{"id":3112,"date":"2016-11-15T16:29:10","date_gmt":"2016-11-15T16:29:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/introtourism\/?post_type=chapter&#038;p=3112"},"modified":"2019-06-05T22:53:38","modified_gmt":"2019-06-05T22:53:38","slug":"chapter-13-careers-and-work-experience","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/introtourism\/chapter\/chapter-13-careers-and-work-experience\/","title":{"raw":"Chapter 13. Careers and Work Experience","rendered":"Chapter 13. Careers and Work Experience"},"content":{"raw":"<div class=\"textbox textbox--learning-objectives\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Learning Objectives<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Identify and define the steps in career planning<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Identify aspects of labour market information<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Compare and describe types of work learning experiences<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Describe tools and strategies to successfully complete work experience<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Explore career management strategies for workplace success<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Review industry career profiles and professions for common themes<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<h2>Overview<\/h2>\r\nThis chapter is divided into three parts. First, we'll learn the essential steps of <strong>career planning<\/strong>. Then we'll take a look at the types of work experience you can engage in while still at school. Finally, we'll explore how you can\u00a0integrate your planning with your education and\u00a0experiences, and we'll hear\u00a0from graduates who have been successful in their career choices.\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_559\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"400\"]<a href=\"http:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/introtourism\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/38\/2014\/12\/VIUWInners.jpg\"><img class=\"wp-image-559\" alt=\"&quot;&quot;\" src=\"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/introtourism\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/38\/2016\/11\/VIUWInners-300x183.jpg\" width=\"400\" height=\"244\" \/><\/a> Figure 13.1 Students from Vancouver Island University win recognition and gain experience at the LinkBC Student Case Competition[\/caption]\r\n\r\nLet's start with a review of the essential steps in the career planning process.\r\n<h2>Career Planning<\/h2>\r\nShepard and Mani define career planning \"as an ongoing process through which an individual sets career goals and identifies the means to achieve them\" (2013, p. 14). It is through career planning that a person evaluates abilities and interests, assesses values and personality, considers alternative career opportunities, establishes career goals, and plans practical developmental activities.\r\n\r\nCareer planning requires individuals to understand themselves and their values, interests, and skills. It is also an ongoing process, one that must be repeated with changes in employment and life circumstances. As you gain more experience and knowledge, the process will begin anew.\r\n\r\nThis section reviews the five essential steps of career planning, which are\u00a0based on our research and input from industry experts:\r\n<ol>\r\n \t<li>Conduct a self-assessment<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Research the labour market<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Create your career search toolkit<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Put your career campaign into action<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Engage in networking<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\nLet's start at step one.\r\n<h3>Step One: Conduct a Self-Assessment<\/h3>\r\nSelf knowledge is the key to choosing a career. It can be overwhelming to begin the process of self-assessment. However, if done well at the start, the likelihood of securing work that has meaning, purpose, and fulfillment is far greater. Understanding your preferences, knowing your strengths, and honestly facing the areas you need to develop are the first steps for effective self-assessment.\r\n<div class=\"textbox shaded\">\r\n\r\n<strong>Take a Closer Look: Tourism Careers from the CTHRC<\/strong>\r\n\r\nThe Canadian Tourism HR Council (CTHRC) has a website that can help you explore career options. Start with its \u201ctourism career quiz\u201d to see where you might find a fit, and browse the list of job boards and other resources. Check out these <a href=\"http:\/\/www.cthrc.ca\/en\/resources\/tourism_careers\" target=\"_self\">Tourism Career Resources<\/a>: http:\/\/www.cthrc.ca\/en\/resources\/tourism_careers\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\nRosenberg McKay (2014) identifies <strong>self-assessment<\/strong> as \"the process of gathering information about you in order to make a knowledgeable career decision\" and adds that \"a self-assessment should examine values, interests, personality, and skills\" (\u00b6 1). Your <strong>values<\/strong> should guide your decision making to ensure a good fit for both you and your employer.\r\n<div class=\"textbox shaded\">\r\n\r\n<strong>Take a Closer Look: Explore Careers by Skills and Knowledge<\/strong>\r\n\r\nThe Government of Canada Job Bank website allows you to peruse occupations and explore the skills and knowledge required to work in these fields. Discover what jobs might be a good match for you at\u00a0the <a href=\"http:\/\/www.jobbank.gc.ca\/es_all-eng.do\">Government of Canada Job Bank<\/a>: http:\/\/www.jobbank.gc.ca\/es_all-eng.do\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\nMany people find that over the course of their post-secondary program they naturally become more self-aware. It's recommended, however, that you take time to do the following in order to facilitate your understanding:\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">1. Think back to when you were a child. What hopes and dreams did you have for yourself? How have these changed?<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">2. Develop a profile of your personality type. One helpful way of classifying personalities was developed by Myers and Briggs. You can learn more about their personality types by visiting their foundation at <a href=\"http:\/\/www.myersbriggs.org\/my-mbti-personality-type\/mbti-basics\/\">Myers and Briggs Personality Types<\/a>: www.myersbriggs.org\/my-mbti-personality-type\/mbti-basics\/.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">3. Do an internet search for terms like <em>personal value statement<\/em> and find examples that inspire you. These may include key words such as loyalty, accountability, determination, and passion. Now create your own unique statement that reflects where you are today.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">4. Gain a better understanding of yourself by learning how others see you. Ask a close friend, family member, or trusted academic contact to write down 10 key words that describe you. Notice where these are different or similar to the words you chose for your value statement.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">5. Go back to the introductory chapter of this textbook and make note of the five key sectors of the tourism industry. With a highlighter or similar tool, choose the two sectors that are the most appealing to you. Why are these of interest? What life experiences or work experience do you have that apply to these sectors? How do they align with your personality type and values?<\/p>\r\nWith this foundation in place, you're ready to face employment reality by gaining a greater understanding of the labour market.\r\n<h3>Step Two: Research the Labour Market<\/h3>\r\nWhether you are career planning for the very\u00a0first\u00a0time or you are trying to\u00a0change careers, gathering labour market information is necessary to ensure your education and training are relevant. Keep in mind that a career is distinct from a job. A job can be a part-time or short-term position, whereas a career is work you plan to explore for the length of your professional life, with each employment opportunity building on the last.\r\n\r\nLearning as much as you can about careers within the tourism and hospitality industry will allow you to make good decisions about your future. Some of the activities you can do to complete your research include visiting job boards to identify demand and following companies and sectors in the media.\u00a0Let's look at these concepts in more detail.\r\n<h4>Visit Tourism and Hospitality Job Boards to Identify Demand<\/h4>\r\nIt's not enough for you to want to work in a certain field -- you have to know what types of jobs are currently being offered. By visiting job boards you can get a sense of which geographic areas have more opportunities, how much different jobs pay, and what kind of experience is required.\r\n\r\nWebsites you can use for this search include:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>The go2HR job board for <a href=\"https:\/\/www.go2hr.ca\/jobboard\" target=\"_self\">tourism and hospitality jobs in BC<\/a>:\u00a0www.go2hr.ca\/jobboard<\/li>\r\n \t<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.hcareers.ca\" target=\"_self\">Hospitality Works (H Careers)<\/a>:\u00a0www.hcareers.ca<\/li>\r\n \t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.hotelleriejobs.com\/en\" target=\"_self\">HotellerieJobs<\/a>:\u00a0www.hotelleriejobs.com\/en<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Your local <a href=\"http:\/\/www.craigslist.org\/about\/sites\">Craigslist<\/a> classified listings:\u00a0www.craigslist.org\/about\/sites<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Listings specific to resort communities (e.g., Whistler: <a href=\"http:\/\/whistlerchamber.chambermaster.com\/jobs\">Whistler Job Board<\/a>: http:\/\/whistlerchamber.chambermaster.com\/jobs)<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Career pages for companies like <a href=\"http:\/\/www.fairmontcareers.com\" target=\"_self\">Fairmont Hotels Careers<\/a> (www.fairmontcareers.com), and <a href=\"http:\/\/joeyrestaurants.com\/careers\/\" target=\"_self\">JOEY Restaurants Careers<\/a> (http:\/\/joeyrestaurants.com\/careers\/)<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nMake note of any interesting positions, and pay attention to gaps. Compare this to your self-assessment. Where are the opportunities lining up? What changes might you have to make to advance your career? For example, if you'd like to stay in the same city, but see no jobs posted that match your needs, it might be time to look elsewhere.\r\n<h4>Follow Companies and Sectors in the Media<\/h4>\r\nMake it a point to follow companies and sectors of interest to you in the media. You can do this by using a search engine to set up notifications (e.g., Google Alerts) about sectors (e.g., restaurants, ski resorts), and following companies on social media (Twitter, Facebook, LinkedIn, Instagram). You can also monitor news from industry associations to read their commentary on issues and trends affecting specific sectors of the industry and\/or geographic regions. This will help you identify growth patterns, understand job market trends, and gain an edge should you have the opportunity to interview.\r\n\r\nWith this information in hand, you'll be ready to create a plan.\r\n<div class=\"textbox shaded\">\r\n\r\n<strong>Spotlight On: The go2HR Job Board<\/strong>\r\n\r\nThe job board hosted by go2HR is your one-stop shop for tourism and hospitality jobs and careers in BC. Search by geographic region, keyword, and more. For more information, visit the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.go2hr.ca\/jobboard\">go2HR Job Board<\/a>: https:\/\/www.go2hr.ca\/jobboard\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<h3>Step Three:\u00a0Create Your Career\u00a0Search Toolkit<\/h3>\r\nYou have completed your initial research, and now you need to get down to business!\u00a0This step involves getting\u00a0ready to approach employers about specific opportunities.\r\n\r\nIdentify, and be prepared to provide evidence of, the attributes and skills you possess that would be attractive to an employer. It can be helpful to review these in three categories:\r\n<ol>\r\n \t<li><strong>Personal attributes: <\/strong>describe what you are like as a person\/employee (e.g., your values, personality type, personal qualities, and characteristics)<\/li>\r\n \t<li><strong>Technical skills: <\/strong>skills and knowledge required to perform specific work (e.g., how to use restaurant Point-of-Sale systems, hotel\u00a0reservations systems, or other computer software)<\/li>\r\n \t<li><strong>Transferable skills: <\/strong>skills required to perform a variety of tasks\u00a0that can be transferred from one type of job\u00a0to another (e.g., the ability to read a balance sheet and prepare a budget)<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\nUse the list of your skills and attributes when you describe yourself in your\u00a0documents.\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_561\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"500\"]<a href=\"http:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/introtourism\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/38\/2014\/12\/AlexanderParker.jpg\"><img class=\"wp-image-561\" alt=\"A stylized set of resumes and business cards with a green border.\" src=\"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/introtourism\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/38\/2016\/11\/AlexanderParker-300x200.jpg\" width=\"500\" height=\"334\" \/><\/a> Figure 13.2 Consider a branded set of tools like resumes and business cards to help you stand out from the crowd.[\/caption]\r\n\r\nA standard set of job search documents includes:\r\n<ol>\r\n \t<li>Cover letter: a long-form document of one page that tells a story, illustrating how your skills and experience make you an ideal candidate for the job.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Resume (sometimes called a curriculum vitae or CV): a point-form document, typically two pages, that includes\u00a0your career objective, relevant experience, education, skills, and interests.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Reference list: identifies three or four professional contacts who have worked with you, and can vouch for the quality of your work.<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\nBe\u00a0sure to update these documents each time you apply for a position\u00a0and customize them to the opportunity at hand.\r\n\r\nYou may also want to consider using social media tools and resources to promote yourself. This may include creating a LinkedIn profile, making a professional (rather than personal) Facebook page, and using Twitter and Instagram to communicate with companies. Some job seekers also use a professional e-portfolio to demonstrate their skills, knowledge, and abilities. Showcasing your experiences with an e-portfolio is one way to stand out from other applicants (Lorenzo &amp; Ittleson, 2005).\r\n<div class=\"textbox shaded\">\r\n\r\n<strong>Take a Closer Look: E-portfolio Tools<\/strong>\r\n\r\nThis list, updated regularly, was created by EPAC, the Electronic Portfolio Action &amp; Communication listserv. It provides access to a range of tools for creating e-portfolios with links to key websites. Before using a specific tool, be sure to check with an instructor to see whether your program has recommended e-portfolio platforms at its disposal. To view the list, visit <a href=\"http:\/\/epac.pbworks.com\/w\/page\/12559686\/Evolving%20List%25C2%25A0of%25C2%25A0ePortfolio-related%25C2%25A0Tools\" target=\"_self\">E-portfolio Tools<\/a>: http:\/\/epac.pbworks.com\/w\/page\/12559686\/Evolving%20List%25C2%25A0of%25C2%25A0ePortfolio-related%25C2%25A0Tools\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<h3>Step Four: Put Your Career Campaign into Action<\/h3>\r\nNow it's time to make a list of companies to target, and to approach them.\r\n\r\nWe've already addressed how you can find opportunities by scanning postings on websites like the go2HR job board. This is a great start, but most work opportunities are found in the <strong>hidden job market, <\/strong>which consists of\u00a0jobs that are not advertised or made public in traditional ways. Many individuals find work in BC's tourism and hospitality industry by being\u00a0referred, getting hired\u00a0by someone they already know, or starting at an entry-level position and waiting for future growth opportunities.\r\n\r\nIf you don't have any connections in tourism and hospitality,\u00a0make them!\u00a0List\u00a0all the organizations you're interested in working for. Now find some key contacts to meet with. These might be:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>The person\u00a0responsible for hiring within the organization (as noted on its website or in its directory)<\/li>\r\n \t<li>An alumni from your program already working for the company (ask a faculty member to connect you)<\/li>\r\n \t<li>The person who currently works in your\u00a0ideal role within the company<\/li>\r\n \t<li>A personal contact (family member, friend, or acquaintance) working at the company<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nApproach your potential contact to set up an <strong>informational interview<\/strong>. This is a session where you make contact with individuals\u00a0who can use their first-hand experience to educate you about a particular role or company.\r\n\r\nWrite a short script that will help you remain focused and appear\u00a0professional as you embark on your first call or send an\u00a0initial email. Here's a sample:\r\n\r\n<em>I have five years\u2019 experience working in the tourism and\/or hospitality field, mainly holding front-end positions. I have increased return visitor numbers and received continuous feedback about my outstanding customer service focus. I am wondering if you have 10 minutes to speak with me.<\/em>\r\n\r\nYour script will change depending on who you are targeting. Prepare a list of questions you want to ask. Remember, at this stage, you are not asking for a job; you're asking for advice and gathering information. Don't ask obvious questions about information\u00a0already available on the company's website or in its print material. Some questions might include:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>What are three words you would use to describe the culture of this company?<\/li>\r\n \t<li>In the time that you've worked here, would you say the company has grown? What has changed? What has stayed the same?<\/li>\r\n \t<li>What is a day-in-the-life of someone in (name a role) at this company?<\/li>\r\n \t<li>What salary range is available for entry-level employees?<\/li>\r\n \t<li>What types of training and career path support is offered to employees?<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Are there any other people I should be talking to about this? If possible, could you give me their contact information or introduce me to them?<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nThe conversation should be professional but informal in nature, and many of your questions will be answered in the natural flow of the conversation. Take notes as you move through the interview, and\u00a0take a minute after the interview to fill in details you may have missed while you were there.\r\n\r\nAfter the session, always send a thank-you note. Thank the person\u00a0for his or her time, and add something specific you learned in the interview that you believe will be helpful as you navigate your career. Sending an email thank-you is fine, but\u00a0 sending\u00a0a\u00a0written card will help you stand out.\r\n\r\nIf you're given the name of someone else to contact, or you are asked to provide further information, be sure to follow through.\u00a0This is your opportunity to make a good impression on your contact, and the organization.\r\n<h3>Step Five: Engage in Networking<\/h3>\r\nDeveloping your professional network as an emerging professional in tourism and hospitality\u00a0is essential. Just as you need to continue to learn and develop your skill sets, you need to develop and nurture your network; it's an investment in your future.\u00a0Some ways to do this\u00a0include:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Conducting multiple informational\u00a0interviews (covered in the previous step)<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Maintaining contact with\u00a0academic classmates\/faculty<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Attending and presenting at conferences<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Participating\u00a0in case study competitions and other academic\u00a0contests<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Using social media networks and groups<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Maintaining good relationships with coworkers at your current job, and staying in touch with people when they leave<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Asking family and friends to introduce\u00a0you to tourism and hospitality professionals in their network<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nRemember that <strong>networking<\/strong> is equally\u00a0about who you know and\u00a0who knows you; it works both ways. Be\u00a0generous with your contacts, information, and resources. As a new professional, you may not have a developed network, but you can offer your great attitude and valuable ideas, and you will soon gain a reputation as someone who contributes to the field.\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_562\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"500\"]<a href=\"http:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/introtourism\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/38\/2014\/12\/Rendezvous.jpg\"><img class=\"wp-image-562\" alt=\"A crowd of professionally dressed students.\" src=\"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/introtourism\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/38\/2016\/11\/Rendezvous-300x200.jpg\" width=\"500\" height=\"334\" \/><\/a> Figure 13.3 Students eagerly await the start of a networking event[\/caption]\r\n\r\nNow that you have a sense of the steps needed\u00a0to plan your tourism or hospitality career, let's have a look at an important tool: work experience, which you can gain\u00a0while still at school to propel you to your ideal career much faster.\r\n<h2>Work Experience<\/h2>\r\n<strong>Experiential learning<\/strong> is \"based on students being directly involved in a learning experience rather than being recipients of ready-made content in the form of lectures\" (ContactPoint, 2014a). Experiential\u00a0learning is:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Action-oriented<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Learner-centred<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Geared toward process, rather than\u00a0outcomes<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nIn this way, knowledge is created as the learner moves through the\u00a0experience.\r\n\r\nThrough your educational program, you may be able to participate in a variety of different learning\u00a0experiences in tourism and hospitality. Students who participate\u00a0in a learning experience outside of the classroom\u00a0are more likely to enter the field with both academic and practical workplace skills and knowledge, and have\u00a0more opportunities for career advancement.\r\n\r\nLet's have a look at some of the common types of work learning experiences:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Co-op education<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Internship<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Practicum<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Service learning<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Volunteering<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nEach of these is\u00a0defined below.\r\n<h3>Co-op Education<\/h3>\r\nCo-operative, or<strong> co-op education<\/strong> refers to \"a structured program that integrates work experience in a student\u2019s field along with academic studies by alternating in-class learning with periods of actual work\" (ContactPoint, 2014b, \u00b6 1). The term reflects the co-operative relationship between students, schools, and employers.\r\n<h3>Internship<\/h3>\r\nAn <strong>internship<\/strong> is a temporary on-the-job experience that is \"typically offered to students or inexperienced workers\" (ContactPoint, 2014c, \u00b6 1). It is generally project-oriented, and supervised.\r\n\r\nThe intern should have\u00a0specific learning goals against which he or she can apply\u00a0experience about a particular industry or field of work. The term\u00a0may be paid or unpaid, and may lead to permanent career opportunities with the organization (ContactPoint, 2014b).\r\n<h3>Practicum<\/h3>\r\n<p class=\"ReadMailPlainText\">A <strong>practicum<\/strong>\u00a0is \"applied learning that provides students with practical experience and interaction with professionals from industry and the community outside of school\" (ConnectEd, 2011, p.3). The goal is to support career readiness and help enhance:<\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li class=\"ReadMailPlainText\">Higher-order thinking<\/li>\r\n \t<li class=\"ReadMailPlainText\">Academic skills<\/li>\r\n \t<li class=\"ReadMailPlainText\">Technical skills<\/li>\r\n \t<li class=\"ReadMailPlainText\">Applied workplace skills<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nThe experience may be paid or unpaid.\r\n<h3>Service Learning<\/h3>\r\n<strong>Service learning<\/strong> is defined as a course-based, credit-bearing educational experience in which students:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Participate in an organized service activity that meets identified community needs<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Reflect on the service activity to gain further understanding of course content, a broader appreciation of the discipline, and an enhanced sense of civic responsibility (Bringle &amp; Hatcher, 1995)<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h3>Volunteering<\/h3>\r\n<strong>Volunteering<\/strong> involves performing a service without pay in order to obtain work experience, learn new skills, meet people, contribute to community, and contribute to a cause that\u2019s important to the volunteer (for example, helping animals, supporting elderly people, working for an\u00a0environmental cause)\u00a0(Pickerell, 2014).\r\n<h3>Benefits of Work Experience Programs<\/h3>\r\nStudents who have completed a formal work experience component benefit from a\u00a0supportive partnership between\u00a0the educational institution, the employer, and themselves. This partnership encourages\u00a0community stakeholder investment, student learning opportunities, professional networks, as well as opportunities for employers to participate as co-educators.\r\n\r\nSome institutions may work with an experiential education coordinator to ensure a particular position meets the school's criteria. Depending on your program, remuneration for work can\u00a0be by the hour, by salary, by a\u00a0stipend, as in-kind contributions (experiences or services from the business), or as a volunteer assignment. The educational institution may monitor your placement\u00a0and ask you to complete an assignment where you reflect on the work experience. Some programs may have an evaluation component and a supervisor who supports the student's learning. Students are also evaluated by the employer, and they will have a supervisor whom they report to directly.\r\n\r\nMost often, for students to participate in a work experience program, they are\u00a0required to maintain a certain grade point average (GPA) set by the school. Often students are also asked to establish learning goals prior to starting their work experience.\r\n\r\nIf your program doesn't offer a formal work experience program such as a co-op, internship, or practicum, you can still gain valuable hands-on learning through part-time work and volunteer opportunities.\u00a0Because tourism is the number-one employer of youth in BC, you can find a part-time job to develop\u00a0your skills and gain an entry-level opportunity to join the industry.\r\n\r\nWhatever experience you engage in, be it formal, or informal, it's important to:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Explore your employer's organizational culture and social norms<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Do your best on the job<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Gain conflict management and resolution skills<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nThese three keys come directly from BC tourism and hospitality employers (LinkBC, 2014), and are explored in the next section.\r\n<h2>Integrating Planning with Education\u00a0and Experience<\/h2>\r\nThe final career planning\u00a0element we'll explore in this chapter involves\u00a0integrating your education\u00a0and work experience. By applying\u00a0classroom learning to the field, and then bringing lessons from your workplace back to the classroom, you can\u00a0see key concepts\u00a0in action.\r\n<h3>Research Organizational Culture and Social Norms<\/h3>\r\nEach organization has its own culture and social norms. <strong>Organizational culture<\/strong>\u00a0refers to \u201cthe customs, rituals, and values shared by the members of an organization that have to be accepted by new members\u201d (Collins English Dictionary, 2012), and\u00a0\u00a0is expressed through its mission statement, vision, beliefs, language systems, and processes. Social norms refer to the way individuals in the organization interact, communicate, and generally behave with each other.\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_563\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"500\"]<a href=\"http:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/introtourism\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/38\/2014\/12\/SnowbusMeet.jpg\"><img class=\"wp-image-563\" alt=\"&quot;&quot;\" src=\"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/introtourism\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/38\/2016\/11\/SnowbusMeet-300x200.jpg\" width=\"500\" height=\"334\" \/><\/a> Figure 13.4 Meet with, and talk to, as many prospective employers as you can. Here, students are talking to a representative from West Coast Sightseeing.[\/caption]\r\n\r\nYou will want to understand the culture of an organization before applying for a job there to ensure your values are congruent.\u00a0Find out what\u2019s important to the organization by researching the business. How does it present its public face?\r\n\r\nAsking questions of a potential employer about the organization's culture will help you assess whether it is a good fit for you. You can do this by asking employees in the organization during the informational interview; or alternatively, in a formal job interview.\r\n<h3>Performance on the Job<\/h3>\r\nThis is your time to shine -- no matter what role you've been assigned. In addition to respecting and working within a company's culture, once you start your position, it's time for you to show initiative (Iannarino, n.d.). Demonstrate\u00a0an interest in learning and contributing to the organization's goals and objectives and you will\u00a0stand out from other employees.\r\n\r\nAct without waiting to be told what to do and persistently follow through on work responsibilities, regardless of the obstacles. Think about ways to improve operations, and come up with new ideas, while presenting these in a way that shows you respect management's expertise. It's up to you to signal\u00a0to your employer that you're someone who can be counted on and you have leadership potential. Some ways of showing initiative include:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Asking to observe a meeting<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Asking to shadow a manager in another department<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Reading through company policies and plans, and asking questions about them<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Offering to bring your skills to the table to make a difference,\u00a0such as setting up a social media account for the company or creating a training manual for future students in your position<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nOften, you'll be able to take advantage of project work at school to accomplish some of the above.\r\n<h3>Practise Conflict Management and Resolution<\/h3>\r\nThe majority of tourism and hospitality employers stress that <strong>conflict management<\/strong> is an essential skill in this customer-service driven industry (LinkBC, 2014). It's up to you to practise these skills at your workplace.\r\n\r\nIn most conflicts, the ultimate goal must be to find a resolution. Avoiding\u00a0or ignoring conflict\u00a0is not an effective strategy. While resolving conflict can be uncomfortable, unresolved conflict actually makes the situation\u00a0worse. Generally, conflicts have more than one cause. How you choose to resolve conflicts will ultimately demonstrate your\u00a0ability to be professional and move upward in your career.\r\n\r\nConsider the following three steps to resolving conflicts both at work and in the classroom.\r\n<h4>Listen<\/h4>\r\nIf at all possible, try not to take the situation or comments\u00a0personally.\u00a0Do not\u00a0make assumptions about people's motivations. Jumping to conclusions adds to the conflict and creates more tension and issues to work though.\r\n\r\nConsider that if there is a conflict, you might not\u00a0have fully understood the issue\u00a0or your part in it. While you\u00a0may not like the style or approach of the person you're interacting with, set the goal of\u00a0listening with acceptance with the intent to resolve the conflict. Convey that you are listening respectfully through your body language and tone of voice, and don\u2019t interrupt. If there are several people involved, let everyone have a chance to speak.\r\n<h4>Reflect and Summarize<\/h4>\r\nIf you need to, silently count to 10 in your head to give yourself the time to respond appropriately.\u00a0Acknowledge your commitment to resolving the conflict, and clarify how the other person is feeling about it. When people feel listened to, they are often willing to take the first step toward trust, which then creates willingness to work through the issue. Summarizing what the other person has said allows you to ensure that you've fully captured his or her position.\r\n\r\nFocus on appreciating what the other person is saying and thinking to understand the source of conflict. Ask what the other person believes would resolve\u00a0the conflict. Focus the conversation on mutually resolving the issue.\r\n<h4>Respond<\/h4>\r\nAllow\u00a0each person the opportunity to explore solutions equally. Take a break from the process if you need to, and come back to the conflict when you feel refreshed. Often the solution is through compromise, because no one is all wrong or all right in any given situation. Each time you're given the chance to respond, do your best to keep language neutral.\r\n\r\nBy maturely moving through the process of listening, reflecting, summarizing, and responding (and sometimes going back to the start again), you'll not only demonstrate your workplace potential, but gain valuable skills for your personal life.\r\n\r\nWhile adapting to organizational\u00a0culture, demonstrating strong on-the-job performance, and practising\u00a0conflict resolution are important, there are many skills to be learned in the workplace. Others include\u00a0the ability to apply critical thinking, acting as a global citizen, and working as part of a team. With this in mind,\u00a0let's have a look at success stories in our industry\u00a0\u2014 graduates who possess these skills and attributes, and have used them to propel their careers forward.\r\n<h2>Tourism and Hospitality Success Stories<\/h2>\r\nJust a few years ago the professionals highlighted in this section were students in the classroom. Here, they tell us first-hand what you need to know in order to grow in BC's tourism and hospitality industry. These success stories span the following sectors:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Accommodation (account manager, rooms division coordinator)<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Recreation and entertainment (project coordinator, conference services manager, entrepreneur and small business owner)<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Travel services (long-range planner, travel designer,\u00a0industry and communications services manager)<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nAs you read their stories,\u00a0you'll see that many of the themes explored in this chapter are echoed in their advice. Please note that these profiles were current as of spring 2015 - some\u00a0of these grads may already be on to the next big thing in their careers!\r\n<h3>Accommodation<\/h3>\r\n<h4>Brock Martin, Account Manager<\/h4>\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_422\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"200\"]<a href=\"http:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/introtourism\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/38\/2014\/12\/BrockMartin.jpg\"><img class=\"wp-image-422 size-full\" alt=\"&quot;&quot;\" src=\"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/introtourism\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/38\/2016\/11\/BrockMartin.jpg\" width=\"200\" height=\"200\" \/><\/a> Figure 13.5 Brock Martin[\/caption]\r\n\r\nBrock manages accounts for Canada Booking.com Online Reservations Inc. He graduated with a bachelor of hospitality management at Vancouver Community College in 2010. Brock says:\r\n<blockquote>\r\n<div>\r\n\r\nI oversee more than\u00a0300 accommodations on Vancouver Island and am their point of contact for day-to-day support and for assisting them in maximizing their listing\u2019s potential with Booking.com. When I moved to Vancouver in 2004, I started my first hotel job at the Westin Bayshore as a banquet server. I still remember my first day; we had to serve a dinner for over 1,200 people, and I remember that despite how crazy it was I knew this was the industry for me!\r\n\r\nFrom there, I moved to the Pacific Palisades Hotel in banquets, and then I was given an opportunity to move to the front desk.\u00a0I remember thinking at first that I didn't\u00a0belong at the front desk as I had always just done food and beverage. I did not think I would fit the position. Well, I was wrong! I \u00a0immediately knew I loved the interactions with the guests.\r\n\r\nI progressed with my career, moving from a front desk agent to an assistant front office manager, where I stayed until the hotel unfortunately closed its doors in 2010. Following the Palisades, I held various front office management positions with Coast Hotels and Delta Hotels in Vancouver, Nanaimo, and Whistler. In 2013, I was presented with an opportunity to join Booking.com as an account manager, where I am presently working.\r\n\r\nTaking courses related to hospitality management and tourism will really assist in developing your career.\u00a0Once in a workplace setting, continued education is key. Look for opportunities for cross training and job shadowing, and ask Human Resources about internal training programs to further your understanding.\r\n\r\nStudents entering this industry need to have a passion for guest services and for helping people. They need to be able to think quickly and be a good problem solver. This is a fast-paced, ever-evolving industry and doesn\u2019t fit someone who likes routine. No two days are ever the same, and that is what I love! Remain flexible and do not be afraid to try new things. Have an open mind and challenge yourself to think outside of the box.\r\n\r\nSpecific things students can do to get ahead include networking, further training, and volunteering. Remember, the industry is very large, yet small at the same time. Take opportunities to volunteer as these are great networking opportunities as well. I couldn\u2019t picture myself in any other industry. It is challenging, yet rewarding, and best of all, it is a lot of fun!\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/blockquote>\r\n<h4>Katie Clarke, Marketing\u00a0Coordinator<\/h4>\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_426\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"189\"]<a href=\"http:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/introtourism\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/38\/2014\/12\/KatelynClarke.jpg\"><img class=\"wp-image-426 size-full\" alt=\"&quot;&quot;\" src=\"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/introtourism\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/38\/2016\/11\/KatelynClarke.jpg\" width=\"189\" height=\"275\" \/><\/a> Figure 13.6 Katie Clarke[\/caption]\r\n\r\nKatie works at the Parkside Hotel &amp; Spa in Victoria, BC. She graduated with a diploma in hospitality management from Vancouver Island University in 2011. Katie says:\r\n<blockquote>\r\n<div>\r\n\r\nMy initial hotel job was with the Fairmont Empress housekeeping department during my first co-op work term,\u00a0a temporary two-month position after which I returned for my second year of schooling. After graduating from Vancouver Island University, I completed my last co-op semester by working at the Queen Victoria Hotel and Suites as a guest services agent. My employment continued there\u00a0after my co-op term was complete, and lasted until the hotel was sold in October 2012. I left with a wealth of knowledge in guest services.\r\n\r\nI began working at the Parkside Hotel &amp; Spa at the time it was purchased by a group of Vancouver Island local investors. I started in reservations, which was a new department in the early stages of development, and my skills and qualifications played a large role in assisting with the department's foundations. I worked as a reservations agent for seven months before I was promoted to the position of rooms division coordinator. In this position, I assisted in supervising the department, as well as taking on some marketing responsibilities such as keeping the hotel website up-to-date, social media, print materials, and much, much more. The role became a jack-of-all-trades position and was\u00a0a great experience! In fact, I used what I learned in that role to obtain my current position of marketing coordinator.\r\n\r\nMy advice for students is that\u00a0any related education will always help get your foot in the door of a hotel. All applicable work experience, skills, and knowledge can also be an advantage. If you are a hard worker, a team player, and willing to help out when other departments need it, you will be successful in any job you do.\r\n\r\nStudents should understand that the hospitality field can be a career. Some people view a job in the hospitality industry as temporary or seasonal employment, but it can be a career with many exciting opportunities if you stick with it. The great thing about working in a hotel is that there are so many different departments to explore. The options are endless.\r\n\r\nNetworking can provide an advantage in this industry. If you contact your tourism bureau, it can connect you to organizations to help you further your industry network. Creating great workplace relationships also fosters getting ahead in any industry. Be sure to keep up with new training and volunteering, as that can be a great advantage, and most workplaces encourage it!\r\n\r\nThough every job will come with its tough days, push past them as there are so many better days ahead! Work hard and it will pay off!\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/blockquote>\r\n<h3>Recreation and Entertainment<\/h3>\r\n<h4>Ana Rowinska, Project Coordinator<\/h4>\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_421\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"375\"]<a href=\"http:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/introtourism\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/38\/2014\/12\/AnaRowinski.jpg\"><img class=\"wp-image-421\" alt=\"&quot;&quot;\" src=\"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/introtourism\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/38\/2016\/11\/AnaRowinski-300x225.jpg\" width=\"375\" height=\"281\" \/><\/a> Figure 13.7 Ana Rowinska[\/caption]\r\n\r\nAna works for MCI Group Canada. She has multiple credentials including a hospitality restaurant management diploma from Douglas College (2005), an Event Marketing Association certificate from BCIT (2008), and a bachelor of tourism management from Capilano University (2013). Ana says:\r\n<blockquote>\r\n<div>\r\n\r\nMy love for travel and hospitality were key reasons I took the hospitality restaurant management diploma program at Douglas College. After receiving my diploma, I decided to focus on event marketing and enrolled at BCIT for further training.\r\n\r\nStudents interested in getting into events and or event marketing need to be able to multi-task, be organized, and have a hard work ethic. Both education and experience are important to work as an event coordinator. You need to know the ins and outs of the industry by working in events, and you also need to understand the back-end strategies of how to implement, organize, and plan events.\r\n\r\nThe events industry is not your typical nine-to-five\u00a0job. Long workdays are common, and you can expect to sometimes work 16 or more hours in one day to get the job done.\u00a0Events can happen any day of the week, at any time. Commitment and the ability to be flexible is key as you are always the first one on scene and the last one to leave. You need to have patience, be organized, and be able to deal with stress.\r\n\r\nMany students expect to be hired at at a high level right after graduation, but in truth, most will be entering the workforce in their respective fields in an entry-level position. You'll need to be prepared to work toward gaining experience with your company before you can move into a supervisor or manager position. My advice is to work hard, learn, and ask questions, and you will succeed.\r\n\r\nVolunteering or working part time with events is key as you will not only gain valuable industry experience, you will also be networking with your future peers. Experience is invaluable in our sector, so the more events you work or volunteer in, the more opportunities you will have to expand your network and meet key stakeholders in the event industry.\r\n\r\nTo be successful, you need to be organized, have excellent communication skills, and be able to handle stress and pressure. Don't get discouraged if things don't happen exactly like you planned; life throws you curve balls, and it's how you deal with those curve balls that allows you to succeed in our industry.\r\n\r\nThroughout my career, I have needed to make decisions on what was next for me. You never know which job may lead you to where, so treat each job as a stepping stone to move ahead in your career.\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/blockquote>\r\n<h4>Christine McCann, Senior Conference Services Manager<\/h4>\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_423\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"178\"]<a href=\"http:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/introtourism\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/38\/2014\/12\/ChristineMcCann.jpg\"><img class=\"wp-image-423 size-medium\" alt=\"&quot;&quot;\" src=\"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/introtourism\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/38\/2016\/11\/ChristineMcCann-178x300.jpg\" width=\"178\" height=\"300\" \/><\/a> Figure 13.8 Christine McCann[\/caption]\r\n\r\nChristine is in senior management at the Fairmont Chateau Whistler. She graduated from the Douglas College program in hotel and restaurant management in 2006. Christine says:\r\n<blockquote>\r\n<div>\r\n\r\nI started at the Fairmont Chateau Whistler as a SWEP (student work experience) student in the banquet department. From there,\u00a0I became very interested in the organization and execution of events, weddings, and\u00a0conferences. During my time as a banquet server, I was able to cross train with conference services, allowing me to gain insights into the skills and knowledge required to be a successful member of the that team. When a position opened up for a conference services coordinator, I was overjoyed to receive a role as part of this fantastic team! Seven years have passed, and I am now in the position of senior conference services manager, taking care of many large groups throughout the year.\r\n\r\nEvent and conference planning is a very interesting blend of roles: being on the floor with clients and groups but also completing many administrative tasks and paperwork to ensure plans are effectively communicated. A positive attitude, passion for creating outstanding events, and an eye for detail are three key qualities needed. Members of my team have moved here from many other departments, including banquets, front office, sales, and\u00a0food and beverage; however, having a base of operations experience is the normal pathway to a position in conference services.\r\n\r\nBeing successful in a conference services role takes passion and an understanding and appreciation for the guest experience. We are ambassadors for our brand to our guests -- 100 to\u00a01,000 guests at a time --\u00a0and it is important that we ensure each one feels a special connection to our venue and location.\r\n\r\nA positive attitude, willingness to learn and passion for whatever role you choose will always help you on the road to success.\r\n\r\nVolunteering is a fantastic way to try out new roles and meet great contacts. Hands-on experience can be invaluable in the future. Continuing to seek knowledge, through training, education, industry events -- whatever method is interesting for you -- will also be beneficial.\r\n\r\nLove what you do, work hard, and\u00a0listen!\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/blockquote>\r\n<h4>David Woolridge, Entrepreneur and Small Business Owner<\/h4>\r\nDavid is the owner and founder of Ridge Wilderness Adventures Ltd. He graduated from the outdoor recreation management program at Capilano University\u00a0in 2002. David says:\r\n<blockquote>\r\n<div>\r\n\r\nI love people and I love being outside,\u00a0so I searched for positions that would fill that need. I have worked at canoe rental companies, guiding outfits, first-aid schools, retail shops, construction, and anything else that I could get my hands on.\r\n\r\nI recommend students get into the field by one of two means: enter a specific program like the one at Capilano University, or contact a company that does the work they would like to do and apply. If applying directly doesn't work, ask the company what it is looking for in a person to be employable.\r\n\r\nThis work is for those who don't like to have a fixed routine and who thrive on problem solving and like to do different things all the time. If you prefer a set schedule and set pay, it is probably not for you.\r\n\r\nIt\u2019s an amazing job where we get to work at what we love. To succeed in this line of work, attitude and availability trump aptitude. If you would like to have a lucrative career in the outdoors, you need to possess an outgoing, friendly, hardworking attitude. This style of work is not nine-to-five;\u00a0in fact, it\u2019s the opposite of that. Your ability to work when the work is there is key to success. Obviously, you need to have the ability to do the work, but 9 times out of 10, if that's all you have you will not succeed.\r\n\r\nThis industry is all about the people that you know. Go to every event and course you can to meet people and get known. Most places will give you the training; you need to do the work if your attitude is right, so sort out what you need before you start.\r\n\r\nIf you love the outdoors, love people, and want to have fun for work, this is what you should do.\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/blockquote>\r\n<h3>Travel Services<\/h3>\r\n<h4>Cleopatra Corbett, Long-Range Planner<\/h4>\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_424\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"240\"]<a href=\"http:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/introtourism\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/38\/2014\/12\/CleoCorbett.jpg\"><img class=\"wp-image-424 size-medium\" alt=\"&quot;&quot;\" src=\"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/introtourism\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/38\/2016\/11\/CleoCorbett-240x300.jpg\" width=\"240\" height=\"300\" \/><\/a> Figure 13.9 Cleopatra Corbett[\/caption]\r\n\r\nCleopatra works as a planner for the City of Vernon. She holds a bachelor of tourism management from Vancouver Island University (2004) and completed the urban design certificate at Simon Fraser University in 2012. Cleopatra says:\r\n<blockquote>\r\n<div>\r\n\r\nMy first experience in community planning came during my third-year co-op work term as a planning assistant with the District of Ucluelet. I instantly fell in love with the profession: working with local residents, businesses, non-profits, and elected officials to realize a desired future for the community.\u00a0Upon graduation, I continued to work in Ucluelet, followed by Tofino, Golden, and now Vernon, all in British Columbia.\r\n\r\nIn my field the desired skill set includes\u00a0planning, communication, collaboration, facilitation, public speaking, and report writing. For knowledge, you need\u00a0planning history and theory, community development, environmental stewardship, marketing, and statistical and research methods. As for education, you want to study\u00a0planning, geography, urban design, tourism, recreation, history, and law.\r\n\r\nCommunity planning is incredibly challenging and rewarding work. Put simply, your work can have a tremendous impact on the environment and the quality of life for residents in your community. You help the community dream about a desired future and then develop policy to make it happen.\r\n\r\nMy advice would be to have mentors you respect and admire, and to meet with them regularly to ask questions and look for advice. Always do your best, work hard with integrity, be kind, tell the truth, and do what you love.\r\n\r\nGet experience before graduating through volunteer work, internships, and\/or co-op work terms. Also, try to apply course projects in university to real-world projects for businesses, non-profits, or governments in order to gain meaningful applied experience. Interview people who are in positions that interest you; ask questions and don\u2019t be afraid to ask for help.\r\n\r\nIf you are willing to move, you can get any type of job you desire. Being mobile enhances your opportunities. Practise life-long learning and strive for a healthy work-life balance. Follow your bliss and make the world a better place.\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/blockquote>\r\n<h4>Marie-Catherine Lapointe, Travel Designer Team Lead<\/h4>\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_428\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"300\"]<a href=\"http:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/introtourism\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/38\/2014\/12\/Marie-CatherineLapointe.jpg\"><img class=\"wp-image-428 size-medium\" alt=\"&quot;&quot;\" src=\"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/introtourism\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/38\/2016\/11\/Marie-CatherineLapointe-300x223.jpg\" width=\"300\" height=\"223\" \/><\/a> Figure 13.10 Marie-Catherine Lapointe[\/caption]\r\n\r\nMarie-Catherine is a travel designer with Discover Holidays Inc. She graduated from Capilano University with a diploma of tourism management in 2012. Marie-Catherine says:\r\n<blockquote>\r\n<div>\r\n\r\nWhen I graduated, I knew that I wanted to work in travel services as a central part of the industry with touch points in every other sector, so when a posting to be a travel designer for a receptive tour operator came up, I jumped at the chance. I was excited to be working to bring clients from all over the world to Canada, and I took in every opportunity to learn about the many aspects of the company, including product, marketing, and sales.\r\n\r\nStudents wanting to get into the tour operator sector need to have a tourism education to really understand the intricacies of the sectors in the industry, as well as skills in customer service, sales, cultural practices (particularly dealing with international clients), marketing, and a real passion for the products they are selling. Teamwork is crucial on our small team, as is being intrinsically motivated to provide the best experience for clients.\r\n\r\nFirst,\u00a0receptive tour operators are not travel agents, nor do they operate the tours. We work with travel agents, wholesale agents, and occasionally with clients directly. However, it is mainly a B2B model. Receptive tour operators are in a dynamic workplace, with opportunities to learn and gain experience in other sectors and fields, as well as hone customer service and sales skills.\r\n\r\nMy advice is to really take hold of every opportunity that is presented, and to never stop learning about the industry. This is a very social industry and building a large solid network can help with future opportunities. Build up your customer service experience, whether it's through front-line jobs or volunteering, and attend networking events. Schools often host or sponsor these, and students should be attending them all.\r\n\r\nThis is a really fun industry, and with so many sectors and positions available, I really believe that there is something for everyone in tourism.\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/blockquote>\r\n<h4>Jody Young, Industry and Community Services Manager<\/h4>\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_425\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"217\"]<a href=\"http:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/introtourism\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/38\/2014\/12\/JodyYoung.jpg\"><img class=\"wp-image-425 size-medium\" alt=\"&quot;&quot;\" src=\"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/introtourism\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/38\/2016\/11\/JodyYoung-217x300.jpg\" width=\"217\" height=\"300\" \/><\/a> Figure 13.11 Jody Young[\/caption]\r\n\r\nJody works for Tourism Vancouver Island. She\u00a0holds a bachelor of tourism management from Vancouver Island University (2008). Jody says:\r\n<blockquote>\r\n<div>\r\n\r\nAfter graduation, it took a year and a half before I got my big break into the industry. I\u2019m thankful for the time it took for my career to really start as it provided me the opportunity to travel around Southeast Asia. I started at Tourism Vancouver Island in an entry-level position as the distribution coordinator. After just one year in the role I was promoted to industry services coordinator where I was coordinating the association\u2019s annual conference and AGM and conducting accommodation inspections. After another year and a half,\u00a0I was promoted again to management level within the organization to the role I am currently in. As industry and\u00a0community services manager,\u00a0I oversee many portfolios for the organization such as community tourism development, event management, research, and promotion of the value of tourism.\r\n\r\nThe tourism management degree program at Vancouver Island University definitely set me up for success in this role. I highly recommend completing the four-year degree and getting as much hands-on, real-world experience that you can while completing your education. Employers will be looking for proven successes and workplace skills, not just completion of courses.\r\n\r\nAlthough the tourism industry is vast with many desirable, well-paying career opportunities, it is still fairly new. The industry has room to grow on communicating that it is a key economic and social contributor to our province and country.\r\n\r\nI would advise students to jump at an entry-level opportunity as it will be your door to advancing in your career in a particular organization. Once you\u2019ve got your foot in the door, demonstrate your ability and you will soon find bigger opportunities presented to you. If I didn\u2019t take the entry-level opportunity that was presented to me, I wouldn\u2019t be in the role I am in today.\r\n\r\nStudents can get ahead by taking advantage of student rates at industry events. By attending these industry events you will rub shoulders with the folks who are at the top of the game in this industry and\u00a0meeting potential future employers. Look for opportunities for mentorship programs or internships to gain that workplace experience as well.\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/blockquote>\r\n<h2>Conclusion<\/h2>\r\nAs you can see, successful tourism and hospitality careers depend on reaching out and meeting people (networking), gaining practical experience, having a great attitude and work ethic, and committing to ongoing learning about the world, the industry, and yourself.\r\n\r\nWith diligence and a sense of exploration, you can launch your dream career in tourism and hospitality, today.\u00a0Remember that career planning is an ongoing process -- the more you practise the steps in this chapter, the more likely your success.\r\n\r\nNow that you've explored the five sectors of tourism, special considerations, and your own place in the industry, it's time to deepen your understanding. Chapter 14, on globalization\u00a0and trends, will help you appreciate\u00a0the big picture of\u00a0tourism and hospitality.\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--key-takeaways\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Key Terms<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li><strong>Career planning<\/strong>: a series of deliberate steps with outcomes to help individuals achieve their short- and long-term career goals<\/li>\r\n \t<li><strong>Conflict management:<\/strong> the practice of being able to identify and handle conflicts sensibly, fairly, and efficiently<\/li>\r\n \t<li><strong>Co-op education: <\/strong>a special program offered by a college\/university in which students alternate work and study, usually spending a number of weeks in full-time study and a number in full-time employment away from the campus<\/li>\r\n \t<li><strong>Experiential learning: <\/strong>learning that takes place when a student directly participates in experiences designed for a learning purpose; takes place both inside and outside of the classroom, and involves reflection as well as action<\/li>\r\n \t<li><strong>Hidden job market:<\/strong> employment opportunities that aren't posted through traditional channels, but rather arise because of a person's connections and relationships<\/li>\r\n \t<li><strong>Informational interview:<\/strong> a short appointment where you learn about an employer, or a specific role, from someone already established in the field<\/li>\r\n \t<li><strong>Internship:<\/strong> short-term, supervised work experience in a student\u2019s field of interest for which the student may earn academic credit<\/li>\r\n \t<li><strong>Networking:<\/strong> creating relationships within a sector for the purpose of enhancing and developing one\u2019s professional identity<\/li>\r\n \t<li><strong>Organizational culture:<\/strong> ways of acting, values, and beliefs shared within an organization<\/li>\r\n \t<li><strong>Personal attributes:\u00a0<\/strong>describe what you are like as a person\/employee, such as\u00a0your attitude,\u00a0personality type, and so on<\/li>\r\n \t<li><strong>Practicum:\u00a0<\/strong>practical experiences outside the classroom supported by professionals in a workplace environment<\/li>\r\n \t<li><strong>Self-assessment<\/strong>: informal and formal methods of gathering information about yourself to make career decisions<\/li>\r\n \t<li><strong><strong>Service learning:<\/strong><\/strong> course-based, credit-bearing educational experience in which students participate in organized service that meets community needs and reflect on the service<\/li>\r\n \t<li><strong>Technical skills:\u00a0<\/strong>skills and knowledge required to perform specific work<\/li>\r\n \t<li><strong>Transferable skills:<\/strong> skills required to perform a variety of tasks\u00a0that can be transferred from one type of job\u00a0to another<\/li>\r\n \t<li><strong>Values:<\/strong> an individual\u2019s ways of living and making decisions that are congruent with his or her beliefs and principles<\/li>\r\n \t<li><strong>Volunteering:\u00a0<\/strong>performing a service without pay in order to obtain work experience, learn new skills, meet people, contribute to community, and contribute to a cause<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div><\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--exercises\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Exercises<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n \t<li>Describe the steps of career planning.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Identify your\u00a0technical and transferable skills, and personal attributes.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Share your draft resume and cover letter with a trusted classmate, friend, or family member. What feedback do they have for you? What did you do well, and what needs improving?<\/li>\r\n \t<li>The act of creating professional relationships is referred to as_________________.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>List the ways job seekers connect to potential employment opportunities.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Based on your career plan, identify additional training, development, and continued learning you will need for professional success.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Define experiential learning. What are the common types of experiential learning options?<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Why is it important to understand an organization's culture and social norms?<\/li>\r\n \t<li>What are the steps in conflict management resolution? Think back to a recent dispute you have had. How might these steps have changed the outcome?<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Pick one success story that resonates with you. What are three key things you learned from the experience you have read about?<\/li>\r\n<\/ol><\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<h2>References<\/h2>\r\nBringle, R.G., &amp; Hatcher, J.A. (1995). A service-learning curriculum for faculty. <em>Michigan Journal of Community Service Learning, 2<\/em>, 112-122.\r\n\r\n<em>Collins English Dictionary - Complete &amp; Unabridged 10th Edition<\/em>. (2012). <a href=\"http:\/\/dictionary.reference.com\/browse\/organizational%20culture\">Organizational culture.<\/a> Retrieved from\u00a0http:\/\/dictionary.reference.com\/browse\/organizational culture\r\n\r\nConnectEd. (2011). <a href=\"http:\/\/www.connectedcalifornia.org\/direct\/files\/LLAWBLCareerPracticum_FINAL_10-5-11_noLLA%20logo.pdf\" target=\"_self\"><em>Career practicum: A work-based learning strategy.<\/em> [PDF]<\/a> The California Center for College and Career. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.connectedcalifornia.org\/direct\/files\/LLAWBLCareerPracticum_FINAL_10-5-11_noLLA%20logo.pdf\r\n\r\nContactPoint. (2014a). <a href=\"http:\/\/contactpoint.ca\/wikis\/experiential-learning\"><em>Experiential learning<\/em>.<\/a> Retrieved from http:\/\/contactpoint.ca\/wikis\/experiential-learning\/\r\n\r\nContactPoint. (2014b). <a href=\"http:\/\/contactpoint.ca\/wikis\/co-op-education\/\"><em>Co-operative education<\/em>.<\/a> Retrieved from http:\/\/contactpoint.ca\/wikis\/co-op-education\/\r\n\r\nContactPoint. (2014c). <a href=\"http:\/\/contactpoint.ca\/wikis\/internship\/\"><em>Internship.<\/em><\/a> Retrieved from http:\/\/contactpoint.ca\/wikis\/internship\/\r\n\r\nIannarino, Anthony S. (n.d.).<a href=\"http:\/\/thesalesblog.com\/blog\/2010\/01\/30\/initiative-the-ability-to-take-action-proactively\/\"><em> Initiative: The ability to take action proactively<\/em><\/a>. Retrieved from\r\nhttp:\/\/thesalesblog.com\/blog\/2010\/01\/30\/initiative-the-ability-to-take-action-proactively\/\r\n\r\nLinkBC. (2014). <a href=\"http:\/\/linkbc.ca\/siteFiles\/85\/files\/2014RoundtableDialogueCafeReport.pdf\" target=\"_self\"><em>LinkBC roundtable 2014: Dialogue cafe.<\/em> [PDF]<\/a> Retrieved from\u00a0http:\/\/linkbc.ca\/siteFiles\/85\/files\/2014RoundtableDialogueCafeReport.pdf\r\n\r\nLorenzo, G., &amp; Ittelson, J. (2005). <a href=\"http:\/\/www.case.edu\/artsci\/cosi\/cspl\/documents\/eportfolio-Educausedocument.pdf\">An overview of e-portfolios. [PDF]<\/a> <em>Educause learning initiative<\/em>, <em>1<\/em>, 1-27. Retrieved from\u00a0www.case.edu\/artsci\/cosi\/cspl\/documents\/eportfolio-Educausedocument.pdf\r\n\r\nPickerell, D.A. (2014). Work search strategies. In Blythe C. Shepard and Priya S. Mani (Eds.). <a href=\"http:\/\/contactpoint.ca\/wikis\/volunteering\/\"><em>Career development practice in Canada: Perspectives, principles and professionalism.<\/em><\/a> Toronto, ON: Canadian Education and Research Institute for Counselling (CERIC), p. 215. Retrieved from\u00a0http:\/\/contactpoint.ca\/wikis\/volunteering\/\r\n\r\nRosenberg McKay, D. (2014). <a href=\"http:\/\/careerplanning.about.com\/od\/selfassessment\/g\/def_selfassess.htm\" target=\"_self\"><em>About careers: Self assessment.<\/em><\/a> Retrieved from http:\/\/careerplanning.about.com\/od\/selfassessment\/g\/def_selfassess.htm\r\n\r\nShepard, B. &amp; Mani, P. (2013).<em>Career development practice in Canada: Perspectives, principles and professionalism.<\/em><span> Toronto, ON: Canadian Education and Research Institute for Counselling (CERIC).\u00a0<\/span>\r\n<h2>Attributions<\/h2>\r\n<strong>\u00a0Figure 13.1<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/83374808@N05\/15102927293\/\">VIU\u00a0diploma winners<\/a>\u00a0by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/83374808@N05\/\">LinkBC<\/a> is\u00a0used under a\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/\">CC-BY 2.0<\/a>\u00a0license.\r\n\r\n<strong>Figure 13.2\u00a0<\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/buyalex\/3420741751\/in\/photolist-7DBzVk-78W2Go-9y6J4c-k8FtG-nbAtrh-7vHmpF-5y1i36-6dhcm4-5t2W32-6YwN6P-9KBih3-nbAjUM-moo8M-kDULWi-k8Ftc-7PziDt-k8FsN-5WxC5T-9MEDRz-9w2Wsw-7VNKEc-9rEGn9-xCc8b-8X1U2q-5VqP3Y-7A3LfC-8XgGw7-5bB88B-4ZjbeX-nt5Noi-jZgoHy-2ZvhMZ-4ZzAKX-oj9v6a-h5H4KB-dUs4RP-Bt8nA-eLeaTP-6TGyGN-bt2WJr-5pCkeu-5ZhHd-9vYVjP-61CgHh-6U2HY8-5VqP3S-b7r6g-5VqP47-aUNYCM-7VckqC\">Green Resume CV &amp; Business Card<\/a>\u00a0by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/buyalex\/\">buyalex<\/a>\u00a0is\u00a0used under a\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/\">CC-BY 2.0<\/a>\u00a0license.\r\n\r\n<strong>Figure 13.3<\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/83374808@N05\/8389060230\/in\/set-72157632539319305\">006 LinkBC Student-Industry Rendezvous 2013<\/a>\u00a0by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/83374808@N05\/\">LinkBC<\/a> is\u00a0used under a <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/\">CC BY 2.0<\/a> license.\r\n\r\n<strong>Figure 13.4<\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/83374808@N05\/12072578584\/in\/set-72157639739931796\">West Coast Sightseeing's booth<\/a>\u00a0by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/83374808@N05\/\">LinkBC<\/a> is\u00a0used under a\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/2.0\/\">CC-BY-NC-SA 2.0<\/a>\u00a0license.\r\n\r\n<strong>Figure 13.5<\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/83374808@N05\/15714643363\/in\/photostream\/\">Brock Martin<\/a>\u00a0by <span>Melissa Phung for\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/83374808@N05\/\">LinkBC<\/a> is used under a\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/2.0\/\">CC-BY-NC-ND 2.0<\/a>\u00a0license.\r\n\r\n<strong>Figure 13.6<\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/83374808@N05\/16146969948\/in\/photostream\/\">Katelyn Clarke<\/a>\u00a0by <span>Vivian Kereki for<\/span>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/83374808@N05\/\">LinkBC<\/a> is used under a\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/2.0\/\">CC-BY-NC-ND 2.0<\/a>\u00a0license.\r\n\r\n<strong>Figure 13.7\u00a0<\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/83374808@N05\/15714644353\/\">Anna Rowinska<\/a> by <span> Karl Rowinski for<\/span>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/83374808@N05\/\">LinkBC<\/a>\u00a0<span>is\u00a0used\u00a0under a\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/2.0\/\">CC-BY-NC-ND 2.0<\/a><span>\u00a0license.<\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Figure 13.8<\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/83374808@N05\/16332789191\/in\/photostream\/\">Christine McCann<\/a>\u00a0by Beth Pink for <a href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/83374808@N05\/\">LinkBC<\/a>\u00a0is\u00a0used under a\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/2.0\/\">CC-BY-NC-ND 2.0<\/a>\u00a0license.\r\n\r\n<strong>Figure 13.9<\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/83374808@N05\/16148369169\/in\/photostream\/\">Cleo Corbett<\/a>\u00a0by Digital Dean Photography\u00a0<span>for <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/83374808@N05\/\">LinkBC<\/a>\u00a0is\u00a0used\u00a0under a\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/2.0\/\">CC-BY-NC-ND 2.0<\/a>\u00a0license.\r\n\r\n<strong>Figure 13.10\u00a0<\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/83374808@N05\/16332769721\/\">Marie-Catherine Lapointe<\/a>\u00a0<span>by Marie-Catherine Lapointe for\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/83374808@N05\/\">LinkBC<\/a> is\u00a0used\u00a0under a\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/2.0\/\">CC-BY-NC-ND 2.0<\/a>\u00a0license.\r\n\r\n<strong>Figure 13.11<\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/83374808@N05\/16146959818\/in\/photostream\/\">Jody Young<\/a>\u00a0by Landon Sveinson Photography <span>for\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/83374808@N05\/\">LinkBC<\/a>\u00a0is\u00a0used\u00a0under a\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/2.0\/\">CC-BY-NC-ND 2.0<\/a>\u00a0license.","rendered":"<div class=\"textbox textbox--learning-objectives\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Learning Objectives<\/p>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<ul>\n<li>Identify and define the steps in career planning<\/li>\n<li>Identify aspects of labour market information<\/li>\n<li>Compare and describe types of work learning experiences<\/li>\n<li>Describe tools and strategies to successfully complete work experience<\/li>\n<li>Explore career management strategies for workplace success<\/li>\n<li>Review industry career profiles and professions for common themes<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2>Overview<\/h2>\n<p>This chapter is divided into three parts. First, we&#8217;ll learn the essential steps of <strong>career planning<\/strong>. Then we&#8217;ll take a look at the types of work experience you can engage in while still at school. Finally, we&#8217;ll explore how you can\u00a0integrate your planning with your education and\u00a0experiences, and we&#8217;ll hear\u00a0from graduates who have been successful in their career choices.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_559\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-559\" style=\"width: 400px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/introtourism\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/38\/2014\/12\/VIUWInners.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-559\" alt=\"&quot;&quot;\" src=\"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/introtourism\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/38\/2016\/11\/VIUWInners-300x183.jpg\" width=\"400\" height=\"244\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-559\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Figure 13.1 Students from Vancouver Island University win recognition and gain experience at the LinkBC Student Case Competition<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Let&#8217;s start with a review of the essential steps in the career planning process.<\/p>\n<h2>Career Planning<\/h2>\n<p>Shepard and Mani define career planning &#8220;as an ongoing process through which an individual sets career goals and identifies the means to achieve them&#8221; (2013, p. 14). It is through career planning that a person evaluates abilities and interests, assesses values and personality, considers alternative career opportunities, establishes career goals, and plans practical developmental activities.<\/p>\n<p>Career planning requires individuals to understand themselves and their values, interests, and skills. It is also an ongoing process, one that must be repeated with changes in employment and life circumstances. As you gain more experience and knowledge, the process will begin anew.<\/p>\n<p>This section reviews the five essential steps of career planning, which are\u00a0based on our research and input from industry experts:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Conduct a self-assessment<\/li>\n<li>Research the labour market<\/li>\n<li>Create your career search toolkit<\/li>\n<li>Put your career campaign into action<\/li>\n<li>Engage in networking<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Let&#8217;s start at step one.<\/p>\n<h3>Step One: Conduct a Self-Assessment<\/h3>\n<p>Self knowledge is the key to choosing a career. It can be overwhelming to begin the process of self-assessment. However, if done well at the start, the likelihood of securing work that has meaning, purpose, and fulfillment is far greater. Understanding your preferences, knowing your strengths, and honestly facing the areas you need to develop are the first steps for effective self-assessment.<\/p>\n<div class=\"textbox shaded\">\n<p><strong>Take a Closer Look: Tourism Careers from the CTHRC<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The Canadian Tourism HR Council (CTHRC) has a website that can help you explore career options. Start with its \u201ctourism career quiz\u201d to see where you might find a fit, and browse the list of job boards and other resources. Check out these <a href=\"http:\/\/www.cthrc.ca\/en\/resources\/tourism_careers\" target=\"_self\">Tourism Career Resources<\/a>: http:\/\/www.cthrc.ca\/en\/resources\/tourism_careers<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>Rosenberg McKay (2014) identifies <strong>self-assessment<\/strong> as &#8220;the process of gathering information about you in order to make a knowledgeable career decision&#8221; and adds that &#8220;a self-assessment should examine values, interests, personality, and skills&#8221; (\u00b6 1). Your <strong>values<\/strong> should guide your decision making to ensure a good fit for both you and your employer.<\/p>\n<div class=\"textbox shaded\">\n<p><strong>Take a Closer Look: Explore Careers by Skills and Knowledge<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The Government of Canada Job Bank website allows you to peruse occupations and explore the skills and knowledge required to work in these fields. Discover what jobs might be a good match for you at\u00a0the <a href=\"http:\/\/www.jobbank.gc.ca\/es_all-eng.do\">Government of Canada Job Bank<\/a>: http:\/\/www.jobbank.gc.ca\/es_all-eng.do<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>Many people find that over the course of their post-secondary program they naturally become more self-aware. It&#8217;s recommended, however, that you take time to do the following in order to facilitate your understanding:<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">1. Think back to when you were a child. What hopes and dreams did you have for yourself? How have these changed?<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">2. Develop a profile of your personality type. One helpful way of classifying personalities was developed by Myers and Briggs. You can learn more about their personality types by visiting their foundation at <a href=\"http:\/\/www.myersbriggs.org\/my-mbti-personality-type\/mbti-basics\/\">Myers and Briggs Personality Types<\/a>: www.myersbriggs.org\/my-mbti-personality-type\/mbti-basics\/.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">3. Do an internet search for terms like <em>personal value statement<\/em> and find examples that inspire you. These may include key words such as loyalty, accountability, determination, and passion. Now create your own unique statement that reflects where you are today.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">4. Gain a better understanding of yourself by learning how others see you. Ask a close friend, family member, or trusted academic contact to write down 10 key words that describe you. Notice where these are different or similar to the words you chose for your value statement.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">5. Go back to the introductory chapter of this textbook and make note of the five key sectors of the tourism industry. With a highlighter or similar tool, choose the two sectors that are the most appealing to you. Why are these of interest? What life experiences or work experience do you have that apply to these sectors? How do they align with your personality type and values?<\/p>\n<p>With this foundation in place, you&#8217;re ready to face employment reality by gaining a greater understanding of the labour market.<\/p>\n<h3>Step Two: Research the Labour Market<\/h3>\n<p>Whether you are career planning for the very\u00a0first\u00a0time or you are trying to\u00a0change careers, gathering labour market information is necessary to ensure your education and training are relevant. Keep in mind that a career is distinct from a job. A job can be a part-time or short-term position, whereas a career is work you plan to explore for the length of your professional life, with each employment opportunity building on the last.<\/p>\n<p>Learning as much as you can about careers within the tourism and hospitality industry will allow you to make good decisions about your future. Some of the activities you can do to complete your research include visiting job boards to identify demand and following companies and sectors in the media.\u00a0Let&#8217;s look at these concepts in more detail.<\/p>\n<h4>Visit Tourism and Hospitality Job Boards to Identify Demand<\/h4>\n<p>It&#8217;s not enough for you to want to work in a certain field &#8212; you have to know what types of jobs are currently being offered. By visiting job boards you can get a sense of which geographic areas have more opportunities, how much different jobs pay, and what kind of experience is required.<\/p>\n<p>Websites you can use for this search include:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The go2HR job board for <a href=\"https:\/\/www.go2hr.ca\/jobboard\" target=\"_self\">tourism and hospitality jobs in BC<\/a>:\u00a0www.go2hr.ca\/jobboard<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.hcareers.ca\" target=\"_self\">Hospitality Works (H Careers)<\/a>:\u00a0www.hcareers.ca<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.hotelleriejobs.com\/en\" target=\"_self\">HotellerieJobs<\/a>:\u00a0www.hotelleriejobs.com\/en<\/li>\n<li>Your local <a href=\"http:\/\/www.craigslist.org\/about\/sites\">Craigslist<\/a> classified listings:\u00a0www.craigslist.org\/about\/sites<\/li>\n<li>Listings specific to resort communities (e.g., Whistler: <a href=\"http:\/\/whistlerchamber.chambermaster.com\/jobs\">Whistler Job Board<\/a>: http:\/\/whistlerchamber.chambermaster.com\/jobs)<\/li>\n<li>Career pages for companies like <a href=\"http:\/\/www.fairmontcareers.com\" target=\"_self\">Fairmont Hotels Careers<\/a> (www.fairmontcareers.com), and <a href=\"http:\/\/joeyrestaurants.com\/careers\/\" target=\"_self\">JOEY Restaurants Careers<\/a> (http:\/\/joeyrestaurants.com\/careers\/)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Make note of any interesting positions, and pay attention to gaps. Compare this to your self-assessment. Where are the opportunities lining up? What changes might you have to make to advance your career? For example, if you&#8217;d like to stay in the same city, but see no jobs posted that match your needs, it might be time to look elsewhere.<\/p>\n<h4>Follow Companies and Sectors in the Media<\/h4>\n<p>Make it a point to follow companies and sectors of interest to you in the media. You can do this by using a search engine to set up notifications (e.g., Google Alerts) about sectors (e.g., restaurants, ski resorts), and following companies on social media (Twitter, Facebook, LinkedIn, Instagram). You can also monitor news from industry associations to read their commentary on issues and trends affecting specific sectors of the industry and\/or geographic regions. This will help you identify growth patterns, understand job market trends, and gain an edge should you have the opportunity to interview.<\/p>\n<p>With this information in hand, you&#8217;ll be ready to create a plan.<\/p>\n<div class=\"textbox shaded\">\n<p><strong>Spotlight On: The go2HR Job Board<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The job board hosted by go2HR is your one-stop shop for tourism and hospitality jobs and careers in BC. Search by geographic region, keyword, and more. For more information, visit the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.go2hr.ca\/jobboard\">go2HR Job Board<\/a>: https:\/\/www.go2hr.ca\/jobboard<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<h3>Step Three:\u00a0Create Your Career\u00a0Search Toolkit<\/h3>\n<p>You have completed your initial research, and now you need to get down to business!\u00a0This step involves getting\u00a0ready to approach employers about specific opportunities.<\/p>\n<p>Identify, and be prepared to provide evidence of, the attributes and skills you possess that would be attractive to an employer. It can be helpful to review these in three categories:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Personal attributes: <\/strong>describe what you are like as a person\/employee (e.g., your values, personality type, personal qualities, and characteristics)<\/li>\n<li><strong>Technical skills: <\/strong>skills and knowledge required to perform specific work (e.g., how to use restaurant Point-of-Sale systems, hotel\u00a0reservations systems, or other computer software)<\/li>\n<li><strong>Transferable skills: <\/strong>skills required to perform a variety of tasks\u00a0that can be transferred from one type of job\u00a0to another (e.g., the ability to read a balance sheet and prepare a budget)<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Use the list of your skills and attributes when you describe yourself in your\u00a0documents.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_561\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-561\" style=\"width: 500px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/introtourism\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/38\/2014\/12\/AlexanderParker.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-561\" alt=\"A stylized set of resumes and business cards with a green border.\" src=\"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/introtourism\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/38\/2016\/11\/AlexanderParker-300x200.jpg\" width=\"500\" height=\"334\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-561\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Figure 13.2 Consider a branded set of tools like resumes and business cards to help you stand out from the crowd.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>A standard set of job search documents includes:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Cover letter: a long-form document of one page that tells a story, illustrating how your skills and experience make you an ideal candidate for the job.<\/li>\n<li>Resume (sometimes called a curriculum vitae or CV): a point-form document, typically two pages, that includes\u00a0your career objective, relevant experience, education, skills, and interests.<\/li>\n<li>Reference list: identifies three or four professional contacts who have worked with you, and can vouch for the quality of your work.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Be\u00a0sure to update these documents each time you apply for a position\u00a0and customize them to the opportunity at hand.<\/p>\n<p>You may also want to consider using social media tools and resources to promote yourself. This may include creating a LinkedIn profile, making a professional (rather than personal) Facebook page, and using Twitter and Instagram to communicate with companies. Some job seekers also use a professional e-portfolio to demonstrate their skills, knowledge, and abilities. Showcasing your experiences with an e-portfolio is one way to stand out from other applicants (Lorenzo &amp; Ittleson, 2005).<\/p>\n<div class=\"textbox shaded\">\n<p><strong>Take a Closer Look: E-portfolio Tools<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>This list, updated regularly, was created by EPAC, the Electronic Portfolio Action &amp; Communication listserv. It provides access to a range of tools for creating e-portfolios with links to key websites. Before using a specific tool, be sure to check with an instructor to see whether your program has recommended e-portfolio platforms at its disposal. To view the list, visit <a href=\"http:\/\/epac.pbworks.com\/w\/page\/12559686\/Evolving%20List%25C2%25A0of%25C2%25A0ePortfolio-related%25C2%25A0Tools\" target=\"_self\">E-portfolio Tools<\/a>: http:\/\/epac.pbworks.com\/w\/page\/12559686\/Evolving%20List%25C2%25A0of%25C2%25A0ePortfolio-related%25C2%25A0Tools<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<h3>Step Four: Put Your Career Campaign into Action<\/h3>\n<p>Now it&#8217;s time to make a list of companies to target, and to approach them.<\/p>\n<p>We&#8217;ve already addressed how you can find opportunities by scanning postings on websites like the go2HR job board. This is a great start, but most work opportunities are found in the <strong>hidden job market, <\/strong>which consists of\u00a0jobs that are not advertised or made public in traditional ways. Many individuals find work in BC&#8217;s tourism and hospitality industry by being\u00a0referred, getting hired\u00a0by someone they already know, or starting at an entry-level position and waiting for future growth opportunities.<\/p>\n<p>If you don&#8217;t have any connections in tourism and hospitality,\u00a0make them!\u00a0List\u00a0all the organizations you&#8217;re interested in working for. Now find some key contacts to meet with. These might be:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The person\u00a0responsible for hiring within the organization (as noted on its website or in its directory)<\/li>\n<li>An alumni from your program already working for the company (ask a faculty member to connect you)<\/li>\n<li>The person who currently works in your\u00a0ideal role within the company<\/li>\n<li>A personal contact (family member, friend, or acquaintance) working at the company<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Approach your potential contact to set up an <strong>informational interview<\/strong>. This is a session where you make contact with individuals\u00a0who can use their first-hand experience to educate you about a particular role or company.<\/p>\n<p>Write a short script that will help you remain focused and appear\u00a0professional as you embark on your first call or send an\u00a0initial email. Here&#8217;s a sample:<\/p>\n<p><em>I have five years\u2019 experience working in the tourism and\/or hospitality field, mainly holding front-end positions. I have increased return visitor numbers and received continuous feedback about my outstanding customer service focus. I am wondering if you have 10 minutes to speak with me.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Your script will change depending on who you are targeting. Prepare a list of questions you want to ask. Remember, at this stage, you are not asking for a job; you&#8217;re asking for advice and gathering information. Don&#8217;t ask obvious questions about information\u00a0already available on the company&#8217;s website or in its print material. Some questions might include:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>What are three words you would use to describe the culture of this company?<\/li>\n<li>In the time that you&#8217;ve worked here, would you say the company has grown? What has changed? What has stayed the same?<\/li>\n<li>What is a day-in-the-life of someone in (name a role) at this company?<\/li>\n<li>What salary range is available for entry-level employees?<\/li>\n<li>What types of training and career path support is offered to employees?<\/li>\n<li>Are there any other people I should be talking to about this? If possible, could you give me their contact information or introduce me to them?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The conversation should be professional but informal in nature, and many of your questions will be answered in the natural flow of the conversation. Take notes as you move through the interview, and\u00a0take a minute after the interview to fill in details you may have missed while you were there.<\/p>\n<p>After the session, always send a thank-you note. Thank the person\u00a0for his or her time, and add something specific you learned in the interview that you believe will be helpful as you navigate your career. Sending an email thank-you is fine, but\u00a0 sending\u00a0a\u00a0written card will help you stand out.<\/p>\n<p>If you&#8217;re given the name of someone else to contact, or you are asked to provide further information, be sure to follow through.\u00a0This is your opportunity to make a good impression on your contact, and the organization.<\/p>\n<h3>Step Five: Engage in Networking<\/h3>\n<p>Developing your professional network as an emerging professional in tourism and hospitality\u00a0is essential. Just as you need to continue to learn and develop your skill sets, you need to develop and nurture your network; it&#8217;s an investment in your future.\u00a0Some ways to do this\u00a0include:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Conducting multiple informational\u00a0interviews (covered in the previous step)<\/li>\n<li>Maintaining contact with\u00a0academic classmates\/faculty<\/li>\n<li>Attending and presenting at conferences<\/li>\n<li>Participating\u00a0in case study competitions and other academic\u00a0contests<\/li>\n<li>Using social media networks and groups<\/li>\n<li>Maintaining good relationships with coworkers at your current job, and staying in touch with people when they leave<\/li>\n<li>Asking family and friends to introduce\u00a0you to tourism and hospitality professionals in their network<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Remember that <strong>networking<\/strong> is equally\u00a0about who you know and\u00a0who knows you; it works both ways. Be\u00a0generous with your contacts, information, and resources. As a new professional, you may not have a developed network, but you can offer your great attitude and valuable ideas, and you will soon gain a reputation as someone who contributes to the field.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_562\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-562\" style=\"width: 500px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/introtourism\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/38\/2014\/12\/Rendezvous.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-562\" alt=\"A crowd of professionally dressed students.\" src=\"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/introtourism\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/38\/2016\/11\/Rendezvous-300x200.jpg\" width=\"500\" height=\"334\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-562\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Figure 13.3 Students eagerly await the start of a networking event<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Now that you have a sense of the steps needed\u00a0to plan your tourism or hospitality career, let&#8217;s have a look at an important tool: work experience, which you can gain\u00a0while still at school to propel you to your ideal career much faster.<\/p>\n<h2>Work Experience<\/h2>\n<p><strong>Experiential learning<\/strong> is &#8220;based on students being directly involved in a learning experience rather than being recipients of ready-made content in the form of lectures&#8221; (ContactPoint, 2014a). Experiential\u00a0learning is:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Action-oriented<\/li>\n<li>Learner-centred<\/li>\n<li>Geared toward process, rather than\u00a0outcomes<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>In this way, knowledge is created as the learner moves through the\u00a0experience.<\/p>\n<p>Through your educational program, you may be able to participate in a variety of different learning\u00a0experiences in tourism and hospitality. Students who participate\u00a0in a learning experience outside of the classroom\u00a0are more likely to enter the field with both academic and practical workplace skills and knowledge, and have\u00a0more opportunities for career advancement.<\/p>\n<p>Let&#8217;s have a look at some of the common types of work learning experiences:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Co-op education<\/li>\n<li>Internship<\/li>\n<li>Practicum<\/li>\n<li>Service learning<\/li>\n<li>Volunteering<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Each of these is\u00a0defined below.<\/p>\n<h3>Co-op Education<\/h3>\n<p>Co-operative, or<strong> co-op education<\/strong> refers to &#8220;a structured program that integrates work experience in a student\u2019s field along with academic studies by alternating in-class learning with periods of actual work&#8221; (ContactPoint, 2014b, \u00b6 1). The term reflects the co-operative relationship between students, schools, and employers.<\/p>\n<h3>Internship<\/h3>\n<p>An <strong>internship<\/strong> is a temporary on-the-job experience that is &#8220;typically offered to students or inexperienced workers&#8221; (ContactPoint, 2014c, \u00b6 1). It is generally project-oriented, and supervised.<\/p>\n<p>The intern should have\u00a0specific learning goals against which he or she can apply\u00a0experience about a particular industry or field of work. The term\u00a0may be paid or unpaid, and may lead to permanent career opportunities with the organization (ContactPoint, 2014b).<\/p>\n<h3>Practicum<\/h3>\n<p class=\"ReadMailPlainText\">A <strong>practicum<\/strong>\u00a0is &#8220;applied learning that provides students with practical experience and interaction with professionals from industry and the community outside of school&#8221; (ConnectEd, 2011, p.3). The goal is to support career readiness and help enhance:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"ReadMailPlainText\">Higher-order thinking<\/li>\n<li class=\"ReadMailPlainText\">Academic skills<\/li>\n<li class=\"ReadMailPlainText\">Technical skills<\/li>\n<li class=\"ReadMailPlainText\">Applied workplace skills<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The experience may be paid or unpaid.<\/p>\n<h3>Service Learning<\/h3>\n<p><strong>Service learning<\/strong> is defined as a course-based, credit-bearing educational experience in which students:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Participate in an organized service activity that meets identified community needs<\/li>\n<li>Reflect on the service activity to gain further understanding of course content, a broader appreciation of the discipline, and an enhanced sense of civic responsibility (Bringle &amp; Hatcher, 1995)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Volunteering<\/h3>\n<p><strong>Volunteering<\/strong> involves performing a service without pay in order to obtain work experience, learn new skills, meet people, contribute to community, and contribute to a cause that\u2019s important to the volunteer (for example, helping animals, supporting elderly people, working for an\u00a0environmental cause)\u00a0(Pickerell, 2014).<\/p>\n<h3>Benefits of Work Experience Programs<\/h3>\n<p>Students who have completed a formal work experience component benefit from a\u00a0supportive partnership between\u00a0the educational institution, the employer, and themselves. This partnership encourages\u00a0community stakeholder investment, student learning opportunities, professional networks, as well as opportunities for employers to participate as co-educators.<\/p>\n<p>Some institutions may work with an experiential education coordinator to ensure a particular position meets the school&#8217;s criteria. Depending on your program, remuneration for work can\u00a0be by the hour, by salary, by a\u00a0stipend, as in-kind contributions (experiences or services from the business), or as a volunteer assignment. The educational institution may monitor your placement\u00a0and ask you to complete an assignment where you reflect on the work experience. Some programs may have an evaluation component and a supervisor who supports the student&#8217;s learning. Students are also evaluated by the employer, and they will have a supervisor whom they report to directly.<\/p>\n<p>Most often, for students to participate in a work experience program, they are\u00a0required to maintain a certain grade point average (GPA) set by the school. Often students are also asked to establish learning goals prior to starting their work experience.<\/p>\n<p>If your program doesn&#8217;t offer a formal work experience program such as a co-op, internship, or practicum, you can still gain valuable hands-on learning through part-time work and volunteer opportunities.\u00a0Because tourism is the number-one employer of youth in BC, you can find a part-time job to develop\u00a0your skills and gain an entry-level opportunity to join the industry.<\/p>\n<p>Whatever experience you engage in, be it formal, or informal, it&#8217;s important to:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Explore your employer&#8217;s organizational culture and social norms<\/li>\n<li>Do your best on the job<\/li>\n<li>Gain conflict management and resolution skills<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>These three keys come directly from BC tourism and hospitality employers (LinkBC, 2014), and are explored in the next section.<\/p>\n<h2>Integrating Planning with Education\u00a0and Experience<\/h2>\n<p>The final career planning\u00a0element we&#8217;ll explore in this chapter involves\u00a0integrating your education\u00a0and work experience. By applying\u00a0classroom learning to the field, and then bringing lessons from your workplace back to the classroom, you can\u00a0see key concepts\u00a0in action.<\/p>\n<h3>Research Organizational Culture and Social Norms<\/h3>\n<p>Each organization has its own culture and social norms. <strong>Organizational culture<\/strong>\u00a0refers to \u201cthe customs, rituals, and values shared by the members of an organization that have to be accepted by new members\u201d (Collins English Dictionary, 2012), and\u00a0\u00a0is expressed through its mission statement, vision, beliefs, language systems, and processes. Social norms refer to the way individuals in the organization interact, communicate, and generally behave with each other.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_563\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-563\" style=\"width: 500px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/introtourism\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/38\/2014\/12\/SnowbusMeet.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-563\" alt=\"&quot;&quot;\" src=\"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/introtourism\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/38\/2016\/11\/SnowbusMeet-300x200.jpg\" width=\"500\" height=\"334\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-563\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Figure 13.4 Meet with, and talk to, as many prospective employers as you can. Here, students are talking to a representative from West Coast Sightseeing.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>You will want to understand the culture of an organization before applying for a job there to ensure your values are congruent.\u00a0Find out what\u2019s important to the organization by researching the business. How does it present its public face?<\/p>\n<p>Asking questions of a potential employer about the organization&#8217;s culture will help you assess whether it is a good fit for you. You can do this by asking employees in the organization during the informational interview; or alternatively, in a formal job interview.<\/p>\n<h3>Performance on the Job<\/h3>\n<p>This is your time to shine &#8212; no matter what role you&#8217;ve been assigned. In addition to respecting and working within a company&#8217;s culture, once you start your position, it&#8217;s time for you to show initiative (Iannarino, n.d.). Demonstrate\u00a0an interest in learning and contributing to the organization&#8217;s goals and objectives and you will\u00a0stand out from other employees.<\/p>\n<p>Act without waiting to be told what to do and persistently follow through on work responsibilities, regardless of the obstacles. Think about ways to improve operations, and come up with new ideas, while presenting these in a way that shows you respect management&#8217;s expertise. It&#8217;s up to you to signal\u00a0to your employer that you&#8217;re someone who can be counted on and you have leadership potential. Some ways of showing initiative include:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Asking to observe a meeting<\/li>\n<li>Asking to shadow a manager in another department<\/li>\n<li>Reading through company policies and plans, and asking questions about them<\/li>\n<li>Offering to bring your skills to the table to make a difference,\u00a0such as setting up a social media account for the company or creating a training manual for future students in your position<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Often, you&#8217;ll be able to take advantage of project work at school to accomplish some of the above.<\/p>\n<h3>Practise Conflict Management and Resolution<\/h3>\n<p>The majority of tourism and hospitality employers stress that <strong>conflict management<\/strong> is an essential skill in this customer-service driven industry (LinkBC, 2014). It&#8217;s up to you to practise these skills at your workplace.<\/p>\n<p>In most conflicts, the ultimate goal must be to find a resolution. Avoiding\u00a0or ignoring conflict\u00a0is not an effective strategy. While resolving conflict can be uncomfortable, unresolved conflict actually makes the situation\u00a0worse. Generally, conflicts have more than one cause. How you choose to resolve conflicts will ultimately demonstrate your\u00a0ability to be professional and move upward in your career.<\/p>\n<p>Consider the following three steps to resolving conflicts both at work and in the classroom.<\/p>\n<h4>Listen<\/h4>\n<p>If at all possible, try not to take the situation or comments\u00a0personally.\u00a0Do not\u00a0make assumptions about people&#8217;s motivations. Jumping to conclusions adds to the conflict and creates more tension and issues to work though.<\/p>\n<p>Consider that if there is a conflict, you might not\u00a0have fully understood the issue\u00a0or your part in it. While you\u00a0may not like the style or approach of the person you&#8217;re interacting with, set the goal of\u00a0listening with acceptance with the intent to resolve the conflict. Convey that you are listening respectfully through your body language and tone of voice, and don\u2019t interrupt. If there are several people involved, let everyone have a chance to speak.<\/p>\n<h4>Reflect and Summarize<\/h4>\n<p>If you need to, silently count to 10 in your head to give yourself the time to respond appropriately.\u00a0Acknowledge your commitment to resolving the conflict, and clarify how the other person is feeling about it. When people feel listened to, they are often willing to take the first step toward trust, which then creates willingness to work through the issue. Summarizing what the other person has said allows you to ensure that you&#8217;ve fully captured his or her position.<\/p>\n<p>Focus on appreciating what the other person is saying and thinking to understand the source of conflict. Ask what the other person believes would resolve\u00a0the conflict. Focus the conversation on mutually resolving the issue.<\/p>\n<h4>Respond<\/h4>\n<p>Allow\u00a0each person the opportunity to explore solutions equally. Take a break from the process if you need to, and come back to the conflict when you feel refreshed. Often the solution is through compromise, because no one is all wrong or all right in any given situation. Each time you&#8217;re given the chance to respond, do your best to keep language neutral.<\/p>\n<p>By maturely moving through the process of listening, reflecting, summarizing, and responding (and sometimes going back to the start again), you&#8217;ll not only demonstrate your workplace potential, but gain valuable skills for your personal life.<\/p>\n<p>While adapting to organizational\u00a0culture, demonstrating strong on-the-job performance, and practising\u00a0conflict resolution are important, there are many skills to be learned in the workplace. Others include\u00a0the ability to apply critical thinking, acting as a global citizen, and working as part of a team. With this in mind,\u00a0let&#8217;s have a look at success stories in our industry\u00a0\u2014 graduates who possess these skills and attributes, and have used them to propel their careers forward.<\/p>\n<h2>Tourism and Hospitality Success Stories<\/h2>\n<p>Just a few years ago the professionals highlighted in this section were students in the classroom. Here, they tell us first-hand what you need to know in order to grow in BC&#8217;s tourism and hospitality industry. These success stories span the following sectors:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Accommodation (account manager, rooms division coordinator)<\/li>\n<li>Recreation and entertainment (project coordinator, conference services manager, entrepreneur and small business owner)<\/li>\n<li>Travel services (long-range planner, travel designer,\u00a0industry and communications services manager)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>As you read their stories,\u00a0you&#8217;ll see that many of the themes explored in this chapter are echoed in their advice. Please note that these profiles were current as of spring 2015 &#8211; some\u00a0of these grads may already be on to the next big thing in their careers!<\/p>\n<h3>Accommodation<\/h3>\n<h4>Brock Martin, Account Manager<\/h4>\n<figure id=\"attachment_422\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-422\" style=\"width: 200px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/introtourism\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/38\/2014\/12\/BrockMartin.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-422 size-full\" alt=\"&quot;&quot;\" src=\"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/introtourism\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/38\/2016\/11\/BrockMartin.jpg\" width=\"200\" height=\"200\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-422\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Figure 13.5 Brock Martin<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Brock manages accounts for Canada Booking.com Online Reservations Inc. He graduated with a bachelor of hospitality management at Vancouver Community College in 2010. Brock says:<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<div>\n<p>I oversee more than\u00a0300 accommodations on Vancouver Island and am their point of contact for day-to-day support and for assisting them in maximizing their listing\u2019s potential with Booking.com. When I moved to Vancouver in 2004, I started my first hotel job at the Westin Bayshore as a banquet server. I still remember my first day; we had to serve a dinner for over 1,200 people, and I remember that despite how crazy it was I knew this was the industry for me!<\/p>\n<p>From there, I moved to the Pacific Palisades Hotel in banquets, and then I was given an opportunity to move to the front desk.\u00a0I remember thinking at first that I didn&#8217;t\u00a0belong at the front desk as I had always just done food and beverage. I did not think I would fit the position. Well, I was wrong! I \u00a0immediately knew I loved the interactions with the guests.<\/p>\n<p>I progressed with my career, moving from a front desk agent to an assistant front office manager, where I stayed until the hotel unfortunately closed its doors in 2010. Following the Palisades, I held various front office management positions with Coast Hotels and Delta Hotels in Vancouver, Nanaimo, and Whistler. In 2013, I was presented with an opportunity to join Booking.com as an account manager, where I am presently working.<\/p>\n<p>Taking courses related to hospitality management and tourism will really assist in developing your career.\u00a0Once in a workplace setting, continued education is key. Look for opportunities for cross training and job shadowing, and ask Human Resources about internal training programs to further your understanding.<\/p>\n<p>Students entering this industry need to have a passion for guest services and for helping people. They need to be able to think quickly and be a good problem solver. This is a fast-paced, ever-evolving industry and doesn\u2019t fit someone who likes routine. No two days are ever the same, and that is what I love! Remain flexible and do not be afraid to try new things. Have an open mind and challenge yourself to think outside of the box.<\/p>\n<p>Specific things students can do to get ahead include networking, further training, and volunteering. Remember, the industry is very large, yet small at the same time. Take opportunities to volunteer as these are great networking opportunities as well. I couldn\u2019t picture myself in any other industry. It is challenging, yet rewarding, and best of all, it is a lot of fun!<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/blockquote>\n<h4>Katie Clarke, Marketing\u00a0Coordinator<\/h4>\n<figure id=\"attachment_426\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-426\" style=\"width: 189px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/introtourism\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/38\/2014\/12\/KatelynClarke.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-426 size-full\" alt=\"&quot;&quot;\" src=\"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/introtourism\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/38\/2016\/11\/KatelynClarke.jpg\" width=\"189\" height=\"275\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-426\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Figure 13.6 Katie Clarke<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Katie works at the Parkside Hotel &amp; Spa in Victoria, BC. She graduated with a diploma in hospitality management from Vancouver Island University in 2011. Katie says:<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<div>\n<p>My initial hotel job was with the Fairmont Empress housekeeping department during my first co-op work term,\u00a0a temporary two-month position after which I returned for my second year of schooling. After graduating from Vancouver Island University, I completed my last co-op semester by working at the Queen Victoria Hotel and Suites as a guest services agent. My employment continued there\u00a0after my co-op term was complete, and lasted until the hotel was sold in October 2012. I left with a wealth of knowledge in guest services.<\/p>\n<p>I began working at the Parkside Hotel &amp; Spa at the time it was purchased by a group of Vancouver Island local investors. I started in reservations, which was a new department in the early stages of development, and my skills and qualifications played a large role in assisting with the department&#8217;s foundations. I worked as a reservations agent for seven months before I was promoted to the position of rooms division coordinator. In this position, I assisted in supervising the department, as well as taking on some marketing responsibilities such as keeping the hotel website up-to-date, social media, print materials, and much, much more. The role became a jack-of-all-trades position and was\u00a0a great experience! In fact, I used what I learned in that role to obtain my current position of marketing coordinator.<\/p>\n<p>My advice for students is that\u00a0any related education will always help get your foot in the door of a hotel. All applicable work experience, skills, and knowledge can also be an advantage. If you are a hard worker, a team player, and willing to help out when other departments need it, you will be successful in any job you do.<\/p>\n<p>Students should understand that the hospitality field can be a career. Some people view a job in the hospitality industry as temporary or seasonal employment, but it can be a career with many exciting opportunities if you stick with it. The great thing about working in a hotel is that there are so many different departments to explore. The options are endless.<\/p>\n<p>Networking can provide an advantage in this industry. If you contact your tourism bureau, it can connect you to organizations to help you further your industry network. Creating great workplace relationships also fosters getting ahead in any industry. Be sure to keep up with new training and volunteering, as that can be a great advantage, and most workplaces encourage it!<\/p>\n<p>Though every job will come with its tough days, push past them as there are so many better days ahead! Work hard and it will pay off!<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/blockquote>\n<h3>Recreation and Entertainment<\/h3>\n<h4>Ana Rowinska, Project Coordinator<\/h4>\n<figure id=\"attachment_421\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-421\" style=\"width: 375px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/introtourism\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/38\/2014\/12\/AnaRowinski.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-421\" alt=\"&quot;&quot;\" src=\"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/introtourism\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/38\/2016\/11\/AnaRowinski-300x225.jpg\" width=\"375\" height=\"281\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-421\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Figure 13.7 Ana Rowinska<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Ana works for MCI Group Canada. She has multiple credentials including a hospitality restaurant management diploma from Douglas College (2005), an Event Marketing Association certificate from BCIT (2008), and a bachelor of tourism management from Capilano University (2013). Ana says:<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<div>\n<p>My love for travel and hospitality were key reasons I took the hospitality restaurant management diploma program at Douglas College. After receiving my diploma, I decided to focus on event marketing and enrolled at BCIT for further training.<\/p>\n<p>Students interested in getting into events and or event marketing need to be able to multi-task, be organized, and have a hard work ethic. Both education and experience are important to work as an event coordinator. You need to know the ins and outs of the industry by working in events, and you also need to understand the back-end strategies of how to implement, organize, and plan events.<\/p>\n<p>The events industry is not your typical nine-to-five\u00a0job. Long workdays are common, and you can expect to sometimes work 16 or more hours in one day to get the job done.\u00a0Events can happen any day of the week, at any time. Commitment and the ability to be flexible is key as you are always the first one on scene and the last one to leave. You need to have patience, be organized, and be able to deal with stress.<\/p>\n<p>Many students expect to be hired at at a high level right after graduation, but in truth, most will be entering the workforce in their respective fields in an entry-level position. You&#8217;ll need to be prepared to work toward gaining experience with your company before you can move into a supervisor or manager position. My advice is to work hard, learn, and ask questions, and you will succeed.<\/p>\n<p>Volunteering or working part time with events is key as you will not only gain valuable industry experience, you will also be networking with your future peers. Experience is invaluable in our sector, so the more events you work or volunteer in, the more opportunities you will have to expand your network and meet key stakeholders in the event industry.<\/p>\n<p>To be successful, you need to be organized, have excellent communication skills, and be able to handle stress and pressure. Don&#8217;t get discouraged if things don&#8217;t happen exactly like you planned; life throws you curve balls, and it&#8217;s how you deal with those curve balls that allows you to succeed in our industry.<\/p>\n<p>Throughout my career, I have needed to make decisions on what was next for me. You never know which job may lead you to where, so treat each job as a stepping stone to move ahead in your career.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/blockquote>\n<h4>Christine McCann, Senior Conference Services Manager<\/h4>\n<figure id=\"attachment_423\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-423\" style=\"width: 178px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/introtourism\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/38\/2014\/12\/ChristineMcCann.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-423 size-medium\" alt=\"&quot;&quot;\" src=\"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/introtourism\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/38\/2016\/11\/ChristineMcCann-178x300.jpg\" width=\"178\" height=\"300\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-423\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Figure 13.8 Christine McCann<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Christine is in senior management at the Fairmont Chateau Whistler. She graduated from the Douglas College program in hotel and restaurant management in 2006. Christine says:<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<div>\n<p>I started at the Fairmont Chateau Whistler as a SWEP (student work experience) student in the banquet department. From there,\u00a0I became very interested in the organization and execution of events, weddings, and\u00a0conferences. During my time as a banquet server, I was able to cross train with conference services, allowing me to gain insights into the skills and knowledge required to be a successful member of the that team. When a position opened up for a conference services coordinator, I was overjoyed to receive a role as part of this fantastic team! Seven years have passed, and I am now in the position of senior conference services manager, taking care of many large groups throughout the year.<\/p>\n<p>Event and conference planning is a very interesting blend of roles: being on the floor with clients and groups but also completing many administrative tasks and paperwork to ensure plans are effectively communicated. A positive attitude, passion for creating outstanding events, and an eye for detail are three key qualities needed. Members of my team have moved here from many other departments, including banquets, front office, sales, and\u00a0food and beverage; however, having a base of operations experience is the normal pathway to a position in conference services.<\/p>\n<p>Being successful in a conference services role takes passion and an understanding and appreciation for the guest experience. We are ambassadors for our brand to our guests &#8212; 100 to\u00a01,000 guests at a time &#8212;\u00a0and it is important that we ensure each one feels a special connection to our venue and location.<\/p>\n<p>A positive attitude, willingness to learn and passion for whatever role you choose will always help you on the road to success.<\/p>\n<p>Volunteering is a fantastic way to try out new roles and meet great contacts. Hands-on experience can be invaluable in the future. Continuing to seek knowledge, through training, education, industry events &#8212; whatever method is interesting for you &#8212; will also be beneficial.<\/p>\n<p>Love what you do, work hard, and\u00a0listen!<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/blockquote>\n<h4>David Woolridge, Entrepreneur and Small Business Owner<\/h4>\n<p>David is the owner and founder of Ridge Wilderness Adventures Ltd. He graduated from the outdoor recreation management program at Capilano University\u00a0in 2002. David says:<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<div>\n<p>I love people and I love being outside,\u00a0so I searched for positions that would fill that need. I have worked at canoe rental companies, guiding outfits, first-aid schools, retail shops, construction, and anything else that I could get my hands on.<\/p>\n<p>I recommend students get into the field by one of two means: enter a specific program like the one at Capilano University, or contact a company that does the work they would like to do and apply. If applying directly doesn&#8217;t work, ask the company what it is looking for in a person to be employable.<\/p>\n<p>This work is for those who don&#8217;t like to have a fixed routine and who thrive on problem solving and like to do different things all the time. If you prefer a set schedule and set pay, it is probably not for you.<\/p>\n<p>It\u2019s an amazing job where we get to work at what we love. To succeed in this line of work, attitude and availability trump aptitude. If you would like to have a lucrative career in the outdoors, you need to possess an outgoing, friendly, hardworking attitude. This style of work is not nine-to-five;\u00a0in fact, it\u2019s the opposite of that. Your ability to work when the work is there is key to success. Obviously, you need to have the ability to do the work, but 9 times out of 10, if that&#8217;s all you have you will not succeed.<\/p>\n<p>This industry is all about the people that you know. Go to every event and course you can to meet people and get known. Most places will give you the training; you need to do the work if your attitude is right, so sort out what you need before you start.<\/p>\n<p>If you love the outdoors, love people, and want to have fun for work, this is what you should do.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/blockquote>\n<h3>Travel Services<\/h3>\n<h4>Cleopatra Corbett, Long-Range Planner<\/h4>\n<figure id=\"attachment_424\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-424\" style=\"width: 240px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/introtourism\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/38\/2014\/12\/CleoCorbett.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-424 size-medium\" alt=\"&quot;&quot;\" src=\"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/introtourism\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/38\/2016\/11\/CleoCorbett-240x300.jpg\" width=\"240\" height=\"300\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-424\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Figure 13.9 Cleopatra Corbett<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Cleopatra works as a planner for the City of Vernon. She holds a bachelor of tourism management from Vancouver Island University (2004) and completed the urban design certificate at Simon Fraser University in 2012. Cleopatra says:<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<div>\n<p>My first experience in community planning came during my third-year co-op work term as a planning assistant with the District of Ucluelet. I instantly fell in love with the profession: working with local residents, businesses, non-profits, and elected officials to realize a desired future for the community.\u00a0Upon graduation, I continued to work in Ucluelet, followed by Tofino, Golden, and now Vernon, all in British Columbia.<\/p>\n<p>In my field the desired skill set includes\u00a0planning, communication, collaboration, facilitation, public speaking, and report writing. For knowledge, you need\u00a0planning history and theory, community development, environmental stewardship, marketing, and statistical and research methods. As for education, you want to study\u00a0planning, geography, urban design, tourism, recreation, history, and law.<\/p>\n<p>Community planning is incredibly challenging and rewarding work. Put simply, your work can have a tremendous impact on the environment and the quality of life for residents in your community. You help the community dream about a desired future and then develop policy to make it happen.<\/p>\n<p>My advice would be to have mentors you respect and admire, and to meet with them regularly to ask questions and look for advice. Always do your best, work hard with integrity, be kind, tell the truth, and do what you love.<\/p>\n<p>Get experience before graduating through volunteer work, internships, and\/or co-op work terms. Also, try to apply course projects in university to real-world projects for businesses, non-profits, or governments in order to gain meaningful applied experience. Interview people who are in positions that interest you; ask questions and don\u2019t be afraid to ask for help.<\/p>\n<p>If you are willing to move, you can get any type of job you desire. Being mobile enhances your opportunities. Practise life-long learning and strive for a healthy work-life balance. Follow your bliss and make the world a better place.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/blockquote>\n<h4>Marie-Catherine Lapointe, Travel Designer Team Lead<\/h4>\n<figure id=\"attachment_428\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-428\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/introtourism\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/38\/2014\/12\/Marie-CatherineLapointe.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-428 size-medium\" alt=\"&quot;&quot;\" src=\"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/introtourism\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/38\/2016\/11\/Marie-CatherineLapointe-300x223.jpg\" width=\"300\" height=\"223\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-428\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Figure 13.10 Marie-Catherine Lapointe<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Marie-Catherine is a travel designer with Discover Holidays Inc. She graduated from Capilano University with a diploma of tourism management in 2012. Marie-Catherine says:<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<div>\n<p>When I graduated, I knew that I wanted to work in travel services as a central part of the industry with touch points in every other sector, so when a posting to be a travel designer for a receptive tour operator came up, I jumped at the chance. I was excited to be working to bring clients from all over the world to Canada, and I took in every opportunity to learn about the many aspects of the company, including product, marketing, and sales.<\/p>\n<p>Students wanting to get into the tour operator sector need to have a tourism education to really understand the intricacies of the sectors in the industry, as well as skills in customer service, sales, cultural practices (particularly dealing with international clients), marketing, and a real passion for the products they are selling. Teamwork is crucial on our small team, as is being intrinsically motivated to provide the best experience for clients.<\/p>\n<p>First,\u00a0receptive tour operators are not travel agents, nor do they operate the tours. We work with travel agents, wholesale agents, and occasionally with clients directly. However, it is mainly a B2B model. Receptive tour operators are in a dynamic workplace, with opportunities to learn and gain experience in other sectors and fields, as well as hone customer service and sales skills.<\/p>\n<p>My advice is to really take hold of every opportunity that is presented, and to never stop learning about the industry. This is a very social industry and building a large solid network can help with future opportunities. Build up your customer service experience, whether it&#8217;s through front-line jobs or volunteering, and attend networking events. Schools often host or sponsor these, and students should be attending them all.<\/p>\n<p>This is a really fun industry, and with so many sectors and positions available, I really believe that there is something for everyone in tourism.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/blockquote>\n<h4>Jody Young, Industry and Community Services Manager<\/h4>\n<figure id=\"attachment_425\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-425\" style=\"width: 217px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/introtourism\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/38\/2014\/12\/JodyYoung.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-425 size-medium\" alt=\"&quot;&quot;\" src=\"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/introtourism\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/38\/2016\/11\/JodyYoung-217x300.jpg\" width=\"217\" height=\"300\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-425\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Figure 13.11 Jody Young<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Jody works for Tourism Vancouver Island. She\u00a0holds a bachelor of tourism management from Vancouver Island University (2008). Jody says:<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<div>\n<p>After graduation, it took a year and a half before I got my big break into the industry. I\u2019m thankful for the time it took for my career to really start as it provided me the opportunity to travel around Southeast Asia. I started at Tourism Vancouver Island in an entry-level position as the distribution coordinator. After just one year in the role I was promoted to industry services coordinator where I was coordinating the association\u2019s annual conference and AGM and conducting accommodation inspections. After another year and a half,\u00a0I was promoted again to management level within the organization to the role I am currently in. As industry and\u00a0community services manager,\u00a0I oversee many portfolios for the organization such as community tourism development, event management, research, and promotion of the value of tourism.<\/p>\n<p>The tourism management degree program at Vancouver Island University definitely set me up for success in this role. I highly recommend completing the four-year degree and getting as much hands-on, real-world experience that you can while completing your education. Employers will be looking for proven successes and workplace skills, not just completion of courses.<\/p>\n<p>Although the tourism industry is vast with many desirable, well-paying career opportunities, it is still fairly new. The industry has room to grow on communicating that it is a key economic and social contributor to our province and country.<\/p>\n<p>I would advise students to jump at an entry-level opportunity as it will be your door to advancing in your career in a particular organization. Once you\u2019ve got your foot in the door, demonstrate your ability and you will soon find bigger opportunities presented to you. If I didn\u2019t take the entry-level opportunity that was presented to me, I wouldn\u2019t be in the role I am in today.<\/p>\n<p>Students can get ahead by taking advantage of student rates at industry events. By attending these industry events you will rub shoulders with the folks who are at the top of the game in this industry and\u00a0meeting potential future employers. Look for opportunities for mentorship programs or internships to gain that workplace experience as well.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/blockquote>\n<h2>Conclusion<\/h2>\n<p>As you can see, successful tourism and hospitality careers depend on reaching out and meeting people (networking), gaining practical experience, having a great attitude and work ethic, and committing to ongoing learning about the world, the industry, and yourself.<\/p>\n<p>With diligence and a sense of exploration, you can launch your dream career in tourism and hospitality, today.\u00a0Remember that career planning is an ongoing process &#8212; the more you practise the steps in this chapter, the more likely your success.<\/p>\n<p>Now that you&#8217;ve explored the five sectors of tourism, special considerations, and your own place in the industry, it&#8217;s time to deepen your understanding. Chapter 14, on globalization\u00a0and trends, will help you appreciate\u00a0the big picture of\u00a0tourism and hospitality.<\/p>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--key-takeaways\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Key Terms<\/p>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Career planning<\/strong>: a series of deliberate steps with outcomes to help individuals achieve their short- and long-term career goals<\/li>\n<li><strong>Conflict management:<\/strong> the practice of being able to identify and handle conflicts sensibly, fairly, and efficiently<\/li>\n<li><strong>Co-op education: <\/strong>a special program offered by a college\/university in which students alternate work and study, usually spending a number of weeks in full-time study and a number in full-time employment away from the campus<\/li>\n<li><strong>Experiential learning: <\/strong>learning that takes place when a student directly participates in experiences designed for a learning purpose; takes place both inside and outside of the classroom, and involves reflection as well as action<\/li>\n<li><strong>Hidden job market:<\/strong> employment opportunities that aren&#8217;t posted through traditional channels, but rather arise because of a person&#8217;s connections and relationships<\/li>\n<li><strong>Informational interview:<\/strong> a short appointment where you learn about an employer, or a specific role, from someone already established in the field<\/li>\n<li><strong>Internship:<\/strong> short-term, supervised work experience in a student\u2019s field of interest for which the student may earn academic credit<\/li>\n<li><strong>Networking:<\/strong> creating relationships within a sector for the purpose of enhancing and developing one\u2019s professional identity<\/li>\n<li><strong>Organizational culture:<\/strong> ways of acting, values, and beliefs shared within an organization<\/li>\n<li><strong>Personal attributes:\u00a0<\/strong>describe what you are like as a person\/employee, such as\u00a0your attitude,\u00a0personality type, and so on<\/li>\n<li><strong>Practicum:\u00a0<\/strong>practical experiences outside the classroom supported by professionals in a workplace environment<\/li>\n<li><strong>Self-assessment<\/strong>: informal and formal methods of gathering information about yourself to make career decisions<\/li>\n<li><strong><strong>Service learning:<\/strong><\/strong> course-based, credit-bearing educational experience in which students participate in organized service that meets community needs and reflect on the service<\/li>\n<li><strong>Technical skills:\u00a0<\/strong>skills and knowledge required to perform specific work<\/li>\n<li><strong>Transferable skills:<\/strong> skills required to perform a variety of tasks\u00a0that can be transferred from one type of job\u00a0to another<\/li>\n<li><strong>Values:<\/strong> an individual\u2019s ways of living and making decisions that are congruent with his or her beliefs and principles<\/li>\n<li><strong>Volunteering:\u00a0<\/strong>performing a service without pay in order to obtain work experience, learn new skills, meet people, contribute to community, and contribute to a cause<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--exercises\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Exercises<\/p>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<ol>\n<li>Describe the steps of career planning.<\/li>\n<li>Identify your\u00a0technical and transferable skills, and personal attributes.<\/li>\n<li>Share your draft resume and cover letter with a trusted classmate, friend, or family member. What feedback do they have for you? What did you do well, and what needs improving?<\/li>\n<li>The act of creating professional relationships is referred to as_________________.<\/li>\n<li>List the ways job seekers connect to potential employment opportunities.<\/li>\n<li>Based on your career plan, identify additional training, development, and continued learning you will need for professional success.<\/li>\n<li>Define experiential learning. What are the common types of experiential learning options?<\/li>\n<li>Why is it important to understand an organization&#8217;s culture and social norms?<\/li>\n<li>What are the steps in conflict management resolution? Think back to a recent dispute you have had. How might these steps have changed the outcome?<\/li>\n<li>Pick one success story that resonates with you. What are three key things you learned from the experience you have read about?<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2>References<\/h2>\n<p>Bringle, R.G., &amp; Hatcher, J.A. (1995). A service-learning curriculum for faculty. <em>Michigan Journal of Community Service Learning, 2<\/em>, 112-122.<\/p>\n<p><em>Collins English Dictionary &#8211; Complete &amp; Unabridged 10th Edition<\/em>. (2012). <a href=\"http:\/\/dictionary.reference.com\/browse\/organizational%20culture\">Organizational culture.<\/a> Retrieved from\u00a0http:\/\/dictionary.reference.com\/browse\/organizational culture<\/p>\n<p>ConnectEd. (2011). <a href=\"http:\/\/www.connectedcalifornia.org\/direct\/files\/LLAWBLCareerPracticum_FINAL_10-5-11_noLLA%20logo.pdf\" target=\"_self\"><em>Career practicum: A work-based learning strategy.<\/em> [PDF]<\/a> The California Center for College and Career. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.connectedcalifornia.org\/direct\/files\/LLAWBLCareerPracticum_FINAL_10-5-11_noLLA%20logo.pdf<\/p>\n<p>ContactPoint. (2014a). <a href=\"http:\/\/contactpoint.ca\/wikis\/experiential-learning\"><em>Experiential learning<\/em>.<\/a> Retrieved from http:\/\/contactpoint.ca\/wikis\/experiential-learning\/<\/p>\n<p>ContactPoint. (2014b). <a href=\"http:\/\/contactpoint.ca\/wikis\/co-op-education\/\"><em>Co-operative education<\/em>.<\/a> Retrieved from http:\/\/contactpoint.ca\/wikis\/co-op-education\/<\/p>\n<p>ContactPoint. (2014c). <a href=\"http:\/\/contactpoint.ca\/wikis\/internship\/\"><em>Internship.<\/em><\/a> Retrieved from http:\/\/contactpoint.ca\/wikis\/internship\/<\/p>\n<p>Iannarino, Anthony S. (n.d.).<a href=\"http:\/\/thesalesblog.com\/blog\/2010\/01\/30\/initiative-the-ability-to-take-action-proactively\/\"><em> Initiative: The ability to take action proactively<\/em><\/a>. Retrieved from<br \/>\nhttp:\/\/thesalesblog.com\/blog\/2010\/01\/30\/initiative-the-ability-to-take-action-proactively\/<\/p>\n<p>LinkBC. (2014). <a href=\"http:\/\/linkbc.ca\/siteFiles\/85\/files\/2014RoundtableDialogueCafeReport.pdf\" target=\"_self\"><em>LinkBC roundtable 2014: Dialogue cafe.<\/em> [PDF]<\/a> Retrieved from\u00a0http:\/\/linkbc.ca\/siteFiles\/85\/files\/2014RoundtableDialogueCafeReport.pdf<\/p>\n<p>Lorenzo, G., &amp; Ittelson, J. (2005). <a href=\"http:\/\/www.case.edu\/artsci\/cosi\/cspl\/documents\/eportfolio-Educausedocument.pdf\">An overview of e-portfolios. [PDF]<\/a> <em>Educause learning initiative<\/em>, <em>1<\/em>, 1-27. Retrieved from\u00a0www.case.edu\/artsci\/cosi\/cspl\/documents\/eportfolio-Educausedocument.pdf<\/p>\n<p>Pickerell, D.A. (2014). Work search strategies. In Blythe C. Shepard and Priya S. Mani (Eds.). <a href=\"http:\/\/contactpoint.ca\/wikis\/volunteering\/\"><em>Career development practice in Canada: Perspectives, principles and professionalism.<\/em><\/a> Toronto, ON: Canadian Education and Research Institute for Counselling (CERIC), p. 215. Retrieved from\u00a0http:\/\/contactpoint.ca\/wikis\/volunteering\/<\/p>\n<p>Rosenberg McKay, D. (2014). <a href=\"http:\/\/careerplanning.about.com\/od\/selfassessment\/g\/def_selfassess.htm\" target=\"_self\"><em>About careers: Self assessment.<\/em><\/a> Retrieved from http:\/\/careerplanning.about.com\/od\/selfassessment\/g\/def_selfassess.htm<\/p>\n<p>Shepard, B. &amp; Mani, P. (2013).<em>Career development practice in Canada: Perspectives, principles and professionalism.<\/em><span> Toronto, ON: Canadian Education and Research Institute for Counselling (CERIC).\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h2>Attributions<\/h2>\n<p><strong>\u00a0Figure 13.1<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/83374808@N05\/15102927293\/\">VIU\u00a0diploma winners<\/a>\u00a0by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/83374808@N05\/\">LinkBC<\/a> is\u00a0used under a\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/\">CC-BY 2.0<\/a>\u00a0license.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Figure 13.2\u00a0<\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/buyalex\/3420741751\/in\/photolist-7DBzVk-78W2Go-9y6J4c-k8FtG-nbAtrh-7vHmpF-5y1i36-6dhcm4-5t2W32-6YwN6P-9KBih3-nbAjUM-moo8M-kDULWi-k8Ftc-7PziDt-k8FsN-5WxC5T-9MEDRz-9w2Wsw-7VNKEc-9rEGn9-xCc8b-8X1U2q-5VqP3Y-7A3LfC-8XgGw7-5bB88B-4ZjbeX-nt5Noi-jZgoHy-2ZvhMZ-4ZzAKX-oj9v6a-h5H4KB-dUs4RP-Bt8nA-eLeaTP-6TGyGN-bt2WJr-5pCkeu-5ZhHd-9vYVjP-61CgHh-6U2HY8-5VqP3S-b7r6g-5VqP47-aUNYCM-7VckqC\">Green Resume CV &amp; Business Card<\/a>\u00a0by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/buyalex\/\">buyalex<\/a>\u00a0is\u00a0used under a\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/\">CC-BY 2.0<\/a>\u00a0license.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Figure 13.3<\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/83374808@N05\/8389060230\/in\/set-72157632539319305\">006 LinkBC Student-Industry Rendezvous 2013<\/a>\u00a0by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/83374808@N05\/\">LinkBC<\/a> is\u00a0used under a <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/\">CC BY 2.0<\/a> license.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Figure 13.4<\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/83374808@N05\/12072578584\/in\/set-72157639739931796\">West Coast Sightseeing&#8217;s booth<\/a>\u00a0by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/83374808@N05\/\">LinkBC<\/a> is\u00a0used under a\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/2.0\/\">CC-BY-NC-SA 2.0<\/a>\u00a0license.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Figure 13.5<\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/83374808@N05\/15714643363\/in\/photostream\/\">Brock Martin<\/a>\u00a0by <span>Melissa Phung for\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/83374808@N05\/\">LinkBC<\/a> is used under a\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/2.0\/\">CC-BY-NC-ND 2.0<\/a>\u00a0license.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Figure 13.6<\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/83374808@N05\/16146969948\/in\/photostream\/\">Katelyn Clarke<\/a>\u00a0by <span>Vivian Kereki for<\/span>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/83374808@N05\/\">LinkBC<\/a> is used under a\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/2.0\/\">CC-BY-NC-ND 2.0<\/a>\u00a0license.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Figure 13.7\u00a0<\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/83374808@N05\/15714644353\/\">Anna Rowinska<\/a> by <span> Karl Rowinski for<\/span>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/83374808@N05\/\">LinkBC<\/a>\u00a0<span>is\u00a0used\u00a0under a\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/2.0\/\">CC-BY-NC-ND 2.0<\/a><span>\u00a0license.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>Figure 13.8<\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/83374808@N05\/16332789191\/in\/photostream\/\">Christine McCann<\/a>\u00a0by Beth Pink for <a href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/83374808@N05\/\">LinkBC<\/a>\u00a0is\u00a0used under a\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/2.0\/\">CC-BY-NC-ND 2.0<\/a>\u00a0license.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Figure 13.9<\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/83374808@N05\/16148369169\/in\/photostream\/\">Cleo Corbett<\/a>\u00a0by Digital Dean Photography\u00a0<span>for <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/83374808@N05\/\">LinkBC<\/a>\u00a0is\u00a0used\u00a0under a\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/2.0\/\">CC-BY-NC-ND 2.0<\/a>\u00a0license.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Figure 13.10\u00a0<\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/83374808@N05\/16332769721\/\">Marie-Catherine Lapointe<\/a>\u00a0<span>by Marie-Catherine Lapointe for\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/83374808@N05\/\">LinkBC<\/a> is\u00a0used\u00a0under a\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/2.0\/\">CC-BY-NC-ND 2.0<\/a>\u00a0license.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Figure 13.11<\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/83374808@N05\/16146959818\/in\/photostream\/\">Jody Young<\/a>\u00a0by Landon Sveinson Photography <span>for\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/83374808@N05\/\">LinkBC<\/a>\u00a0is\u00a0used\u00a0under a\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/2.0\/\">CC-BY-NC-ND 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