{"id":7318,"date":"2021-06-08T21:55:41","date_gmt":"2021-06-08T21:55:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/introductorychemistry\/chapter\/end-of-chapter-3-material\/"},"modified":"2021-09-22T18:41:21","modified_gmt":"2021-09-22T18:41:21","slug":"end-of-chapter-3-material","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/introductorychemistry\/chapter\/end-of-chapter-3-material\/","title":{"raw":"End-of-Chapter Material","rendered":"End-of-Chapter Material"},"content":{"raw":"
\r\n

Additional Exercises<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/header>\r\n

\r\n
    \r\n \t
  1. How many electrons does it take to make the mass of one proton?<\/li>\r\n \t
  2. How many protons does it take to make the mass of a neutron?<\/li>\r\n \t
  3. Dalton\u2019s initial version of the modern atomic theory says that all atoms of the same element are the same. Is this actually correct? Why or why not?<\/li>\r\n \t
  4. How are atoms of the same element the same? How are atoms of the same element different?<\/li>\r\n \t
  5. Give complete atomic symbols for the three known isotopes of hydrogen.<\/li>\r\n \t
  6. A rare isotope of helium has a single neutron in its nucleus. Write the complete atomic symbol of this isotope.<\/li>\r\n \t
  7. Use its place on the periodic table to determine if indium, In, atomic number 49, is a metal or a nonmetal.<\/li>\r\n \t
  8. Only a few atoms of astatine, At, atomic number 85, have been detected. On the basis of its position on the periodic table, would you expect it to be a metal or a nonmetal?<\/li>\r\n \t
  9. Americium-241 is a crucial part of many smoke detectors. How many neutrons are present in its nucleus?<\/li>\r\n \t
  10. Potassium-40 is a radioactive isotope of potassium that is present in the human body. How many neutrons are present in its nucleus?<\/li>\r\n \t
  11. Determine the atomic mass of ruthenium from the given abundance and mass data.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
    Isotope<\/th>\r\nAbundance<\/th>\r\nMass<\/th>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
    Ruthenium-96<\/td>\r\n5.54%<\/td>\r\n95.907 u<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
    Ruthenium-98<\/td>\r\n1.87%<\/td>\r\n97.905 u<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
    Ruthenium-99<\/td>\r\n12.76%<\/td>\r\n98.906 u<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
    Ruthenium-100<\/td>\r\n12.60%<\/td>\r\n99.904 u<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
    Ruthenium-101<\/td>\r\n17.06%<\/td>\r\n100.906 u<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
    Ruthenium-102<\/td>\r\n31.55%<\/td>\r\n101.904 u<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
    Ruthenium-104<\/td>\r\n18.62%<\/td>\r\n103.905 u<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t
  12. Determine the atomic mass of tellurium from the given abundance and mass data.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
    Isotope<\/th>\r\nAbundance<\/th>\r\nMass<\/th>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
    Tellurium-120<\/td>\r\n0.09%<\/td>\r\n119.904 u<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
    Tellurium-122<\/td>\r\n2.55%<\/td>\r\n121.903 u<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
    Tellurium-123<\/td>\r\n0.89%<\/td>\r\n122.904 u<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
    Tellurium-124<\/td>\r\n4.74%<\/td>\r\n123.903 u<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
    Tellurium-125<\/td>\r\n7.07%<\/td>\r\n124.904 u<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
    Tellurium-126<\/td>\r\n18.84%<\/td>\r\n125.903 u<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
    Tellurium-128<\/td>\r\n31.74%<\/td>\r\n127.904 u<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
    Tellurium-130<\/td>\r\n34.08%<\/td>\r\n129.906 u<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t
  13. One atomic mass unit has a mass of 1.6605 \u00d7 10\u221224<\/sup> g. What is the mass of one atom of sodium?<\/li>\r\n \t
  14. One atomic mass unit has a mass of 1.6605 \u00d7 10\u221224<\/sup> g. What is the mass of one atom of uranium?<\/li>\r\n \t
  15. One atomic mass unit has a mass of 1.6605 \u00d7 10\u221224<\/sup> g. What is the mass of one molecule of H2<\/sub>O?<\/li>\r\n \t
  16. One atomic mass unit has a mass of 1.6605 \u00d7 10\u221224<\/sup> g. What is the mass of one molecule of PF5<\/sub>?<\/li>\r\n \t
  17. From their positions on the periodic table, will Cu and I form a molecular compound or an ionic compound?<\/li>\r\n \t
  18. From their positions on the periodic table, will N and S form a molecular compound or an ionic compound?<\/li>\r\n \t
  19. Mercury is an unusual element in that when it takes a 1+ charge as a cation, it always exists as the diatomic ion.\r\n
      \r\n \t
    1. Propose a formula for the mercury(I) ion.<\/li>\r\n \t
    2. What is the formula of mercury(I) chloride?<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t
    3. Propose a formula for hydrogen peroxide, a substance used as a bleaching agent. (Curiously, this compound does not behave as an acid, despite its formula. It behaves more like a classic nonmetal-nonmetal, molecular compound.)<\/li>\r\n \t
    4. The uranyl cation has the formula UO2<\/sub>2+<\/sup>. Propose formulas and names for the ionic compounds between the uranyl cation and F\u2212<\/sup>, SO4<\/sub>2\u2212<\/sup>, and PO4<\/sub>3\u2212<\/sup>.<\/li>\r\n \t
    5. The permanganate anion has the formula MnO4<\/sub>\u2212<\/sup>. Propose formulas and names for the ionic compounds between the permanganate ion and K+<\/sup>, Ca2+<\/sup>, and Fe3+<\/sup>.<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n
      \r\n

      Answers<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/header>\r\n

      \r\n
        \r\n \t
      1. About 1,800 electrons<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n
          \r\n \t
        1. It is not strictly correct because of the existence of isotopes.<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n
            \r\n \t
          1. H11<\/sub>, H12<\/sub>, and H13<\/sub><\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n
              \r\n \t
            1. It is a metal.<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n
                \r\n \t
              1. 146 neutrons<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n
                  \r\n \t
                1. 101.065 u<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n
                    \r\n \t
                  1. 3.817 \u00d7 10\u221223<\/sup> g<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n
                      \r\n \t
                    1. 2.991 \u00d7 10\u221223<\/sup> g<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n
                        \r\n \t
                      1. ionic<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n
                          \r\n \t
                        1. \r\n
                            \r\n \t
                          1. Hg2<\/sub>2+<\/sup><\/li>\r\n \t
                          2. Hg2<\/sub>Cl2<\/sub><\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n
                              \r\n \t
                            1. uranyl fluoride, UO2<\/sub>F2<\/sub>; uranyl sulfate, UO2<\/sub>SO4<\/sub>; uranyl phosphate, (UO2<\/sub>)3<\/sub>(PO4<\/sub>)2<\/sub><\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>","rendered":"
                              \n
                              \n

                              Additional Exercises<\/p>\n<\/header>\n

                              \n
                                \n
                              1. How many electrons does it take to make the mass of one proton?<\/li>\n
                              2. How many protons does it take to make the mass of a neutron?<\/li>\n
                              3. Dalton\u2019s initial version of the modern atomic theory says that all atoms of the same element are the same. Is this actually correct? Why or why not?<\/li>\n
                              4. How are atoms of the same element the same? How are atoms of the same element different?<\/li>\n
                              5. Give complete atomic symbols for the three known isotopes of hydrogen.<\/li>\n
                              6. A rare isotope of helium has a single neutron in its nucleus. Write the complete atomic symbol of this isotope.<\/li>\n
                              7. Use its place on the periodic table to determine if indium, In, atomic number 49, is a metal or a nonmetal.<\/li>\n
                              8. Only a few atoms of astatine, At, atomic number 85, have been detected. On the basis of its position on the periodic table, would you expect it to be a metal or a nonmetal?<\/li>\n
                              9. Americium-241 is a crucial part of many smoke detectors. How many neutrons are present in its nucleus?<\/li>\n
                              10. Potassium-40 is a radioactive isotope of potassium that is present in the human body. How many neutrons are present in its nucleus?<\/li>\n
                              11. Determine the atomic mass of ruthenium from the given abundance and mass data.
                                \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
                                Isotope<\/th>\nAbundance<\/th>\nMass<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
                                Ruthenium-96<\/td>\n5.54%<\/td>\n95.907 u<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                Ruthenium-98<\/td>\n1.87%<\/td>\n97.905 u<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                Ruthenium-99<\/td>\n12.76%<\/td>\n98.906 u<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                Ruthenium-100<\/td>\n12.60%<\/td>\n99.904 u<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                Ruthenium-101<\/td>\n17.06%<\/td>\n100.906 u<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                Ruthenium-102<\/td>\n31.55%<\/td>\n101.904 u<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                Ruthenium-104<\/td>\n18.62%<\/td>\n103.905 u<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/li>\n
                              12. Determine the atomic mass of tellurium from the given abundance and mass data.
                                \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
                                Isotope<\/th>\nAbundance<\/th>\nMass<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
                                Tellurium-120<\/td>\n0.09%<\/td>\n119.904 u<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                Tellurium-122<\/td>\n2.55%<\/td>\n121.903 u<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                Tellurium-123<\/td>\n0.89%<\/td>\n122.904 u<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                Tellurium-124<\/td>\n4.74%<\/td>\n123.903 u<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                Tellurium-125<\/td>\n7.07%<\/td>\n124.904 u<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                Tellurium-126<\/td>\n18.84%<\/td>\n125.903 u<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                Tellurium-128<\/td>\n31.74%<\/td>\n127.904 u<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                Tellurium-130<\/td>\n34.08%<\/td>\n129.906 u<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/li>\n
                              13. One atomic mass unit has a mass of 1.6605 \u00d7 10\u221224<\/sup> g. What is the mass of one atom of sodium?<\/li>\n
                              14. One atomic mass unit has a mass of 1.6605 \u00d7 10\u221224<\/sup> g. What is the mass of one atom of uranium?<\/li>\n
                              15. One atomic mass unit has a mass of 1.6605 \u00d7 10\u221224<\/sup> g. What is the mass of one molecule of H2<\/sub>O?<\/li>\n
                              16. One atomic mass unit has a mass of 1.6605 \u00d7 10\u221224<\/sup> g. What is the mass of one molecule of PF5<\/sub>?<\/li>\n
                              17. From their positions on the periodic table, will Cu and I form a molecular compound or an ionic compound?<\/li>\n
                              18. From their positions on the periodic table, will N and S form a molecular compound or an ionic compound?<\/li>\n
                              19. Mercury is an unusual element in that when it takes a 1+ charge as a cation, it always exists as the diatomic ion.\n
                                  \n
                                1. Propose a formula for the mercury(I) ion.<\/li>\n
                                2. What is the formula of mercury(I) chloride?<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n
                                3. Propose a formula for hydrogen peroxide, a substance used as a bleaching agent. (Curiously, this compound does not behave as an acid, despite its formula. It behaves more like a classic nonmetal-nonmetal, molecular compound.)<\/li>\n
                                4. The uranyl cation has the formula UO2<\/sub>2+<\/sup>. Propose formulas and names for the ionic compounds between the uranyl cation and F\u2212<\/sup>, SO4<\/sub>2\u2212<\/sup>, and PO4<\/sub>3\u2212<\/sup>.<\/li>\n
                                5. The permanganate anion has the formula MnO4<\/sub>\u2212<\/sup>. Propose formulas and names for the ionic compounds between the permanganate ion and K+<\/sup>, Ca2+<\/sup>, and Fe3+<\/sup>.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
                                  \n
                                  \n

                                  Answers<\/p>\n<\/header>\n

                                  \n
                                    \n
                                  1. About 1,800 electrons<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
                                      \n
                                    1. It is not strictly correct because of the existence of isotopes.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
                                        \n
                                      1. H11<\/sub>, H12<\/sub>, and H13<\/sub><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
                                          \n
                                        1. It is a metal.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
                                            \n
                                          1. 146 neutrons<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
                                              \n
                                            1. 101.065 u<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
                                                \n
                                              1. 3.817 \u00d7 10\u221223<\/sup> g<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
                                                  \n
                                                1. 2.991 \u00d7 10\u221223<\/sup> g<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
                                                    \n
                                                  1. ionic<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
                                                      \n
                                                    1. \n
                                                        \n
                                                      1. Hg2<\/sub>2+<\/sup><\/li>\n
                                                      2. Hg2<\/sub>Cl2<\/sub><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
                                                          \n
                                                        1. uranyl fluoride, UO2<\/sub>F2<\/sub>; uranyl sulfate, UO2<\/sub>SO4<\/sub>; uranyl phosphate, (UO2<\/sub>)3<\/sub>(PO4<\/sub>)2<\/sub><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":90,"menu_order":6,"template":"","meta":{"pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-7318","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry"],"part":7306,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/introductorychemistry\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/7318","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/introductorychemistry\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/introductorychemistry\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/introductorychemistry\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/90"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/introductorychemistry\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/7318\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8760,"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/introductorychemistry\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/7318\/revisions\/8760"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/introductorychemistry\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/7306"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/introductorychemistry\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/7318\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/introductorychemistry\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7318"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/introductorychemistry\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=7318"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/introductorychemistry\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=7318"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/introductorychemistry\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=7318"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}