{"id":7689,"date":"2021-06-08T21:57:18","date_gmt":"2021-06-08T21:57:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/introductorychemistry\/chapter\/end-of-chapter-13-material\/"},"modified":"2021-10-07T20:16:50","modified_gmt":"2021-10-07T20:16:50","slug":"end-of-chapter-13-material","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/introductorychemistry\/chapter\/end-of-chapter-13-material\/","title":{"raw":"End-of-Chapter Material","rendered":"End-of-Chapter Material"},"content":{"raw":"
\r\n

Additional Exercises<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/header>\r\n

\r\n
    \r\n \t
  1. What is the relationship between the K<\/em>sp<\/sub> expressions for a chemical reaction and its reverse chemical reaction?<\/li>\r\n \t
  2. What is the relationship between the K<\/em>w<\/sub> value for H2<\/sub>O and its reverse chemical reaction?<\/li>\r\n \t
  3. For the equilibrium\r\n

    PCl3<\/sub>(g)\u00a0+\u00a0Cl2<\/sub>(g) \u21c4 PCl5<\/sub>(g)\u00a0+\u00a060\u00a0kJ<\/p>\r\nlist four stresses that serve to increase the amount of PCl5<\/sub>.<\/li>\r\n \t

  4. For the equilibrium\r\n

    N2<\/sub>O4<\/sub>\u00a0+\u00a057\u00a0kJ \u21c4 2NO2<\/sub><\/p>\r\nlist four stresses that serve to increase the amount of NO2<\/sub>.<\/li>\r\n \t

  5. Does a very large K<\/em>eq<\/sub> favour the reactants or the products? Explain your answer.<\/li>\r\n \t
  6. Is the K<\/em>eq<\/sub> for reactions that favour reactants large or small? Explain your answer.<\/li>\r\n \t
  7. Show that K<\/em>a<\/sub> \u00d7 K<\/em>b<\/sub> = K<\/em>w<\/sub> by determining the expressions for these two reactions and multiplying them together.\r\n

    HX(aq) \u21c4 H+<\/sup>(aq) + X\u2013<\/sup>(aq)\r\nX\u2013<\/sup>(aq)\u00a0+\u00a0H2<\/sub>O(\u2113) \u21c4 HX(aq)\u00a0+\u00a0OH\u2013<\/sup>(aq)<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t

  8. Is the conjugate base of a strong acid weak or strong? Explain your answer.<\/li>\r\n \t
  9. What is the solubility in moles per litre of AgCl? Use data from Table 13.2 \u201cSolubility Product Constants for Slightly Soluble Ionic Compounds\u201d<\/a>.<\/li>\r\n \t
  10. What is the solubility in moles per litre of Ca(OH)2<\/sub>? Use data from Table 13.2<\/a>.<\/li>\r\n \t
  11. Under what conditions is K<\/em>eq<\/sub> = K<\/em>P<\/sub>?<\/li>\r\n \t
  12. Under what conditions is K<\/em>eq<\/sub> > K<\/em>P<\/sub> when the temperature is 298 K?<\/li>\r\n \t
  13. What is the pH of a saturated solution of Mg(OH)2<\/sub>? Use data from Table 13.2<\/a>.<\/li>\r\n \t
  14. What are the pH and the pOH of a saturated solution of Fe(OH)3<\/sub>? The K<\/em>sp<\/sub> of Fe(OH)3<\/sub> is 2.8 \u00d7 10\u221239<\/sup>.<\/li>\r\n \t
  15. For a salt that has the general formula MX, an ICE chart shows that the K<\/em>sp<\/sub> is equal to x<\/em>2<\/sup>, where x<\/em> is the concentration of the cation. What is the appropriate formula for the K<\/em>sp<\/sub> of a salt that has a general formula of MX2<\/sub>?<\/li>\r\n \t
  16. Referring to Exercise 15, what is the appropriate formula for the K<\/em>sp<\/sub> of a salt that has a general formula of M2<\/sub>X3<\/sub> if the concentration of the cation is defined as 2x<\/em>, rather than x<\/em>?<\/li>\r\n \t
  17. Consider a saturated solution of PbBr2<\/sub>(s). If [Pb2+<\/sup>] is 1.33 \u00d7 10\u22125<\/sup> M, find each of the following.\r\n
      \r\n \t
    1. [Br\u2212]<\/li>\r\n \t
    2. the K<\/em>sp<\/sub> of PbBr2<\/sub>(s)<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t
    3. Consider a saturated solution of Pb3<\/sub>(PO4<\/sub>)2<\/sub>(s). If [Pb2+<\/sup>] is 7.34 \u00d7 10\u221214<\/sup> M, find each of the following.\r\n
        \r\n \t
      1. [PO4<\/sub>3\u2212<\/sup>]<\/li>\r\n \t
      2. the K<\/em>sp<\/sub> of Pb3<\/sub>(PO4<\/sub>)2<\/sub>(s)<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n
        \r\n

        Answers<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/header>\r\n

        \r\n
          \r\n \t
        1. They are reciprocals of each other.<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n
            \r\n \t
          1. increase the pressure; decrease the temperature; add PCl3<\/sub>; add Cl2<\/sub>; remove PCl5<\/sub><\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n
              \r\n \t
            1. favour products because the numerator of the ratio for the Keq is larger than the denominator<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n
                \r\n \t
              1. [latex]K_{\\text{a}}\\times K_{\\text{b}}=\\dfrac{[\\ce{H+}]\\cancel{[\\ce{X-}]}}{\\cancel{[\\ce{HX}]}}\\times \\dfrac{\\cancel{[\\ce{HX}]}[\\ce{OH-}]}{\\cancel{[\\ce{X-}]}}=[\\ce{H+}][\\ce{OH-}]=K_{\\text{w}}[\/latex]<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n
                  \r\n \t
                1. 1.3 \u00d7 10\u22125<\/sup> mol\/L<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n
                    \r\n \t
                  1. K<\/em>eq<\/sub> = K<\/em>P<\/sub> when the number of moles of gas on both sides of the reaction is the same.<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n
                      \r\n \t
                    1. 10.35<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n
                        \r\n \t
                      1. 4x<\/em>3<\/sup><\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n
                          \r\n \t
                        1. \r\n
                            \r\n \t
                          1. 2.66 \u00d7 10\u22125<\/sup> M<\/li>\r\n \t
                          2. 9.41 \u00d7 10\u221215<\/sup><\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>","rendered":"
                            \n
                            \n

                            Additional Exercises<\/p>\n<\/header>\n

                            \n
                              \n
                            1. What is the relationship between the K<\/em>sp<\/sub> expressions for a chemical reaction and its reverse chemical reaction?<\/li>\n
                            2. What is the relationship between the K<\/em>w<\/sub> value for H2<\/sub>O and its reverse chemical reaction?<\/li>\n
                            3. For the equilibrium\n

                              PCl3<\/sub>(g)\u00a0+\u00a0Cl2<\/sub>(g) \u21c4 PCl5<\/sub>(g)\u00a0+\u00a060\u00a0kJ<\/p>\n

                              list four stresses that serve to increase the amount of PCl5<\/sub>.<\/li>\n

                            4. For the equilibrium\n

                              N2<\/sub>O4<\/sub>\u00a0+\u00a057\u00a0kJ \u21c4 2NO2<\/sub><\/p>\n

                              list four stresses that serve to increase the amount of NO2<\/sub>.<\/li>\n

                            5. Does a very large K<\/em>eq<\/sub> favour the reactants or the products? Explain your answer.<\/li>\n
                            6. Is the K<\/em>eq<\/sub> for reactions that favour reactants large or small? Explain your answer.<\/li>\n
                            7. Show that K<\/em>a<\/sub> \u00d7 K<\/em>b<\/sub> = K<\/em>w<\/sub> by determining the expressions for these two reactions and multiplying them together.\n

                              HX(aq) \u21c4 H+<\/sup>(aq) + X\u2013<\/sup>(aq)
                              \nX\u2013<\/sup>(aq)\u00a0+\u00a0H2<\/sub>O(\u2113) \u21c4 HX(aq)\u00a0+\u00a0OH\u2013<\/sup>(aq)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

                            8. Is the conjugate base of a strong acid weak or strong? Explain your answer.<\/li>\n
                            9. What is the solubility in moles per litre of AgCl? Use data from Table 13.2 \u201cSolubility Product Constants for Slightly Soluble Ionic Compounds\u201d<\/a>.<\/li>\n
                            10. What is the solubility in moles per litre of Ca(OH)2<\/sub>? Use data from Table 13.2<\/a>.<\/li>\n
                            11. Under what conditions is K<\/em>eq<\/sub> = K<\/em>P<\/sub>?<\/li>\n
                            12. Under what conditions is K<\/em>eq<\/sub> > K<\/em>P<\/sub> when the temperature is 298 K?<\/li>\n
                            13. What is the pH of a saturated solution of Mg(OH)2<\/sub>? Use data from Table 13.2<\/a>.<\/li>\n
                            14. What are the pH and the pOH of a saturated solution of Fe(OH)3<\/sub>? The K<\/em>sp<\/sub> of Fe(OH)3<\/sub> is 2.8 \u00d7 10\u221239<\/sup>.<\/li>\n
                            15. For a salt that has the general formula MX, an ICE chart shows that the K<\/em>sp<\/sub> is equal to x<\/em>2<\/sup>, where x<\/em> is the concentration of the cation. What is the appropriate formula for the K<\/em>sp<\/sub> of a salt that has a general formula of MX2<\/sub>?<\/li>\n
                            16. Referring to Exercise 15, what is the appropriate formula for the K<\/em>sp<\/sub> of a salt that has a general formula of M2<\/sub>X3<\/sub> if the concentration of the cation is defined as 2x<\/em>, rather than x<\/em>?<\/li>\n
                            17. Consider a saturated solution of PbBr2<\/sub>(s). If [Pb2+<\/sup>] is 1.33 \u00d7 10\u22125<\/sup> M, find each of the following.\n
                                \n
                              1. [Br\u2212]<\/li>\n
                              2. the K<\/em>sp<\/sub> of PbBr2<\/sub>(s)<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n
                              3. Consider a saturated solution of Pb3<\/sub>(PO4<\/sub>)2<\/sub>(s). If [Pb2+<\/sup>] is 7.34 \u00d7 10\u221214<\/sup> M, find each of the following.\n
                                  \n
                                1. [PO4<\/sub>3\u2212<\/sup>]<\/li>\n
                                2. the K<\/em>sp<\/sub> of Pb3<\/sub>(PO4<\/sub>)2<\/sub>(s)<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
                                  \n
                                  \n

                                  Answers<\/p>\n<\/header>\n

                                  \n
                                    \n
                                  1. They are reciprocals of each other.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
                                      \n
                                    1. increase the pressure; decrease the temperature; add PCl3<\/sub>; add Cl2<\/sub>; remove PCl5<\/sub><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
                                        \n
                                      1. favour products because the numerator of the ratio for the Keq is larger than the denominator<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
                                          \n
                                        1. \"K_{\text{a}}\times K_{\text{b}}=\dfrac{[\ce{H+}]\cancel{[\ce{X-}]}}{\cancel{[\ce{HX}]}}\times \dfrac{\cancel{[\ce{HX}]}[\ce{OH-}]}{\cancel{[\ce{X-}]}}=[\ce{H+}][\ce{OH-}]=K_{\text{w}}\"<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
                                            \n
                                          1. 1.3 \u00d7 10\u22125<\/sup> mol\/L<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
                                              \n
                                            1. K<\/em>eq<\/sub> = K<\/em>P<\/sub> when the number of moles of gas on both sides of the reaction is the same.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
                                                \n
                                              1. 10.35<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
                                                  \n
                                                1. 4x<\/em>3<\/sup><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
                                                    \n
                                                  1. \n
                                                      \n
                                                    1. 2.66 \u00d7 10\u22125<\/sup> M<\/li>\n
                                                    2. 9.41 \u00d7 10\u221215<\/sup><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":90,"menu_order":6,"template":"","meta":{"pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-7689","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry"],"part":7638,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/introductorychemistry\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/7689","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/introductorychemistry\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/introductorychemistry\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/introductorychemistry\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/90"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/introductorychemistry\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/7689\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8955,"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/introductorychemistry\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/7689\/revisions\/8955"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/introductorychemistry\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/7638"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/introductorychemistry\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/7689\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/introductorychemistry\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7689"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/introductorychemistry\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=7689"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/introductorychemistry\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=7689"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/introductorychemistry\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=7689"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}