{"id":132,"date":"2014-06-13T19:40:42","date_gmt":"2014-06-13T19:40:42","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/geography\/?post_type=chapter&#038;p=132"},"modified":"2014-08-15T13:07:38","modified_gmt":"2014-08-15T20:07:38","slug":"6-5-confronting-the-frontiers","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/geography\/chapter\/6-5-confronting-the-frontiers\/","title":{"raw":"Confronting the Frontiers","rendered":"Confronting the Frontiers"},"content":{"raw":"The contemporary food system has pushed the edge of agriculture in many ways. The expansion of agriculture in tandem with rapid population growth and urbanization has led to many agriculture-urban conflicts. The case study on the Agricultural Land Reserve details policy responses to these agricultural-urban conflicts.\r\n\r\nIn addition, recent concern over the geographic expansion of genetically engineered agricultural products (or genetically modified organisms; GMOs) such as alfalfa and the <strong class=\"Bold\">Arctic apple<\/strong> have led to protests for labelling foods and for applying the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/food\/food\/foodlaw\/precautionary\/index_en.htm\">Precautionary Principle<\/a> (a principle that should be applied to the use of genetically modified (GM) food crops concerning human health) to further adoption in order to limit impacts on organic farms.\r\n\r\nThe increased attention to food system issues in BC has led to a number of political and social trends aimed at changing our understanding of food systems:\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li>The <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_100-Mile_Diet\"><strong class=\"Bold\">100-mile diet<\/strong><\/a>,[footnote]100 Mile Diet <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_100-Mile_Diet\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_100-Mile_Diet<\/a>[\/footnote] which originated in the Lower Mainland, challenges adopters to eat locally (within 100 miles of their home).<\/li>\r\n\t<li>There is\u00a0increasing attention on providing better access to seed sources and a variety of seeds through local seed companies.<\/li>\r\n\t<li>The number of organic\u00a0producers has increased over the last 20 years.<\/li>\r\n\t<li>Province-wide food organizations such as the <strong class=\"Bold\"><a href=\"http:\/\/bcfsn.org\/\" target=\"_blank\">BC Food Systems Network<\/a> (BCFSN)<\/strong>[footnote]BC Food Systems Network <a href=\"http:\/\/bcfsn.org\" target=\"_blank\">http:\/\/bcfsn.org <\/a>[\/footnote] and more local food policy councils challenge municipal governments to adopt strategies and plans to support local food security - often through support for urban agriculture.<\/li>\r\n\t<li>The movement toward urban agriculture has led to some innovative work in social justice by organizations such as <strong class=\"Bold\">Sole Foods\u00a0<\/strong>\u00a0[footnote]Sole Foods website <a href=\"http:\/\/solefoodfarms.com\" target=\"_blank\">http:\/\/solefoodfarms.com<\/a>[\/footnote] and small entrepreneurs engaged in alternative production methods such as <strong class=\"Bold\">SPIN-farming (s-mall p-lot in-tensive)<\/strong>.<\/li>\r\n\t<li>Groups such\u00a0the <a href=\"http:\/\/youngagrarians.org\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong class=\"Bold\">Young Agrarians<\/strong><\/a>[footnote]Young Agrarians website <a href=\"http:\/\/youngagrarians.org\" target=\"_blank\">http:\/\/youngagrarians.org<\/a>[\/footnote] seek alternative ways for young people to access farmland in those\u00a0regions where access is difficult because of\u00a0the high cost of entry (due to\u00a0both limited amounts of land and speculative dynamics of land markets).<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>","rendered":"<p>The contemporary food system has pushed the edge of agriculture in many ways. The expansion of agriculture in tandem with rapid population growth and urbanization has led to many agriculture-urban conflicts. The case study on the Agricultural Land Reserve details policy responses to these agricultural-urban conflicts.<\/p>\n<p>In addition, recent concern over the geographic expansion of genetically engineered agricultural products (or genetically modified organisms; GMOs) such as alfalfa and the <strong class=\"Bold\">Arctic apple<\/strong> have led to protests for labelling foods and for applying the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/food\/food\/foodlaw\/precautionary\/index_en.htm\">Precautionary Principle<\/a> (a principle that should be applied to the use of genetically modified (GM) food crops concerning human health) to further adoption in order to limit impacts on organic farms.<\/p>\n<p>The increased attention to food system issues in BC has led to a number of political and social trends aimed at changing our understanding of food systems:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_100-Mile_Diet\"><strong class=\"Bold\">100-mile diet<\/strong><\/a>,<a class=\"footnote\" title=\"100 Mile Diet https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_100-Mile_Diet\" id=\"return-footnote-132-1\" href=\"#footnote-132-1\" aria-label=\"Footnote 1\"><sup class=\"footnote\">[1]<\/sup><\/a> which originated in the Lower Mainland, challenges adopters to eat locally (within 100 miles of their home).<\/li>\n<li>There is\u00a0increasing attention on providing better access to seed sources and a variety of seeds through local seed companies.<\/li>\n<li>The number of organic\u00a0producers has increased over the last 20 years.<\/li>\n<li>Province-wide food organizations such as the <strong class=\"Bold\"><a href=\"http:\/\/bcfsn.org\/\" target=\"_blank\">BC Food Systems Network<\/a> (BCFSN)<\/strong><a class=\"footnote\" title=\"BC Food Systems Network http:\/\/bcfsn.org\" id=\"return-footnote-132-2\" href=\"#footnote-132-2\" aria-label=\"Footnote 2\"><sup class=\"footnote\">[2]<\/sup><\/a> and more local food policy councils challenge municipal governments to adopt strategies and plans to support local food security &#8211; often through support for urban agriculture.<\/li>\n<li>The movement toward urban agriculture has led to some innovative work in social justice by organizations such as <strong class=\"Bold\">Sole Foods\u00a0<\/strong>\u00a0<a class=\"footnote\" title=\"Sole Foods website http:\/\/solefoodfarms.com\" id=\"return-footnote-132-3\" href=\"#footnote-132-3\" aria-label=\"Footnote 3\"><sup class=\"footnote\">[3]<\/sup><\/a> and small entrepreneurs engaged in alternative production methods such as <strong class=\"Bold\">SPIN-farming (s-mall p-lot in-tensive)<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li>Groups such\u00a0the <a href=\"http:\/\/youngagrarians.org\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong class=\"Bold\">Young Agrarians<\/strong><\/a><a class=\"footnote\" title=\"Young Agrarians website http:\/\/youngagrarians.org\" id=\"return-footnote-132-4\" href=\"#footnote-132-4\" aria-label=\"Footnote 4\"><sup class=\"footnote\">[4]<\/sup><\/a> seek alternative ways for young people to access farmland in those\u00a0regions where access is difficult because of\u00a0the high cost of entry (due to\u00a0both limited amounts of land and speculative dynamics of land markets).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr class=\"before-footnotes clear\" \/><div class=\"footnotes\"><ol><li id=\"footnote-132-1\">100 Mile Diet <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_100-Mile_Diet\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_100-Mile_Diet<\/a> <a href=\"#return-footnote-132-1\" class=\"return-footnote\" aria-label=\"Return to footnote 1\">&crarr;<\/a><\/li><li id=\"footnote-132-2\">BC Food Systems Network <a href=\"http:\/\/bcfsn.org\" target=\"_blank\">http:\/\/bcfsn.org <\/a> <a href=\"#return-footnote-132-2\" class=\"return-footnote\" aria-label=\"Return to footnote 2\">&crarr;<\/a><\/li><li id=\"footnote-132-3\">Sole Foods website <a href=\"http:\/\/solefoodfarms.com\" target=\"_blank\">http:\/\/solefoodfarms.com<\/a> <a href=\"#return-footnote-132-3\" class=\"return-footnote\" aria-label=\"Return to footnote 3\">&crarr;<\/a><\/li><li id=\"footnote-132-4\">Young Agrarians website <a href=\"http:\/\/youngagrarians.org\" target=\"_blank\">http:\/\/youngagrarians.org<\/a> <a href=\"#return-footnote-132-4\" class=\"return-footnote\" aria-label=\"Return to footnote 4\">&crarr;<\/a><\/li><\/ol><\/div>","protected":false},"author":37,"menu_order":4,"template":"","meta":{"pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-132","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry"],"part":242,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/geography\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/132","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/geography\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/geography\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/geography\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/37"}],"version-history":[{"count":10,"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/geography\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/132\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1165,"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/geography\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/132\/revisions\/1165"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/geography\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/242"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/geography\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/132\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/geography\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=132"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/geography\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=132"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/geography\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=132"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/geography\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=132"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}