{"id":162,"date":"2014-06-13T19:40:53","date_gmt":"2014-06-13T19:40:53","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/geography\/?post_type=chapter&#038;p=162"},"modified":"2014-08-12T14:56:27","modified_gmt":"2014-08-12T21:56:27","slug":"7-7-summary","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/geography\/chapter\/7-7-summary\/","title":{"raw":"Summary","rendered":"Summary"},"content":{"raw":"Forests\u00a0are\u00a0a vital part of the province's history and sustainable forestry\u00a0management is a essential part of a its\u00a0future. The forest industry relies primarily on coniferous trees to for domestic and export markets. Harvest occurs both in natural stands and industrially planted stands.\u00a0Within the province, reforestation is strictly regulated so that new forests mirror the diversity of natural forests\u00a0and support the sustainable harvest of commercially valuable timber. The goal of these\u00a0regulations\u00a0is to ensure that BC forests contain genetic diversity, an important element in maintaining ecosystem resilience. British Columbia uses a mix of over 20 different native tree species in its reforestation programs.\r\n\r\nThe current annual allowable cut (AAC) is 75 million cubic metres. Both timber and non-timber values are considered in calculating AACs. For example, the following factors are considered:\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li>\u00a0 No-cut buffer zones<\/li>\r\n\t<li>\u00a0 Insect\/fire\/disease losses<\/li>\r\n\t<li>\u00a0 Logging losses<\/li>\r\n\t<li>\u00a0 Operational constraints<\/li>\r\n\t<li>\u00a0 Environmental and wildlife considerations<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nTechnological advances in the logging industry have greatly affected the lumber production. Technology allowed mills to\u00a0switch from labour-intensive to capital-intensive entities, and all aspects of milling are now\u00a0automated for\u00a0debarking logs, saw milling, grading, and green chain (an assembly line of fresh cut timber).\u00a0Technological advances include:\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li>Transportation (railways, rafts, trucks, bulldozers)<\/li>\r\n\t<li>The donkey engine<\/li>\r\n\t<li>The mechanical spar pole<\/li>\r\n\t<li>The feller\u00a0buncher<\/li>\r\n\t<li>Hydraulic barkers and new band saws<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nGlobal demand in the 20th century introduced a greater need for pulp and paper mills. Mills rose throughout the region of BC in places such as Prince Rupert, Duncan Bay, Port Alberni, Marmac and Victoria.\r\n\r\nBC owns approximately over 90% of the forested land, which means that determining tenures and tax rates is important. Tenure is the way in which rights are held; tenure is not a right itself. Tenures in the region include:\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li>Tree farm licenses<\/li>\r\n\t<li>Public sustained yield units<\/li>\r\n\t<li>Forest licenses<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>","rendered":"<p>Forests\u00a0are\u00a0a vital part of the province&#8217;s history and sustainable forestry\u00a0management is a essential part of a its\u00a0future. The forest industry relies primarily on coniferous trees to for domestic and export markets. Harvest occurs both in natural stands and industrially planted stands.\u00a0Within the province, reforestation is strictly regulated so that new forests mirror the diversity of natural forests\u00a0and support the sustainable harvest of commercially valuable timber. The goal of these\u00a0regulations\u00a0is to ensure that BC forests contain genetic diversity, an important element in maintaining ecosystem resilience. British Columbia uses a mix of over 20 different native tree species in its reforestation programs.<\/p>\n<p>The current annual allowable cut (AAC) is 75 million cubic metres. Both timber and non-timber values are considered in calculating AACs. For example, the following factors are considered:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u00a0 No-cut buffer zones<\/li>\n<li>\u00a0 Insect\/fire\/disease losses<\/li>\n<li>\u00a0 Logging losses<\/li>\n<li>\u00a0 Operational constraints<\/li>\n<li>\u00a0 Environmental and wildlife considerations<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Technological advances in the logging industry have greatly affected the lumber production. Technology allowed mills to\u00a0switch from labour-intensive to capital-intensive entities, and all aspects of milling are now\u00a0automated for\u00a0debarking logs, saw milling, grading, and green chain (an assembly line of fresh cut timber).\u00a0Technological advances include:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Transportation (railways, rafts, trucks, bulldozers)<\/li>\n<li>The donkey engine<\/li>\n<li>The mechanical spar pole<\/li>\n<li>The feller\u00a0buncher<\/li>\n<li>Hydraulic barkers and new band saws<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Global demand in the 20th century introduced a greater need for pulp and paper mills. Mills rose throughout the region of BC in places such as Prince Rupert, Duncan Bay, Port Alberni, Marmac and Victoria.<\/p>\n<p>BC owns approximately over 90% of the forested land, which means that determining tenures and tax rates is important. Tenure is the way in which rights are held; tenure is not a right itself. Tenures in the region include:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Tree farm licenses<\/li>\n<li>Public sustained yield units<\/li>\n<li>Forest licenses<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"author":37,"menu_order":6,"template":"","meta":{"pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-162","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry"],"part":243,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/geography\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/162","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/geography\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/geography\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/geography\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/37"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/geography\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/162\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1111,"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/geography\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/162\/revisions\/1111"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/geography\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/243"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/geography\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/162\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/geography\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=162"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/geography\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=162"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/geography\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=162"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/geography\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=162"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}