time, it is also important to note that there was mining happening in other\u00a0areas, such as\u00a0c<\/span>oal, oil, natural gas, silver and\u00a0copper.\u00a0The expansion of all these other resources occurred after the 1960s when the technology for open pit mining was developed.\r\n<h2>Gold Rush Regions<\/h2>\r\nIf you are viewing this on the Web, you can use the interactive map here\u00a0to learn a little more on each of the regions around BC where gold was discovered and prospecting took place. If you are reading this book in print, the static map shows the regions in a standard map.\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><iframe src=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/maps\/ms?msa=0&amp;msid=206001999525231667103.0004fb997745c1087bebd&amp;hl=en&amp;ie=UTF8&amp;t=m&amp;source=embed&amp;ll=55.002826,-125.332031&amp;spn=12.628107,30.717773&amp;z=5&amp;output=embed\" width=\"700\" height=\"500\"><\/iframe>\r\n<small>View <a style=\"color: #0000ff; text-align: left;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/maps\/ms?msa=0&amp;msid=206001999525231667103.0004fb997745c1087bebd&amp;hl=en&amp;ie=UTF8&amp;t=m&amp;source=embed&amp;ll=55.002826,-125.332031&amp;spn=12.628107,30.717773&amp;z=5\">BC gold rush<\/a> in a larger map<\/small><\/p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"942\"]<a href=\"http:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/geography\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/34\/2014\/06\/siobhan_timeline_onePage-03.png\"><img alt=\"Gold Rush time line and location\" src=\"http:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/geography\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/34\/2014\/06\/siobhan_timeline_onePage-03.png\" height=\"1219\" width=\"942\" \/><\/a> Figure 4.4 British Columbia gold rush: Regions amd timeline[\/caption]\r\n<h2>Women and Chinese prospectors during BC's Gold Rush<\/h2>\r\n<h3>Women<\/h3>\r\nWomen played an important role in the era of the gold rush.\u00a0Many women prospectors searched the rivers of BC alongside the men or indeed with their husbands or family. But it was the lack of women that also factored into this era.\u00a0During the earlier periods of the gold rush,\u00a0there were\u00a0<span style=\"background-color: #ffffff;\">so few women in the towns\u00a0 that brides were sent for from other parts of the world. An example is the Anglican minister in Lillooet, Robert C. Brown, who initiated the Columbia Emigration Society with its sole\u00a0purpose being to arrange for young women from England to be sent to the Cariboo as potential brides for the miners!<\/span>\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_104\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"400\"]<a href=\"http:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/geography\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/34\/2014\/06\/b3006d00-9a14-4991-bd6b-765aa9db0310-A72954-e1404947531958.jpg\"><img class=\"wp-image-104\" alt=\"Figure 3. Women panning for Gold by Louis Denison Taylor is in the public domain (source: http:\/\/searcharchives.vancouver.ca\/woman-panning-for-gold)\" src=\"http:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/geography\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/34\/2014\/06\/b3006d00-9a14-4991-bd6b-765aa9db0310-A72954-e1404947531958.jpg\" height=\"391\" width=\"400\" \/><\/a> Figure 4.5 Woman panning for Gold by Louis Denison Taylor[\/caption]\r\n<h3>Chinese Prospectors<\/h3>\r\nDuring the Cariboo gold rush the first Chinese community was established in Canada in Barkerville. Discrimination toward Asians prevented\u00a0the Chinese from\u00a0prospecting anywhere\u00a0other than on abandoned sites, and so they did not make as much money as the white prospectors. Despite this discrimination, the Chinese community thrived by providing many of the required services to the 20,000 prospectors who\u00a0came into the Barkerville region in the 1860s, including\u00a0operating grocery stores and restaurants. At the height of the gold rush there were as many as 5,000 Chinese living there.\r\n\r\nDuring both the Fraser and Cariboo gold rushes, Chinese immigrants also landed in Fort Victoria, having moved from California to escape the discrimination there, and once the gold rush was over, many stayed on.\u00a0In Victoria,\u00a0the Chinese started import businesses and worked as small merchants, building\u00a0a strong community in the city. The first Chinatown in Canada was founded in Victoria in the 1850s, and by the end of the 1860s there were approximately 7,000 Chinese living in British Columbia.\r\n<h2>First Nations during BC's Gold Rush<\/h2>\r\nIn historical accounts of\u00a0BC's gold rush, First Nations peoples of the area are overlooked, but they certainly played\u00a0an important role.\r\n\r\nThe Aboriginal residents were essential to the prospectors, providing them with goods such as\u00a0canoes and food, and services such as guides and translators. Both Aboriginals and prospectors\u00a0benefited from the relationship a\u00a0the\u00a0Aboriginals wanted to trade and the prospectors needed the goods and access to local knowledge.\r\n\r\nAs the number of prospectors increased in the rush to find gold, their own local knowledge grew\u00a0and\u00a0the initial mutually beneficial relationship began to collapse. As time went on First Nations people were marginalized\u00a0and even terrorized on their own lands.\r\n\r\nThe photograph from 1898 in Figure 4 shows the contrast between\u00a0the buildings in Vancouver in the background and\u00a0First Nations peoples attempting to maintain their livelihood on their territory.\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_105\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"400\"]<a href=\"http:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/geography\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/34\/2014\/06\/5d924a17-bed7-4549-a32d-87b560223f70-A09221_141.jpg\"><img class=\"wp-image-105\" alt=\"Figure 4. First Nations people camped on Alexander Street beach at foot of Columbia Street by Major James Skitt Matthews (http:\/\/searcharchives.vancouver.ca\/first-nations-people-camped-on-alexander-street-beach-at-foot-of-columbia-street) is in the public domain (http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Public_domain)\" src=\"http:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/geography\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/34\/2014\/06\/5d924a17-bed7-4549-a32d-87b560223f70-A09221_141.jpg\" height=\"305\" width=\"400\" \/><\/a> Figure 4.6 First Nations people camped on Alexander Street beach at foot of Columbia Street by Major James Skitt Matthews, 1898[\/caption]\r\n<h2>\u00a0Attributions<\/h2>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li><strong>Figure 4.3<\/strong> BC as the new El Dorado by Peter Winkworth- Library and Archives Canada, Acc. No. R9266-3470 Peter Winkworth Collection of Canadian This image is in the Public Domain and is available from Library and Archives Canada (<a href=\"http:\/\/www.collectionscanada.gc.ca\/pam_archives\/public_mikan\/index.php?fuseaction=genitem.displayItem&amp;lang=eng&amp;rec_nbr=3022666&amp;rec_nbr_list=3022666\" target=\"_blank\">http:\/\/www.collectionscanada.gc.ca\/pam_archives\/public_mikan\/index.php?fuseaction=genitem.displayItem&amp;lang=eng&amp;rec_nbr=3022666&amp;rec_nbr_list=3022666<\/a>).<\/li>\r\n\t<li><strong>Figure 4.4<\/strong> British Columbia gold rush: Regions and timeline created by Hilda Anggraeni<\/li>\r\n\t<li><strong>Figure 4.5<\/strong> Women panning for Gold by Louis Denison Taylor is in the Public Domain (source: <a href=\"http:\/\/searcharchives.vancouver.ca\/woman-panning-for-gold\" target=\"_blank\">http:\/\/searcharchives.vancouver.ca\/woman-panning-for-gold<\/a>)<\/li>\r\n\t<li><strong>Figure 4.6<\/strong> First Nations people camped on Alexander Street beach at foot of Columbia Street by Major James Skitt Matthews is in the Public Domain (source: <a href=\"http:\/\/searcharchives.vancouver.ca\/first-nations-people-camped-on-alexander-street-beach-at-foot-of-columbia-street\" target=\"_blank\">http:\/\/searcharchives.vancouver.ca\/first-nations-people-camped-on-alexander-street-beach-at-foot-of-columbia-street<\/a>)<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>","rendered":"<figure id=\"attachment_102\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-102\" style=\"width: 400px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/geography\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/34\/2014\/06\/BC-New_Eldorado-e1404947870961.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-102\" alt=\"Figure 1. BC as the new El Dorado by Peter Winkworth- Library and Archives Canada, Acc. No. R9266-3470 Peter Winkworth Collection of Canadian This image is available from Library and Archives Canada.\" src=\"http:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/geography\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/34\/2014\/06\/BC-New_Eldorado-e1404947870961.jpg\" height=\"290\" width=\"400\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-102\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Figure 4.3 BC as the new El Dorado by Peter Winkworth Library and Archives Canada<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>B<span style=\"background-color: #ffffff;\">ritish Columbia experienced\u00a0two big gold rushes, one in 1858 on the Fraser River and the other in 1862 in the Cariboo district, and a number of smaller gold rushes. In each, tens of thousands of men (and a few women) sailed north from California, where the gold rush was coming to an end,\u00a0to land in Esquimalt Harbour on Vancouver Island, not far from Fort Victoria. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"background-color: #ffffff;\">Every\u00a0miner had to\u00a0fist travel to\u00a0Victoria in order to obtain a license to prospect and pan for gold in BC, making the city a services hub for the mining industry. At that time,\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"background-color: #ffffff;\">Fort Victoria was tiny with about\u00a0500 immigrants living on southern Vancouver Island. Most of these were\u00a0Hudson&#8217;s Bay Company employees, farmers and their families. Within two months of the news of the discovery of gold in 1858,\u00a0<\/span>the population grew to over 20,000. There was little infrastructure for all these new arrivals and\u00a0Fort Victoria became a tent city as miners camped while they purchased their mining licenses\u00a0and all their supplies.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"background-color: #ffffff;\">Although much of the historical documentation and focus is on the mining for gold during this time, it is also important to note that there was mining happening in other\u00a0areas, such as\u00a0c<\/span>oal, oil, natural gas, silver and\u00a0copper.\u00a0The expansion of all these other resources occurred after the 1960s when the technology for open pit mining was developed.<\/p>\n<h2>Gold Rush Regions<\/h2>\n<p>If you are viewing this on the Web, you can use the interactive map here\u00a0to learn a little more on each of the regions around BC where gold was discovered and prospecting took place. If you are reading this book in print, the static map shows the regions in a standard map.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/maps\/ms?msa=0&amp;msid=206001999525231667103.0004fb997745c1087bebd&amp;hl=en&amp;ie=UTF8&amp;t=m&amp;source=embed&amp;ll=55.002826,-125.332031&amp;spn=12.628107,30.717773&amp;z=5&amp;output=embed\" width=\"700\" height=\"500\"><\/iframe><br \/>\n<small>View <a style=\"color: #0000ff; text-align: left;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/maps\/ms?msa=0&amp;msid=206001999525231667103.0004fb997745c1087bebd&amp;hl=en&amp;ie=UTF8&amp;t=m&amp;source=embed&amp;ll=55.002826,-125.332031&amp;spn=12.628107,30.717773&amp;z=5\">BC gold rush<\/a> in a larger map<\/small><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<figure style=\"width: 942px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/geography\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/34\/2014\/06\/siobhan_timeline_onePage-03.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Gold Rush time line and location\" src=\"http:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/geography\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/34\/2014\/06\/siobhan_timeline_onePage-03.png\" height=\"1219\" width=\"942\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Figure 4.4 British Columbia gold rush: Regions amd timeline<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2>Women and Chinese prospectors during BC&#8217;s Gold Rush<\/h2>\n<h3>Women<\/h3>\n<p>Women played an important role in the era of the gold rush.\u00a0Many women prospectors searched the rivers of BC alongside the men or indeed with their husbands or family. But it was the lack of women that also factored into this era.\u00a0During the earlier periods of the gold rush,\u00a0there were\u00a0<span style=\"background-color: #ffffff;\">so few women in the towns\u00a0 that brides were sent for from other parts of the world. An example is the Anglican minister in Lillooet, Robert C. Brown, who initiated the Columbia Emigration Society with its sole\u00a0purpose being to arrange for young women from England to be sent to the Cariboo as potential brides for the miners!<\/span><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_104\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-104\" style=\"width: 400px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/geography\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/34\/2014\/06\/b3006d00-9a14-4991-bd6b-765aa9db0310-A72954-e1404947531958.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-104\" alt=\"Figure 3. Women panning for Gold by Louis Denison Taylor is in the public domain (source: http:\/\/searcharchives.vancouver.ca\/woman-panning-for-gold)\" src=\"http:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/geography\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/34\/2014\/06\/b3006d00-9a14-4991-bd6b-765aa9db0310-A72954-e1404947531958.jpg\" height=\"391\" width=\"400\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-104\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Figure 4.5 Woman panning for Gold by Louis Denison Taylor<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h3>Chinese Prospectors<\/h3>\n<p>During the Cariboo gold rush the first Chinese community was established in Canada in Barkerville. Discrimination toward Asians prevented\u00a0the Chinese from\u00a0prospecting anywhere\u00a0other than on abandoned sites, and so they did not make as much money as the white prospectors. Despite this discrimination, the Chinese community thrived by providing many of the required services to the 20,000 prospectors who\u00a0came into the Barkerville region in the 1860s, including\u00a0operating grocery stores and restaurants. At the height of the gold rush there were as many as 5,000 Chinese living there.<\/p>\n<p>During both the Fraser and Cariboo gold rushes, Chinese immigrants also landed in Fort Victoria, having moved from California to escape the discrimination there, and once the gold rush was over, many stayed on.\u00a0In Victoria,\u00a0the Chinese started import businesses and worked as small merchants, building\u00a0a strong community in the city. The first Chinatown in Canada was founded in Victoria in the 1850s, and by the end of the 1860s there were approximately 7,000 Chinese living in British Columbia.<\/p>\n<h2>First Nations during BC&#8217;s Gold Rush<\/h2>\n<p>In historical accounts of\u00a0BC&#8217;s gold rush, First Nations peoples of the area are overlooked, but they certainly played\u00a0an important role.<\/p>\n<p>The Aboriginal residents were essential to the prospectors, providing them with goods such as\u00a0canoes and food, and services such as guides and translators. Both Aboriginals and prospectors\u00a0benefited from the relationship a\u00a0the\u00a0Aboriginals wanted to trade and the prospectors needed the goods and access to local knowledge.<\/p>\n<p>As the number of prospectors increased in the rush to find gold, their own local knowledge grew\u00a0and\u00a0the initial mutually beneficial relationship began to collapse. As time went on First Nations people were marginalized\u00a0and even terrorized on their own lands.<\/p>\n<p>The photograph from 1898 in Figure 4 shows the contrast between\u00a0the buildings in Vancouver in the background and\u00a0First Nations peoples attempting to maintain their livelihood on their territory.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_105\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-105\" style=\"width: 400px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/geography\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/34\/2014\/06\/5d924a17-bed7-4549-a32d-87b560223f70-A09221_141.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-105\" alt=\"Figure 4. First Nations people camped on Alexander Street beach at foot of Columbia Street by Major James Skitt Matthews (http:\/\/searcharchives.vancouver.ca\/first-nations-people-camped-on-alexander-street-beach-at-foot-of-columbia-street) is in the public domain (http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Public_domain)\" src=\"http:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/geography\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/34\/2014\/06\/5d924a17-bed7-4549-a32d-87b560223f70-A09221_141.jpg\" height=\"305\" width=\"400\" srcset=\"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/geography\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/34\/2014\/06\/5d924a17-bed7-4549-a32d-87b560223f70-A09221_141.jpg 480w, https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/geography\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/34\/2014\/06\/5d924a17-bed7-4549-a32d-87b560223f70-A09221_141-300x228.jpg 300w, https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/geography\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/34\/2014\/06\/5d924a17-bed7-4549-a32d-87b560223f70-A09221_141-65x49.jpg 65w, https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/geography\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/34\/2014\/06\/5d924a17-bed7-4549-a32d-87b560223f70-A09221_141-225x171.jpg 225w, https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/geography\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/34\/2014\/06\/5d924a17-bed7-4549-a32d-87b560223f70-A09221_141-350x266.jpg 350w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-105\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Figure 4.6 First Nations people camped on Alexander Street beach at foot of Columbia Street by Major James Skitt Matthews, 1898<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2>\u00a0Attributions<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Figure 4.3<\/strong> BC as the new El Dorado by Peter Winkworth- Library and Archives Canada, Acc. No. R9266-3470 Peter Winkworth Collection of Canadian This image is in the Public Domain and is available from Library and Archives Canada (<a href=\"http:\/\/www.collectionscanada.gc.ca\/pam_archives\/public_mikan\/index.php?fuseaction=genitem.displayItem&amp;lang=eng&amp;rec_nbr=3022666&amp;rec_nbr_list=3022666\" target=\"_blank\">http:\/\/www.collectionscanada.gc.ca\/pam_archives\/public_mikan\/index.php?fuseaction=genitem.displayItem&amp;lang=eng&amp;rec_nbr=3022666&amp;rec_nbr_list=3022666<\/a>).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Figure 4.4<\/strong> British Columbia gold rush: Regions and timeline created by Hilda Anggraeni<\/li>\n<li><strong>Figure 4.5<\/strong> Women panning for Gold by Louis Denison Taylor is in the Public Domain (source: <a href=\"http:\/\/searcharchives.vancouver.ca\/woman-panning-for-gold\" target=\"_blank\">http:\/\/searcharchives.vancouver.ca\/woman-panning-for-gold<\/a>)<\/li>\n<li><strong>Figure 4.6<\/strong> First Nations people camped on Alexander Street beach at foot of Columbia Street by Major James Skitt Matthews is in the Public Domain (source: <a href=\"http:\/\/searcharchives.vancouver.ca\/first-nations-people-camped-on-alexander-street-beach-at-foot-of-columbia-street\" target=\"_blank\">http:\/\/searcharchives.vancouver.ca\/first-nations-people-camped-on-alexander-street-beach-at-foot-of-columbia-street<\/a>)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"author":37,"menu_order":4,"template":"","meta":{"pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-111","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry"],"part":241,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/geography\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/111","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/geography\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/geography\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/geography\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/37"}],"version-history":[{"count":24,"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/geography\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/111\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1224,"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/geography\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/111\/revisions\/1224"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/geography\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/241"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/geography\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/111\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/geography\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=111"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/geography\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=111"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/geography\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=111"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/geography\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=111"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}