{"id":1544,"date":"2020-09-18T16:38:10","date_gmt":"2020-09-18T16:38:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/introtourism2e\/chapter\/3-conclusion\/"},"modified":"2023-11-20T16:30:00","modified_gmt":"2023-11-20T16:30:00","slug":"3-conclusion","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/introtourism2e\/chapter\/3-conclusion\/","title":{"raw":"3.5 Conclusion","rendered":"3.5 Conclusion"},"content":{"raw":"The accommodation sector, and the hotel sector in particular, encompasses multiple business models and employs hundreds of thousands of Canadians. A smaller, but important growing segment in BC is that of camping and RV accommodators.\r\n\r\nAs broader societal trends continue and morph, they will continue to impact the accommodations marketplace and consumer. Owners and operators must stay abreast of these trends, continually altering their business models and services to remain relevant and competitive.\r\n\r\nNow that we have a better sense of the accommodation sector, let's visit the other half of the hospitality industry: food and beverage services. Chapter 4 explores this in more detail.\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--key-takeaways\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Key Terms<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li><strong>Average daily rate (ADR): <\/strong>average guest room income per occupied room in a given time period<\/li>\r\n \t<li><strong>BC Hospitality Foundation (BCHF): <\/strong>created to help support hospitality professionals in their time of need; now also a provider of scholarships for students in hospitality management and culinary programs<\/li>\r\n \t<li><strong>BC Hotel Association (BCHA): <\/strong>the trade association for BC's hotel industry, which hosts an annual industry trade show and seminar series, and publishes <em>InnFocus<\/em> magazine for professionals<\/li>\r\n \t<li><strong>BC Lodging and Campgrounds Association (BCLCA): <\/strong>represents the interests of independently owned campgrounds and lodges in BC<\/li>\r\n \t<li><strong>Camping and RVing British Columbia Coalition (CRVBCC): <\/strong>represents campground managers and brings together additional stakeholders including the Recreation Vehicle Dealers Association of BC and the Freshwater Fisheries Society<\/li>\r\n \t<li><strong>Competitive set:<\/strong> a marketing term used to identify a group of hotels that include all competitors that a hotel\u2019s guests are likely to consider as an alternative (minimum of three)<\/li>\r\n \t<li><strong>Costs per occupied room (CPOR):<\/strong> all the costs associated with making a room ready for a guest (linens, cleaning costs, guest amenities)<\/li>\r\n \t<li><strong>Fractional ownership:<\/strong> a financing model that developers use to finance hotel builds by selling units in one-eighth to one-quarter shares<\/li>\r\n \t<li><strong>Franchise:<\/strong>\u00a0enables individuals or investment companies to build or purchase a hotel and then buy or lease a brand name under which to operate; also can include reservation systems and marketing tools<\/li>\r\n \t<li><strong>Franchisee:<\/strong> an individual or company buying or leasing a franchise<\/li>\r\n \t<li><strong>Franchisor:<\/strong> a company that sells franchises<\/li>\r\n \t<li><strong>Hotel Association of Canada (HAC):<\/strong> the national trade organization advocating on behalf of over 8,500 hotels<\/li>\r\n \t<li><strong>Hotel type:<\/strong> a classification determined primarily by the size and location of the building structure, and then by the function, target markets, service level, other amenities, and industry standards<\/li>\r\n \t<li><strong>Motel:<\/strong> a term popular in the last century, combining the words \"motor hotel\"; typically designed to provide ample parking and easy access to rooms from the parking lot<\/li>\r\n \t<li><strong>Occupancy: <\/strong>the percentage of all guest rooms in the hotel that are occupied at a given time<\/li>\r\n \t<li><strong>Revenue per available room (RevPAR): <\/strong>a calculation that combines both occupancy and ADR in one metric<\/li>\r\n \t<li><strong>Sharing economy:<\/strong> an internet-based economic system in which consumers share their resources, typically with people they don\u2019t know, and typically in exchange for money<\/li>\r\n \t<li><strong>SMERF:<\/strong> an acronym for the social, military, educational, religious, and fraternal segment of the group travel market<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--exercises\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Exercises<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n<ol>\r\n \t<li>On a piece of paper, list as many types of accommodation classifications (e.g., by size)\u00a0as you can think of. Name at least five. Provide examples of each.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>When researching a franchisor, the cost of the franchise must be carefully considered. What other factors would you consider to determine the value of a franchise fee?<\/li>\r\n \t<li>How should lower-end hotels and hotels that do not cater to business travellers respond to increased competition from rentals enabled by firms like Airbnb?<\/li>\r\n \t<li>A hotel earns $3,000 on 112 rooms. What is its ADR?<\/li>\r\n \t<li>That same hotel has an occupancy of 75%. What is its RevPAR?<\/li>\r\n \t<li>How many independent campgrounds are there across Canada?<\/li>\r\n \t<li>How many vehicle-accessible campsites are there in BC?<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Airbnb enables hosts to rate their guests after a stay. Consider some other types of accommodation and list the pros and cons of rating guests.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Draw an organizational chart for a 60-room boutique hotel, listing all the staff required to run the operation. Put the most influential people (e.g., the general manager) at the top and work your way down. How would you structure this differently from a\u00a0larger full-service hotel? What would you keep the same?<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Read <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cntraveler.com\/gallery\/best-hotels-united-states-canada-gold-list\">Cond\u00e9 Nast Best Hotels and Resorts in the US and Canada for 2020<\/a>. Now find two other \"best of\" lists for BC, Canada, or global accommodations. What do the winners have in common? List at least three things. Now try to find at least two differences.<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--exercises\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Case Study: Hotel for Dogs - Philanthropy and Media Coverage<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n\r\nIn 2014, the media was taken by storm with a story about a hotel in North Carolina that combined philanthropy with their business model. The property expanded on the trend of allowing dogs in hotels by fostering rescues\u00a0from a nearby shelter and allowing guests to adopt them. Guests appreciated the warm interactions with the animals and several dogs were adopted as a result (Manning, 2014).Not only did the property provide a valuable service and enhance the guest experience, but the story was repeated across multiple media outlets, creating publicity for the hotel.\r\n\r\nThis is an example of a current trend:\u00a0allowing pets in hotels. Now choose from one of the following trends, and research it to answer the questions that follow:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Carbon offset programs<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Personalization<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Reputation management<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Digital concierge<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Smart hotels<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Healthy and organic foods<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Online experiences<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Frictionless touch points<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Sharing economy<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Green certified<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Augmented reality<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<ol>\r\n \t<li>Why do you think this trend has emerged? What market is it helping to serve?<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Find an example of a hotel that has responded to your chosen trend and explain how the trend has informed or changed the hotel\u2019s business strategy or practice.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Are there any trends that are not listed above\u00a0that you think should be added? Try to name at least two. Why are these important accommodation trends today?<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<h1>References<\/h1>\r\n<p class=\"hanging-indent\">Accor. (2020). <a class=\"internal\" href=\"https:\/\/group.accor.com\/en\/brands\/economy\/ibis-budget\"><em>Brand portfolio, economy brands<\/em><\/a>. Retrieved from www.accor.com\/en\/brands\/brand-portfolio.html<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"hanging-indent\">Airbnb. (2020). <a class=\"internal\" href=\"https:\/\/www.airbnb.ca\/host\/homes\"><i>Hosting in 3 steps.\u00a0<\/i><\/a> Retrieved from www.airbnb.ca\/host\/homes<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"hanging-indent\">Berelowitz, S. (2018, February 6).\u00a0 <a class=\"internal\" href=\"https:\/\/www.pegs.com\/blog\/important-mobile-booking-stats-for-hotels-in-2018\/\"><em>Important mobile booking stats for hotels in 2018.<\/em><\/a>\u00a0 Pegasus.\u00a0 Retrieved from www.pegs.com\/blog\/important-mobile-booking-stats-for-hotels-in-2018\/<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"hanging-indent\">Boutique Hotel Association. (n.d.) <a class=\"internal\" href=\"http:\/\/www.blla.org\/lifestyle-hotels.htm\" target=\"_self\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><em>Terminology and definitions for boutique and lifestyle hotels and properties.<\/em><\/a> Retrieved from www.blla.org\/lifestyle-hotels.htm<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"hanging-indent\">Brey, E. (2009). <a class=\"internal\" href=\"http:\/\/caribbeanhotelassociation.com\/source\/Members\/DataCenter\/Research-UofMemphis.pdf\" target=\"_self\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><em>Resort definitions and classifications: A summary report to research participants.<\/em> [PDF]<\/a>\u00a0University of Memphis: Center for Resort and Hospitality Business. Retrieved from http:\/\/caribbeanhotelassociation.com\/source\/Members\/DataCenter\/Research-UofMemphis.pdf<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"hanging-indent\">Camping and RV in BC. (2020). <a class=\"internal\" href=\"https:\/\/www.campingrvbc.com\/\"><em>Camping and RVing in BC go where your spirit takes you!\u00a0<\/em><\/a> Retrieved from https:\/\/www.campingrvbc.com\/<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"hanging-indent\">Canada History. (2013). <a class=\"internal\" href=\"http:\/\/www.canadahistory.com\/sections\/eras\/nation%20building\/Railroad.html\" target=\"_self\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><em>The railroad.<\/em><\/a> Retrieved from www.canadahistory.com\/sections\/eras\/nation%20building\/Railroad.html<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"hanging-indent\">CBC. (2018, February 7).\u00a0 <em><a class=\"internal\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cbc.ca\/news\/canada\/british-columbia\/airbnb-vancouver-bc-1.4524284\">Airbnb to collect provincial, municipal taxes on short-term rentals in B.C.\u00a0<\/a><\/em> Retrieved from www.cbc.ca\/news\/canada\/british-columbia\/airbnb-vancouver-bc-1.4524284<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"hanging-indent\">Coast Hotels and Resorts. (2020) <a class=\"internal\" href=\"https:\/\/www.coasthotels.com\/management-franchise\/\"><em>Management and franchises<\/em>.<\/a> Retrieved from https:\/\/www.coasthotels.com\/management-franchise\/<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"hanging-indent\">Crandell, C.<strong>,<\/strong> Dickinson, K., &amp; Kanter, G. I. (2004). Negotiating the hotel management contract. In <em>Hotel Asset Management: Principles &amp; Practices.<\/em> East Lansing, MI: University of Denver and American Hotel &amp; Lodging Educational Institute.<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"hanging-indent\">CRVBCC. (2014). <a class=\"internal\" href=\"http:\/\/www.campingrvbc.com\/about\/\" target=\"_self\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><em>About us: The Camping and RVing British Columbia Coalition<\/em><\/a>. Retrieved from www.campingrvbc.com\/about\/<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"hanging-indent\">Devehish, S. (2018). <a class=\"internal\" href=\"https:\/\/crva.ca\/economic-impact-canadian-rv-camping-industry\/\">\"Economic Impact of Canadian RV and Camping Industry\".<\/a> <em>crva.ca.\u00a0\u00a0<\/em>Retrieved from www.crva.ca\/economic-impact-canadian-rv-camping-industry\/<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"hanging-indent\">Diffen. (2015). <a class=\"internal\" href=\"http:\/\/www.diffen.com\/difference\/Hotel_vs_Motel\" target=\"_self\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><em>Hotel vs motel.<\/em><\/a> Retrieved from www.diffen.com\/difference\/Hotel_vs_Motel<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"hanging-indent\"><em>The Economist, <\/em>(2013). Silverstein, B. <a class=\"internal\" href=\"http:\/\/www.economist.com\/news\/leaders\/21573104-internet-everything-hire-rise-sharing-economy\" target=\"_self\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The rise of the sharing economy.<\/a> Retrieved from www.economist.com\/news\/leaders\/21573104-internet-everything-hire-rise-sharing-economy<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"hanging-indent\">Fairmont Hotels and Resorts. (2020). <a class=\"internal\" href=\"http:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/fairmont-hotels-and-resorts?trk=job_view_topcard_company_name\" target=\"_self\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><em>Chief engineer job description<\/em><\/a>. Retrieved from www.linkedin.com\/company\/fairmont-hotels-and-resorts?trk=job_view_topcard_company_name<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"hanging-indent\">Fast Company. (2012). <a class=\"internal\" href=\"http:\/\/www.fastcompany.com\/3017358\/most-innovative-companies-2012\/19airbnb\" target=\"_self\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><em>Airbnb \u2013 Most innovative companies 2012<\/em><\/a>. Retrieved from www.fastcompany.com\/3017358\/most-innovative-companies-2012\/19airbnb<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"hanging-indent\">go2HR. (2020a). <a class=\"internal\" href=\"https:\/\/www.go2hr.ca\/career-summary\/executive-housekeeper\"><em>Executive housekeeper profile<\/em><\/a>. Retrieved from\u00a0www.go2hr.ca\/career-profiles\/executive-housekeeper<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"hanging-indent\">go2HR. (2020b). <a class=\"internal\" href=\"https:\/\/www.go2hr.ca\/career-summary\/director-of-sales-and-marketing\"><em>Director of sales and marketing in hotel profile<\/em><\/a>. Retrieved from wwwgo2hr.ca\/career-profiles\/director-sales-and-marketing-hotel<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"hanging-indent\">Hotel Association of Canada. (2019). <em>Membership &amp; Advocacy.<\/em> Retrieved from www.hotelassociation.ca<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"hanging-indent\">Attala, J. (2019, March 25).\u00a0 <a class=\"internal\" href=\"https:\/\/www.hotelmanagement.net\/tech\/10-ways-smart-technology-reshaping-hotel-industry\"><em>10 ways smart technology is reshaping the hotel industry.\u00a0<\/em><\/a> Hotel Management.\u00a0 Retrieved from www.hotelmanagement.net\/tech\/10-ways-smart-technology-reshaping-hotel-industry<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"hanging-indent\"><em>Hotelier.<\/em> (2018, December 17). Trends for 2019.\u00a0 Retrieved from www.hoteliermagazine.com\/trends-for-2019\/<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"hanging-indent\">Kostuch Media. (2018, July 9). <em>The Top 50 Report: The Canadian Hotel Industry Continues to Thrive.<\/em> Retrieved from Hotelier Magazine: https:\/\/www.hoteliermagazine.com\/the-top-50-report-the-canadian-hotel-industry-continues-to-thrive\/<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"hanging-indent\">Inversini, A., Masiero, L. (2014). Selling rooms online: the use of social media and online travel agents.\u00a0<em>International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management,<\/em> <em>26<\/em> (2), 272-292<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"hanging-indent\">Meiszner, P. (2014, June 27.) <a class=\"internal\" href=\"http:\/\/globalnews.ca\/news\/1421407\/fairmont-empress-hotel-in-victoria-purchased-by-vancouver-developer\/\" target=\"_self\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Fairmont Empress hotel in Victoria purchased by Vancouver developer.<\/a> <em>Global News.<\/em> Retrieved from\u00a0http:\/\/globalnews.ca\/news\/1421407\/fairmont-empress-hotel-in-victoria-purchased-by-vancouver-developer\/<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"hanging-indent\">Melloy, J. (2015, February 2). <a class=\"internal\" href=\"http:\/\/www.cnbc.com\/id\/102389442\" target=\"_self\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Airbnb guests triple hurting Priceline, HomeAway.<\/a> <em>CNBC.<\/em> Retrieved from www.cnbc.com\/id\/102389442<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"hanging-indent\">Migdal, N. (n.d.) <a class=\"internal\" href=\"http:\/\/hotelexecutive.com\/business_review\/2101\/test-franchise-agreements-vs-management-agreements-which-one-do-i-choose\" target=\"_self\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Franchise agreements vs. management agreements: Which one do I choose?<\/a> <em>Hotel Business Review<\/em>. Retrieved from hotelexecutive.com\/business_review\/2101\/test-franchise-agreements-vs-management-agreements-which-one-do-i-choose<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"hanging-indent\">Rushmore, S. (2005).\u00a0<a class=\"internal\" href=\"http:\/\/www.hotel-online.com\/News\/PR2005_4th\/Oct05_FranchiseCost.html\" target=\"_self\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">What does a hotel franchise cost?<\/a><em> Canadian Lodging Outlook<\/em>. Retrieved from www.hotel-online.com\/News\/PR2005_4th\/Oct05_FranchiseCost.html<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"hanging-indent\">SilverBirch Hotels. (2020). <a class=\"internal\" href=\"https:\/\/www.silverbirchhotels.com\/about\/\"><em>About us<\/em><\/a>. Retrieved from www.silverbirchhotels.com\/about\/<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"hanging-indent\">Tourism HR Canada. (2018). <em>Tourism Shortages: Jobs to Fill.<\/em> Retrieved from http:\/\/tourismhr.ca\/labour-market-information\/tourism-shortages-jobs-to-fill\/<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"hanging-indent\">Travel Click. (n.d.). <a class=\"internal\" href=\"https:\/\/www.travelclick.com\/insight\/balance-the-booking-equation-ota-vs-direct\/\"><em>Find your market mix - OTAs vs. direct<\/em><\/a>.\u00a0 Retrieved from https:\/\/www.travelclick.com\/insight\/balance-the-booking-equation-ota-vs-direct\/<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"hanging-indent\">Wedgewood Hotel &amp; Spa. (2020). <a class=\"internal\" href=\"https:\/\/www.wedgewoodhotel.com\/about-the-hotel\/meet-the-team\/\"><em>Wedgewood Hotel &amp; Spa, Meet the <\/em><em>Team<\/em>.<\/a> Retrieved from\u00a0www.wedgewoodhotel.com<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"hanging-indent\">Western Investor. (2012). <a class=\"internal\" href=\"http:\/\/westerninvestor.com\/index.php\/news\/ab\/692-investors-burnt-in-hotel-condos-fractionals\" target=\"_self\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><em>Investors burnt in hotel condos, fractionals<\/em><\/a>. Retrieved from\r\nwesterninvestor.com\/index.php\/news\/ab\/692-investors-burnt-in-hotel-condos-fractionals<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"hanging-indent\">Zervas, G., Preserpio, D., &amp; Byers, J.W., (2015). <a class=\"internal\" href=\"http:\/\/ssrn.com\/abstract=2366898\" target=\"_self\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><em>The rise of the sharing economy: Estimating the impact of Airbnb on the hotel industry<\/em>.<\/a> Boston U. School of Management Research Paper No. 2013-16. Available at SSRN: ssrn.com\/abstract=2366898 or <a class=\"internal\" href=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.2139\/ssrn.2366898\" target=\"_self\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">dx.doi.org\/10.2139\/ssrn.2366898<\/a><\/p>","rendered":"<p>The accommodation sector, and the hotel sector in particular, encompasses multiple business models and employs hundreds of thousands of Canadians. A smaller, but important growing segment in BC is that of camping and RV accommodators.<\/p>\n<p>As broader societal trends continue and morph, they will continue to impact the accommodations marketplace and consumer. Owners and operators must stay abreast of these trends, continually altering their business models and services to remain relevant and competitive.<\/p>\n<p>Now that we have a better sense of the accommodation sector, let&#8217;s visit the other half of the hospitality industry: food and beverage services. Chapter 4 explores this in more detail.<\/p>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--key-takeaways\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Key Terms<\/p>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Average daily rate (ADR): <\/strong>average guest room income per occupied room in a given time period<\/li>\n<li><strong>BC Hospitality Foundation (BCHF): <\/strong>created to help support hospitality professionals in their time of need; now also a provider of scholarships for students in hospitality management and culinary programs<\/li>\n<li><strong>BC Hotel Association (BCHA): <\/strong>the trade association for BC&#8217;s hotel industry, which hosts an annual industry trade show and seminar series, and publishes <em>InnFocus<\/em> magazine for professionals<\/li>\n<li><strong>BC Lodging and Campgrounds Association (BCLCA): <\/strong>represents the interests of independently owned campgrounds and lodges in BC<\/li>\n<li><strong>Camping and RVing British Columbia Coalition (CRVBCC): <\/strong>represents campground managers and brings together additional stakeholders including the Recreation Vehicle Dealers Association of BC and the Freshwater Fisheries Society<\/li>\n<li><strong>Competitive set:<\/strong> a marketing term used to identify a group of hotels that include all competitors that a hotel\u2019s guests are likely to consider as an alternative (minimum of three)<\/li>\n<li><strong>Costs per occupied room (CPOR):<\/strong> all the costs associated with making a room ready for a guest (linens, cleaning costs, guest amenities)<\/li>\n<li><strong>Fractional ownership:<\/strong> a financing model that developers use to finance hotel builds by selling units in one-eighth to one-quarter shares<\/li>\n<li><strong>Franchise:<\/strong>\u00a0enables individuals or investment companies to build or purchase a hotel and then buy or lease a brand name under which to operate; also can include reservation systems and marketing tools<\/li>\n<li><strong>Franchisee:<\/strong> an individual or company buying or leasing a franchise<\/li>\n<li><strong>Franchisor:<\/strong> a company that sells franchises<\/li>\n<li><strong>Hotel Association of Canada (HAC):<\/strong> the national trade organization advocating on behalf of over 8,500 hotels<\/li>\n<li><strong>Hotel type:<\/strong> a classification determined primarily by the size and location of the building structure, and then by the function, target markets, service level, other amenities, and industry standards<\/li>\n<li><strong>Motel:<\/strong> a term popular in the last century, combining the words &#8220;motor hotel&#8221;; typically designed to provide ample parking and easy access to rooms from the parking lot<\/li>\n<li><strong>Occupancy: <\/strong>the percentage of all guest rooms in the hotel that are occupied at a given time<\/li>\n<li><strong>Revenue per available room (RevPAR): <\/strong>a calculation that combines both occupancy and ADR in one metric<\/li>\n<li><strong>Sharing economy:<\/strong> an internet-based economic system in which consumers share their resources, typically with people they don\u2019t know, and typically in exchange for money<\/li>\n<li><strong>SMERF:<\/strong> an acronym for the social, military, educational, religious, and fraternal segment of the group travel market<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--exercises\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Exercises<\/p>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<ol>\n<li>On a piece of paper, list as many types of accommodation classifications (e.g., by size)\u00a0as you can think of. Name at least five. Provide examples of each.<\/li>\n<li>When researching a franchisor, the cost of the franchise must be carefully considered. What other factors would you consider to determine the value of a franchise fee?<\/li>\n<li>How should lower-end hotels and hotels that do not cater to business travellers respond to increased competition from rentals enabled by firms like Airbnb?<\/li>\n<li>A hotel earns $3,000 on 112 rooms. What is its ADR?<\/li>\n<li>That same hotel has an occupancy of 75%. What is its RevPAR?<\/li>\n<li>How many independent campgrounds are there across Canada?<\/li>\n<li>How many vehicle-accessible campsites are there in BC?<\/li>\n<li>Airbnb enables hosts to rate their guests after a stay. Consider some other types of accommodation and list the pros and cons of rating guests.<\/li>\n<li>Draw an organizational chart for a 60-room boutique hotel, listing all the staff required to run the operation. Put the most influential people (e.g., the general manager) at the top and work your way down. How would you structure this differently from a\u00a0larger full-service hotel? What would you keep the same?<\/li>\n<li>Read <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cntraveler.com\/gallery\/best-hotels-united-states-canada-gold-list\">Cond\u00e9 Nast Best Hotels and Resorts in the US and Canada for 2020<\/a>. Now find two other &#8220;best of&#8221; lists for BC, Canada, or global accommodations. What do the winners have in common? List at least three things. Now try to find at least two differences.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--exercises\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Case Study: Hotel for Dogs &#8211; Philanthropy and Media Coverage<\/p>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<p>In 2014, the media was taken by storm with a story about a hotel in North Carolina that combined philanthropy with their business model. The property expanded on the trend of allowing dogs in hotels by fostering rescues\u00a0from a nearby shelter and allowing guests to adopt them. Guests appreciated the warm interactions with the animals and several dogs were adopted as a result (Manning, 2014).Not only did the property provide a valuable service and enhance the guest experience, but the story was repeated across multiple media outlets, creating publicity for the hotel.<\/p>\n<p>This is an example of a current trend:\u00a0allowing pets in hotels. Now choose from one of the following trends, and research it to answer the questions that follow:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Carbon offset programs<\/li>\n<li>Personalization<\/li>\n<li>Reputation management<\/li>\n<li>Digital concierge<\/li>\n<li>Smart hotels<\/li>\n<li>Healthy and organic foods<\/li>\n<li>Online experiences<\/li>\n<li>Frictionless touch points<\/li>\n<li>Sharing economy<\/li>\n<li>Green certified<\/li>\n<li>Augmented reality<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol>\n<li>Why do you think this trend has emerged? What market is it helping to serve?<\/li>\n<li>Find an example of a hotel that has responded to your chosen trend and explain how the trend has informed or changed the hotel\u2019s business strategy or practice.<\/li>\n<li>Are there any trends that are not listed above\u00a0that you think should be added? Try to name at least two. Why are these important accommodation trends today?<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h1>References<\/h1>\n<p class=\"hanging-indent\">Accor. (2020). <a class=\"internal\" href=\"https:\/\/group.accor.com\/en\/brands\/economy\/ibis-budget\"><em>Brand portfolio, economy brands<\/em><\/a>. Retrieved from www.accor.com\/en\/brands\/brand-portfolio.html<\/p>\n<p class=\"hanging-indent\">Airbnb. (2020). <a class=\"internal\" href=\"https:\/\/www.airbnb.ca\/host\/homes\"><i>Hosting in 3 steps.\u00a0<\/i><\/a> Retrieved from www.airbnb.ca\/host\/homes<\/p>\n<p class=\"hanging-indent\">Berelowitz, S. (2018, February 6).\u00a0 <a class=\"internal\" href=\"https:\/\/www.pegs.com\/blog\/important-mobile-booking-stats-for-hotels-in-2018\/\"><em>Important mobile booking stats for hotels in 2018.<\/em><\/a>\u00a0 Pegasus.\u00a0 Retrieved from www.pegs.com\/blog\/important-mobile-booking-stats-for-hotels-in-2018\/<\/p>\n<p class=\"hanging-indent\">Boutique Hotel Association. (n.d.) <a class=\"internal\" href=\"http:\/\/www.blla.org\/lifestyle-hotels.htm\" target=\"_self\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><em>Terminology and definitions for boutique and lifestyle hotels and properties.<\/em><\/a> Retrieved from www.blla.org\/lifestyle-hotels.htm<\/p>\n<p class=\"hanging-indent\">Brey, E. (2009). <a class=\"internal\" href=\"http:\/\/caribbeanhotelassociation.com\/source\/Members\/DataCenter\/Research-UofMemphis.pdf\" target=\"_self\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><em>Resort definitions and classifications: A summary report to research participants.<\/em> [PDF]<\/a>\u00a0University of Memphis: Center for Resort and Hospitality Business. Retrieved from http:\/\/caribbeanhotelassociation.com\/source\/Members\/DataCenter\/Research-UofMemphis.pdf<\/p>\n<p class=\"hanging-indent\">Camping and RV in BC. (2020). <a class=\"internal\" href=\"https:\/\/www.campingrvbc.com\/\"><em>Camping and RVing in BC go where your spirit takes you!\u00a0<\/em><\/a> Retrieved from https:\/\/www.campingrvbc.com\/<\/p>\n<p class=\"hanging-indent\">Canada History. (2013). <a class=\"internal\" href=\"http:\/\/www.canadahistory.com\/sections\/eras\/nation%20building\/Railroad.html\" target=\"_self\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><em>The railroad.<\/em><\/a> Retrieved from www.canadahistory.com\/sections\/eras\/nation%20building\/Railroad.html<\/p>\n<p class=\"hanging-indent\">CBC. (2018, February 7).\u00a0 <em><a class=\"internal\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cbc.ca\/news\/canada\/british-columbia\/airbnb-vancouver-bc-1.4524284\">Airbnb to collect provincial, municipal taxes on short-term rentals in B.C.\u00a0<\/a><\/em> Retrieved from www.cbc.ca\/news\/canada\/british-columbia\/airbnb-vancouver-bc-1.4524284<\/p>\n<p class=\"hanging-indent\">Coast Hotels and Resorts. (2020) <a class=\"internal\" href=\"https:\/\/www.coasthotels.com\/management-franchise\/\"><em>Management and franchises<\/em>.<\/a> Retrieved from https:\/\/www.coasthotels.com\/management-franchise\/<\/p>\n<p class=\"hanging-indent\">Crandell, C.<strong>,<\/strong> Dickinson, K., &amp; Kanter, G. I. (2004). Negotiating the hotel management contract. In <em>Hotel Asset Management: Principles &amp; Practices.<\/em> East Lansing, MI: University of Denver and American Hotel &amp; Lodging Educational Institute.<\/p>\n<p class=\"hanging-indent\">CRVBCC. (2014). <a class=\"internal\" href=\"http:\/\/www.campingrvbc.com\/about\/\" target=\"_self\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><em>About us: The Camping and RVing British Columbia Coalition<\/em><\/a>. Retrieved from www.campingrvbc.com\/about\/<\/p>\n<p class=\"hanging-indent\">Devehish, S. (2018). <a class=\"internal\" href=\"https:\/\/crva.ca\/economic-impact-canadian-rv-camping-industry\/\">&#8220;Economic Impact of Canadian RV and Camping Industry&#8221;.<\/a> <em>crva.ca.\u00a0\u00a0<\/em>Retrieved from www.crva.ca\/economic-impact-canadian-rv-camping-industry\/<\/p>\n<p class=\"hanging-indent\">Diffen. (2015). <a class=\"internal\" href=\"http:\/\/www.diffen.com\/difference\/Hotel_vs_Motel\" target=\"_self\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><em>Hotel vs motel.<\/em><\/a> Retrieved from www.diffen.com\/difference\/Hotel_vs_Motel<\/p>\n<p class=\"hanging-indent\"><em>The Economist, <\/em>(2013). Silverstein, B. <a class=\"internal\" href=\"http:\/\/www.economist.com\/news\/leaders\/21573104-internet-everything-hire-rise-sharing-economy\" target=\"_self\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The rise of the sharing economy.<\/a> Retrieved from www.economist.com\/news\/leaders\/21573104-internet-everything-hire-rise-sharing-economy<\/p>\n<p class=\"hanging-indent\">Fairmont Hotels and Resorts. (2020). <a class=\"internal\" href=\"http:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/fairmont-hotels-and-resorts?trk=job_view_topcard_company_name\" target=\"_self\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><em>Chief engineer job description<\/em><\/a>. Retrieved from www.linkedin.com\/company\/fairmont-hotels-and-resorts?trk=job_view_topcard_company_name<\/p>\n<p class=\"hanging-indent\">Fast Company. (2012). <a class=\"internal\" href=\"http:\/\/www.fastcompany.com\/3017358\/most-innovative-companies-2012\/19airbnb\" target=\"_self\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><em>Airbnb \u2013 Most innovative companies 2012<\/em><\/a>. Retrieved from www.fastcompany.com\/3017358\/most-innovative-companies-2012\/19airbnb<\/p>\n<p class=\"hanging-indent\">go2HR. (2020a). <a class=\"internal\" href=\"https:\/\/www.go2hr.ca\/career-summary\/executive-housekeeper\"><em>Executive housekeeper profile<\/em><\/a>. Retrieved from\u00a0www.go2hr.ca\/career-profiles\/executive-housekeeper<\/p>\n<p class=\"hanging-indent\">go2HR. (2020b). <a class=\"internal\" href=\"https:\/\/www.go2hr.ca\/career-summary\/director-of-sales-and-marketing\"><em>Director of sales and marketing in hotel profile<\/em><\/a>. Retrieved from wwwgo2hr.ca\/career-profiles\/director-sales-and-marketing-hotel<\/p>\n<p class=\"hanging-indent\">Hotel Association of Canada. (2019). <em>Membership &amp; Advocacy.<\/em> Retrieved from www.hotelassociation.ca<\/p>\n<p class=\"hanging-indent\">Attala, J. (2019, March 25).\u00a0 <a class=\"internal\" href=\"https:\/\/www.hotelmanagement.net\/tech\/10-ways-smart-technology-reshaping-hotel-industry\"><em>10 ways smart technology is reshaping the hotel industry.\u00a0<\/em><\/a> Hotel Management.\u00a0 Retrieved from www.hotelmanagement.net\/tech\/10-ways-smart-technology-reshaping-hotel-industry<\/p>\n<p class=\"hanging-indent\"><em>Hotelier.<\/em> (2018, December 17). Trends for 2019.\u00a0 Retrieved from www.hoteliermagazine.com\/trends-for-2019\/<\/p>\n<p class=\"hanging-indent\">Kostuch Media. (2018, July 9). <em>The Top 50 Report: The Canadian Hotel Industry Continues to Thrive.<\/em> Retrieved from Hotelier Magazine: https:\/\/www.hoteliermagazine.com\/the-top-50-report-the-canadian-hotel-industry-continues-to-thrive\/<\/p>\n<p class=\"hanging-indent\">Inversini, A., Masiero, L. (2014). Selling rooms online: the use of social media and online travel agents.\u00a0<em>International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management,<\/em> <em>26<\/em> (2), 272-292<\/p>\n<p class=\"hanging-indent\">Meiszner, P. (2014, June 27.) <a class=\"internal\" href=\"http:\/\/globalnews.ca\/news\/1421407\/fairmont-empress-hotel-in-victoria-purchased-by-vancouver-developer\/\" target=\"_self\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Fairmont Empress hotel in Victoria purchased by Vancouver developer.<\/a> <em>Global News.<\/em> Retrieved from\u00a0http:\/\/globalnews.ca\/news\/1421407\/fairmont-empress-hotel-in-victoria-purchased-by-vancouver-developer\/<\/p>\n<p class=\"hanging-indent\">Melloy, J. (2015, February 2). <a class=\"internal\" href=\"http:\/\/www.cnbc.com\/id\/102389442\" target=\"_self\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Airbnb guests triple hurting Priceline, HomeAway.<\/a> <em>CNBC.<\/em> Retrieved from www.cnbc.com\/id\/102389442<\/p>\n<p class=\"hanging-indent\">Migdal, N. (n.d.) <a class=\"internal\" href=\"http:\/\/hotelexecutive.com\/business_review\/2101\/test-franchise-agreements-vs-management-agreements-which-one-do-i-choose\" target=\"_self\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Franchise agreements vs. management agreements: Which one do I choose?<\/a> <em>Hotel Business Review<\/em>. Retrieved from hotelexecutive.com\/business_review\/2101\/test-franchise-agreements-vs-management-agreements-which-one-do-i-choose<\/p>\n<p class=\"hanging-indent\">Rushmore, S. (2005).\u00a0<a class=\"internal\" href=\"http:\/\/www.hotel-online.com\/News\/PR2005_4th\/Oct05_FranchiseCost.html\" target=\"_self\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">What does a hotel franchise cost?<\/a><em> Canadian Lodging Outlook<\/em>. Retrieved from www.hotel-online.com\/News\/PR2005_4th\/Oct05_FranchiseCost.html<\/p>\n<p class=\"hanging-indent\">SilverBirch Hotels. (2020). <a class=\"internal\" href=\"https:\/\/www.silverbirchhotels.com\/about\/\"><em>About us<\/em><\/a>. Retrieved from www.silverbirchhotels.com\/about\/<\/p>\n<p class=\"hanging-indent\">Tourism HR Canada. (2018). <em>Tourism Shortages: Jobs to Fill.<\/em> Retrieved from http:\/\/tourismhr.ca\/labour-market-information\/tourism-shortages-jobs-to-fill\/<\/p>\n<p class=\"hanging-indent\">Travel Click. (n.d.). <a class=\"internal\" href=\"https:\/\/www.travelclick.com\/insight\/balance-the-booking-equation-ota-vs-direct\/\"><em>Find your market mix &#8211; OTAs vs. direct<\/em><\/a>.\u00a0 Retrieved from https:\/\/www.travelclick.com\/insight\/balance-the-booking-equation-ota-vs-direct\/<\/p>\n<p class=\"hanging-indent\">Wedgewood Hotel &amp; Spa. (2020). <a class=\"internal\" href=\"https:\/\/www.wedgewoodhotel.com\/about-the-hotel\/meet-the-team\/\"><em>Wedgewood Hotel &amp; Spa, Meet the <\/em><em>Team<\/em>.<\/a> Retrieved from\u00a0www.wedgewoodhotel.com<\/p>\n<p class=\"hanging-indent\">Western Investor. (2012). <a class=\"internal\" href=\"http:\/\/westerninvestor.com\/index.php\/news\/ab\/692-investors-burnt-in-hotel-condos-fractionals\" target=\"_self\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><em>Investors burnt in hotel condos, fractionals<\/em><\/a>. Retrieved from<br \/>\nwesterninvestor.com\/index.php\/news\/ab\/692-investors-burnt-in-hotel-condos-fractionals<\/p>\n<p class=\"hanging-indent\">Zervas, G., Preserpio, D., &amp; Byers, J.W., (2015). <a class=\"internal\" href=\"http:\/\/ssrn.com\/abstract=2366898\" target=\"_self\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><em>The rise of the sharing economy: Estimating the impact of Airbnb on the hotel industry<\/em>.<\/a> Boston U. School of Management Research Paper No. 2013-16. Available at SSRN: ssrn.com\/abstract=2366898 or <a class=\"internal\" href=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.2139\/ssrn.2366898\" target=\"_self\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">dx.doi.org\/10.2139\/ssrn.2366898<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":90,"menu_order":5,"template":"","meta":{"pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":"cc-by"},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[52],"class_list":["post-1544","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry","license-cc-by"],"part":1519,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/introtourism2e\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/1544","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/introtourism2e\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/introtourism2e\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/introtourism2e\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/90"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/introtourism2e\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/1544\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3152,"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/introtourism2e\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/1544\/revisions\/3152"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/introtourism2e\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/1519"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/introtourism2e\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/1544\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/introtourism2e\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1544"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/introtourism2e\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=1544"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/introtourism2e\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=1544"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/introtourism2e\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=1544"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}