{"id":7421,"date":"2021-06-08T21:56:12","date_gmt":"2021-06-08T21:56:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/introductorychemistry\/chapter\/end-of-chapter-8-material\/"},"modified":"2021-10-01T18:02:46","modified_gmt":"2021-10-01T18:02:46","slug":"end-of-chapter-8-material","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/introductorychemistry\/chapter\/end-of-chapter-8-material\/","title":{"raw":"End-of-Chapter Material","rendered":"End-of-Chapter Material"},"content":{"raw":"
\r\n

Additional Exercises<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/header>\r\n

\r\n
    \r\n \t
  1. What is the frequency of light if its wavelength is 1.00 m?<\/li>\r\n \t
  2. What is the wavelength of light if its frequency is 1.00 s\u22121<\/sup>?<\/li>\r\n \t
  3. What is the energy of a photon if its wavelength is 1.00 m?<\/li>\r\n \t
  4. What is the energy of a photon if its frequency is 1.00 s\u22121<\/sup>?<\/li>\r\n \t
  5. If visible light is defined by the wavelength limits of 400 nm and 700 nm, what is the energy range for visible light photons?<\/li>\r\n \t
  6. Domestic microwave ovens use microwaves that have a wavelength of 122 mm. What is the energy of one photon of this microwave?<\/li>\r\n \t
  7. Use the equation for the wavelengths of the lines of light in the H atom spectrum to calculate the wavelength of light emitted when n<\/i> is 7 and 8.<\/li>\r\n \t
  8. Use the equation for the wavelengths of the lines of light in the H atom spectrum to calculate the wavelengths of light emitted when n<\/i> is 5 and 6.<\/li>\r\n \t
  9. Make a table of all the possible values of the four quantum numbers when the principal quantum number n<\/i> = 5.<\/li>\r\n \t
  10. Make a table of all the possible values of m<\/i>\u2113<\/sub> and m<\/i>s<\/sub> when \u2113 = 4. What is the lowest value of the principal quantum number for this to occur?<\/li>\r\n \t
  11. \r\n
      \r\n \t
    1. Predict the electron configurations of Sc through Zn.<\/li>\r\n \t
    2. From a source of actual electron configurations, determine how many exceptions there are from your predictions in part a.<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t
    3. \r\n
        \r\n \t
      1. Predict the electron configurations of Ga through Kr.<\/li>\r\n \t
      2. From a source of actual electron configurations, determine how many exceptions there are from your predictions in part a.<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t
      3. Recently, Russian chemists reported experimental evidence of element 117. Use the periodic table to predict its valence shell electron configuration.<\/li>\r\n \t
      4. Bi (atomic number 83) is used in some stomach discomfort relievers. Using its place on the periodic table, predict its valence shell electron configuration.<\/li>\r\n \t
      5. Which atom has a higher ionization energy (IE), O or P?<\/li>\r\n \t
      6. Which atom has a higher IE, F or As?<\/li>\r\n \t
      7. Which atom has a smaller radius, As or Cl?<\/li>\r\n \t
      8. Which atom has a smaller radius, K or F?<\/li>\r\n \t
      9. How many IEs does an H atom have? Write the chemical reactions for the successive ionizations.<\/li>\r\n \t
      10. How many IEs does a Be atom have? Write the chemical reactions for the successive ionizations.<\/li>\r\n \t
      11. Based on what you know of electrical charges, do you expect Na+<\/sup> to be larger or smaller than Na?<\/li>\r\n \t
      12. Based on what you know of electrical charges, do you expect Cl\u2212<\/sup> to be larger or smaller than Cl?<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n
        \r\n

        Answers<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/header>\r\n

        \r\n
          \r\n \t
        1. 3.00 \u00d7 108<\/sup> s\u22121<\/sup><\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n
            \r\n \t
          1. 1.99 \u00d7 10\u221222<\/sup> J<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n
              \r\n \t
            1. 4.97 \u00d7 10\u221219<\/sup> J to 2.84 \u00d7 10\u221219<\/sup> J<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n
                \r\n \t
              1. 3.97 \u00d7 10\u22127<\/sup> m and 3.89 \u00d7 10\u22127<\/sup> m, respectively<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n
                  \r\n \t
                1. \r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
                  Table 8.8 All Possible Quantum Number Values When n<\/em> = 5<\/caption>\r\n
                  \u2113<\/th>\r\nm<\/i>\u2113<\/sub><\/th>\r\nm<\/i>s<\/sub><\/th>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/thead>\r\n
                  0<\/td>\r\n0<\/td>\r\n\u00bd or \u2212\u00bd<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
                  1<\/td>\r\n\u22121, 0, or 1<\/td>\r\n\u00bd or \u2212\u00bd<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
                  2<\/td>\r\n\u22122, \u22121, 0, 1, or 2<\/td>\r\n\u00bd or \u2212\u00bd<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
                  3<\/td>\r\n\u22123, \u22122, \u22121, 0, 1, 2, or 3<\/td>\r\n\u00bd or \u2212\u00bd<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
                  4<\/td>\r\n\u22124, \u22123, \u22122, \u22121, 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4<\/td>\r\n\u00bd or \u2212\u00bd<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n
                    \r\n \t
                  1. \r\n
                      \r\n \t
                    1. The electron configurations are predicted to end in 3d<\/i>1<\/sup>, 3d<\/i>2<\/sup>, 3d<\/i>3<\/sup>, 3d<\/i>4<\/sup>, 3d<\/i>5<\/sup>, 3d<\/i>6<\/sup>, 3d<\/i>7<\/sup>, 3d<\/i>8<\/sup>, 3d<\/i>9<\/sup>, and 3d<\/i>10<\/sup>.<\/li>\r\n \t
                    2. Cr and Cu are exceptions.<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n
                        \r\n \t
                      1. Element 117\u2019s valence shell electron configuration should be 7s<\/i>2<\/sup>7p<\/i>5<\/sup>.<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n
                          \r\n \t
                        1. O<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n
                            \r\n \t
                          1. Cl<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n
                              \r\n \t
                            1. H has only one IE: H \u2192\u00a0H+<\/sup> +\u00a0e\u2212<\/sup><\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n
                                \r\n \t
                              1. smaller<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>","rendered":"
                                \n
                                \n

                                Additional Exercises<\/p>\n<\/header>\n

                                \n
                                  \n
                                1. What is the frequency of light if its wavelength is 1.00 m?<\/li>\n
                                2. What is the wavelength of light if its frequency is 1.00 s\u22121<\/sup>?<\/li>\n
                                3. What is the energy of a photon if its wavelength is 1.00 m?<\/li>\n
                                4. What is the energy of a photon if its frequency is 1.00 s\u22121<\/sup>?<\/li>\n
                                5. If visible light is defined by the wavelength limits of 400 nm and 700 nm, what is the energy range for visible light photons?<\/li>\n
                                6. Domestic microwave ovens use microwaves that have a wavelength of 122 mm. What is the energy of one photon of this microwave?<\/li>\n
                                7. Use the equation for the wavelengths of the lines of light in the H atom spectrum to calculate the wavelength of light emitted when n<\/i> is 7 and 8.<\/li>\n
                                8. Use the equation for the wavelengths of the lines of light in the H atom spectrum to calculate the wavelengths of light emitted when n<\/i> is 5 and 6.<\/li>\n
                                9. Make a table of all the possible values of the four quantum numbers when the principal quantum number n<\/i> = 5.<\/li>\n
                                10. Make a table of all the possible values of m<\/i>\u2113<\/sub> and m<\/i>s<\/sub> when \u2113 = 4. What is the lowest value of the principal quantum number for this to occur?<\/li>\n
                                11. \n
                                    \n
                                  1. Predict the electron configurations of Sc through Zn.<\/li>\n
                                  2. From a source of actual electron configurations, determine how many exceptions there are from your predictions in part a.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n
                                  3. \n
                                      \n
                                    1. Predict the electron configurations of Ga through Kr.<\/li>\n
                                    2. From a source of actual electron configurations, determine how many exceptions there are from your predictions in part a.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n
                                    3. Recently, Russian chemists reported experimental evidence of element 117. Use the periodic table to predict its valence shell electron configuration.<\/li>\n
                                    4. Bi (atomic number 83) is used in some stomach discomfort relievers. Using its place on the periodic table, predict its valence shell electron configuration.<\/li>\n
                                    5. Which atom has a higher ionization energy (IE), O or P?<\/li>\n
                                    6. Which atom has a higher IE, F or As?<\/li>\n
                                    7. Which atom has a smaller radius, As or Cl?<\/li>\n
                                    8. Which atom has a smaller radius, K or F?<\/li>\n
                                    9. How many IEs does an H atom have? Write the chemical reactions for the successive ionizations.<\/li>\n
                                    10. How many IEs does a Be atom have? Write the chemical reactions for the successive ionizations.<\/li>\n
                                    11. Based on what you know of electrical charges, do you expect Na+<\/sup> to be larger or smaller than Na?<\/li>\n
                                    12. Based on what you know of electrical charges, do you expect Cl\u2212<\/sup> to be larger or smaller than Cl?<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
                                      \n
                                      \n

                                      Answers<\/p>\n<\/header>\n

                                      \n
                                        \n
                                      1. 3.00 \u00d7 108<\/sup> s\u22121<\/sup><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
                                          \n
                                        1. 1.99 \u00d7 10\u221222<\/sup> J<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
                                            \n
                                          1. 4.97 \u00d7 10\u221219<\/sup> J to 2.84 \u00d7 10\u221219<\/sup> J<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
                                              \n
                                            1. 3.97 \u00d7 10\u22127<\/sup> m and 3.89 \u00d7 10\u22127<\/sup> m, respectively<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
                                                \n
                                              1. \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
                                                Table 8.8 All Possible Quantum Number Values When n<\/em> = 5<\/caption>\n
                                                \u2113<\/th>\nm<\/i>\u2113<\/sub><\/th>\nm<\/i>s<\/sub><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
                                                0<\/td>\n0<\/td>\n\u00bd or \u2212\u00bd<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                                1<\/td>\n\u22121, 0, or 1<\/td>\n\u00bd or \u2212\u00bd<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                                2<\/td>\n\u22122, \u22121, 0, 1, or 2<\/td>\n\u00bd or \u2212\u00bd<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                                3<\/td>\n\u22123, \u22122, \u22121, 0, 1, 2, or 3<\/td>\n\u00bd or \u2212\u00bd<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                                4<\/td>\n\u22124, \u22123, \u22122, \u22121, 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4<\/td>\n\u00bd or \u2212\u00bd<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
                                                  \n
                                                1. \n
                                                    \n
                                                  1. The electron configurations are predicted to end in 3d<\/i>1<\/sup>, 3d<\/i>2<\/sup>, 3d<\/i>3<\/sup>, 3d<\/i>4<\/sup>, 3d<\/i>5<\/sup>, 3d<\/i>6<\/sup>, 3d<\/i>7<\/sup>, 3d<\/i>8<\/sup>, 3d<\/i>9<\/sup>, and 3d<\/i>10<\/sup>.<\/li>\n
                                                  2. Cr and Cu are exceptions.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
                                                      \n
                                                    1. Element 117\u2019s valence shell electron configuration should be 7s<\/i>2<\/sup>7p<\/i>5<\/sup>.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
                                                        \n
                                                      1. O<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
                                                          \n
                                                        1. Cl<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
                                                            \n
                                                          1. H has only one IE: H \u2192\u00a0H+<\/sup> +\u00a0e\u2212<\/sup><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
                                                              \n
                                                            1. smaller<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":90,"menu_order":6,"template":"","meta":{"pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-7421","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry"],"part":7387,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/introductorychemistry\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/7421","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/introductorychemistry\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/introductorychemistry\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/introductorychemistry\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/90"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/introductorychemistry\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/7421\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8820,"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/introductorychemistry\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/7421\/revisions\/8820"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/introductorychemistry\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/7387"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/introductorychemistry\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/7421\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/introductorychemistry\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7421"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/introductorychemistry\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=7421"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/introductorychemistry\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=7421"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/introductorychemistry\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=7421"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}