{"id":96,"date":"2014-06-13T19:40:29","date_gmt":"2014-06-13T19:40:29","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/geography\/?post_type=chapter&p=96"},"modified":"2014-08-27T16:36:31","modified_gmt":"2014-08-27T23:36:31","slug":"4-8-key-terms","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/geography\/chapter\/4-8-key-terms\/","title":{"raw":"Key Terms","rendered":"Key Terms"},"content":{"raw":"
\r\n

Key Terms<\/h3>\r\nAboriginal:<\/strong> people who inhabited the land before the arrival of colonists.\u00a0Includes the distinct subgroups of Inuit, M\u00e9tis and First Nations peoples.\r\n\r\nAboriginal Healing Foundation:<\/strong>\u00a0 An Aboriginal-managed, national, Ottawa-based, not-for-profit private corporation established March 31, 1998,which was\u00a0provided with a one-time grant of $350 million by the federal government as part of Gathering Strength \u2014 Canada's Aboriginal Action Plan. The Aboriginal Healing Foundation was given an 11-year mandate, ending March 31, 2009, to encourage and support, through research and funding contributions, community-based Aboriginal-directed healing initiatives that\u00a0addressed the legacy of physical and sexual abuse suffered in Canada\u2019s Indian residential schools, including intergenerational impacts.\r\n\r\nAssimilation:\u00a0<\/strong>A process of social integration that requires adopting, by choice or necessity, the ways of a different and often hegemonic culture or society.\r\n\r\nBritish Columbia Treaty Process (BCTP):\u00a0<\/strong>A land claims negotiation process started in 1993 to resolve outstanding issues,\u00a0including claims to unextinguished Aboriginal rights,\u00a0with British Columbia's First Nations.\r\n\r\nConstitution Act, 1982\u00a0<\/strong>Section 35:\u00a0<\/strong>The section of the Canadian Constitution that \u00a0\"recognizes and affirms\" the existing Aboriginal and treaty rights in Canada. These rights protect the activities, practice or traditions that are integral to the distinct cultures of Aboriginal peoples. The treaty rights protect and enforce agreements between the Crown and the Aboriginal peoples. Section 35 also provides protection of Aboriginal title over\u00a0the use of land for traditional practices. These rights extend to Indian, Inuit and M\u00e9tis people.\r\n\r\nCultural genocide <\/strong>is the process of undermining, suppressing and ultimately eliminating native cultures (Sociology Index<\/a>).\r\n<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\nDouglas Treaties: <\/strong>Also known as the Vancouver Island Treaties or the Fort Victoria Treaties, a series of treaties signed between certain indigenous groups on Vancouver Island and the Colony of Vancouver Island.\r\n\r\nFirst Peoples Culture Council:\u00a0<\/strong>A First Nations-run Crown corporation with a mandate to support the revitalization of Aboriginal language, arts and culture in British Columbia. It\u00a0provides funding and resources to communities, monitors the status of First Nations languages and develops policy recommendations for First Nations leadership and government.\r\n\r\nGrease trails<\/strong>: Aboriginal trade routes\u00a0named after the oil produced from oolichan fish and extending from the coast inland.\r\n\r\nIndian Magna Carta<\/strong><\/span> Another term used by some scholars for the Royal Proclamation of 1763.\r\n\r\nModern treaty:<\/strong>\u00a0 A negotiated agreement that sets out clearly defined rights and responsibilities of First Nations and the federal and provincial governments over far-reaching matters.\r\n\r\nNisga'a agreement:\u00a0<\/strong> BC's first modern-day land treaty. It is\u00a0a comprehensive agreement that includes surface and subsurface rights, removal of Indian Act application, cash compensation, agreements around wildlife and\u00a0fisheries\u00a0and self-government provision.\r\n\r\nNumbered treaties:<\/strong>\u00a0A series of 11 treaties signed between the Aboriginal peoples in Canada and the reigning monarch of Canada (Victoria, Edward VII or George V) from 1871 to 1921.\r\n\r\nRegistered Indian Status:<\/strong> Under the Indian Act, means\u00a0being\u00a0eligible\u00a0for Indian status (i.e., registered Indians). The Indian Register is the official record identifying all Status Indians in Canada. https:\/\/www.aadnc-aandc.gc.ca\/eng\/1100100032472\/1100100032473<\/a>\r\n\r\nRoyal Proclamation of 1763<\/strong>: A\u00a0proclamation\u00a0that affirmed Aboriginal rights and title. Sometimes referred to as the\u00a0Indian Magna Carta<\/strong>. The proclamation is enshrined in the Constitution Act, 1982\u00a0in Section 25 (of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms) and has bearing on\u00a0Section 35 which provides constitutional protection for Aboriginal treaty rights.\u00a0While the proclamation now forms\u00a0the basis of many Aboriginal claims to land and resources in Canada, the historical implementation of the proclamation may have undermined the sovereignty of existing indigenous communities.\r\n<\/span>\r\nTruth and Reconciliation Commission:<\/strong>\u00a0A Commission organized by the federal government and Aboriginal people with a mandate to learn the truth about what happened in the residential schools and to inform all Canadians of those findings.\u00a0The Commission will rely on records held by those who operated and funded the schools, testimony from officials of the institutions that operated the schools and experiences reported by survivors, their families, communities and anyone personally affected by the residential school experience and its subsequent impacts.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n ","rendered":"
\n

Key Terms<\/h3>\n

Aboriginal:<\/strong> people who inhabited the land before the arrival of colonists.\u00a0Includes the distinct subgroups of Inuit, M\u00e9tis and First Nations peoples.<\/p>\n

Aboriginal Healing Foundation:<\/strong>\u00a0 An Aboriginal-managed, national, Ottawa-based, not-for-profit private corporation established March 31, 1998,which was\u00a0provided with a one-time grant of $350 million by the federal government as part of Gathering Strength \u2014 Canada’s Aboriginal Action Plan. The Aboriginal Healing Foundation was given an 11-year mandate, ending March 31, 2009, to encourage and support, through research and funding contributions, community-based Aboriginal-directed healing initiatives that\u00a0addressed the legacy of physical and sexual abuse suffered in Canada\u2019s Indian residential schools, including intergenerational impacts.<\/p>\n

Assimilation:\u00a0<\/strong>A process of social integration that requires adopting, by choice or necessity, the ways of a different and often hegemonic culture or society.<\/p>\n

British Columbia Treaty Process (BCTP):\u00a0<\/strong>A land claims negotiation process started in 1993 to resolve outstanding issues,\u00a0including claims to unextinguished Aboriginal rights,\u00a0with British Columbia’s First Nations.<\/p>\n

Constitution Act, 1982\u00a0<\/strong>Section 35:\u00a0<\/strong>The section of the Canadian Constitution that \u00a0“recognizes and affirms” the existing Aboriginal and treaty rights in Canada. These rights protect the activities, practice or traditions that are integral to the distinct cultures of Aboriginal peoples. The treaty rights protect and enforce agreements between the Crown and the Aboriginal peoples. Section 35 also provides protection of Aboriginal title over\u00a0the use of land for traditional practices. These rights extend to Indian, Inuit and M\u00e9tis people.<\/p>\n

Cultural genocide <\/strong>is the process of undermining, suppressing and ultimately eliminating native cultures (Sociology Index<\/a>).
\n<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Douglas Treaties: <\/strong>Also known as the Vancouver Island Treaties or the Fort Victoria Treaties, a series of treaties signed between certain indigenous groups on Vancouver Island and the Colony of Vancouver Island.<\/p>\n

First Peoples Culture Council:\u00a0<\/strong>A First Nations-run Crown corporation with a mandate to support the revitalization of Aboriginal language, arts and culture in British Columbia. It\u00a0provides funding and resources to communities, monitors the status of First Nations languages and develops policy recommendations for First Nations leadership and government.<\/p>\n

Grease trails<\/strong>: Aboriginal trade routes\u00a0named after the oil produced from oolichan fish and extending from the coast inland.<\/p>\n

Indian Magna Carta<\/strong><\/span> Another term used by some scholars for the Royal Proclamation of 1763.<\/p>\n

Modern treaty:<\/strong>\u00a0 A negotiated agreement that sets out clearly defined rights and responsibilities of First Nations and the federal and provincial governments over far-reaching matters.<\/p>\n

Nisga’a agreement:\u00a0<\/strong> BC’s first modern-day land treaty. It is\u00a0a comprehensive agreement that includes surface and subsurface rights, removal of Indian Act application, cash compensation, agreements around wildlife and\u00a0fisheries\u00a0and self-government provision.<\/p>\n

Numbered treaties:<\/strong>\u00a0A series of 11 treaties signed between the Aboriginal peoples in Canada and the reigning monarch of Canada (Victoria, Edward VII or George V) from 1871 to 1921.<\/p>\n

Registered Indian Status:<\/strong> Under the Indian Act, means\u00a0being\u00a0eligible\u00a0for Indian status (i.e., registered Indians). The Indian Register is the official record identifying all Status Indians in Canada. https:\/\/www.aadnc-aandc.gc.ca\/eng\/1100100032472\/1100100032473<\/a><\/p>\n

Royal Proclamation of 1763<\/strong>: A\u00a0proclamation\u00a0that affirmed Aboriginal rights and title. Sometimes referred to as the\u00a0Indian Magna Carta<\/strong>. The proclamation is enshrined in the Constitution Act, 1982\u00a0in Section 25 (of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms) and has bearing on\u00a0Section 35 which provides constitutional protection for Aboriginal treaty rights.\u00a0While the proclamation now forms\u00a0the basis of many Aboriginal claims to land and resources in Canada, the historical implementation of the proclamation may have undermined the sovereignty of existing indigenous communities.
\n<\/span>
\nTruth and Reconciliation Commission:<\/strong>\u00a0A Commission organized by the federal government and Aboriginal people with a mandate to learn the truth about what happened in the residential schools and to inform all Canadians of those findings.\u00a0The Commission will rely on records held by those who operated and funded the schools, testimony from officials of the institutions that operated the schools and experiences reported by survivors, their families, communities and anyone personally affected by the residential school experience and its subsequent impacts.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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