{"id":1590,"date":"2020-09-18T16:38:32","date_gmt":"2020-09-18T16:38:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/introtourism2e\/chapter\/festivals-and-events\/"},"modified":"2021-06-04T21:22:01","modified_gmt":"2021-06-04T21:22:01","slug":"festivals-and-events","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/introtourism2e\/chapter\/festivals-and-events\/","title":{"raw":"6.1 Festivals and Events","rendered":"6.1 Festivals and Events"},"content":{"raw":"When travellers enter Canada, there is a good chance they will be asked at the border, \"What is the nature of your trip?\" Whether the answer is for business, leisure, or visiting friends and relatives, there's a possibility that travellers will participate in some of the following activities (as listed in the Statistics Canada International Travel Survey):\n<ul>\n \t<li>Attend a festival or fair, or other cultural events<\/li>\n \t<li>Visit a zoo, aquarium, botanical garden, historic site, national park, museum, or art gallery<\/li>\n \t<li>Watch sports or participate in gaming<\/li>\n<\/ul>\nThese activities fall under the realm of [pb_glossary id=\"2615\"]entertainment[\/pb_glossary] as it relates to tourism. Documenting every activity that could be on a tourist\u2019s to-do list would be nearly impossible, for what one traveler would find entertaining, another may not. This chapter focuses on the major components of arts, entertainment, and attractions, including motion pictures, video exhibitions, and wineries; all activities listed under the North American Industry Classification System we learned about in <a class=\"internal\" href=\"\/introtourism2e\/part\/history-and-overview\/\">Chapter 1<\/a>.\n\nFestival and Major Events Canada (FAME) released a report in 2019 detailing the economic impacts of the 17 largest festivals and events in Quebec, which amounted to a whopping $378 million in tourist spending. Let's take a closer look at this segment of the sector and its impact across Canada.\n\n[caption id=\"attachment_1589\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"600\"]<img class=\"wp-image-1588\" src=\"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/introtourism2e\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/315\/2020\/09\/Labyrinth-of-Light.jpg\" alt=\"Dozens of small, square lanterns arranged in winding rows light up the darkness.\" width=\"600\" height=\"398\"> Figure 6.1 A labyrinth of light at the 2008 Winter Solstice Lantern Festival in Vancouver.[\/caption]\n<h1>Festivals<\/h1>\nThe International Dictionary of Event Management defines a [pb_glossary id=\"2647\"]festival[\/pb_glossary] as a \"public celebration that conveys, through a kaleidoscope of activities, certain meanings to participants and spectators\" (Goldblatt, 2001, p. 78).\u00a0Other definitions, including those used by the Ontario Trillium Foundation and the European Union, highlight accessibility to the general public and short duration as key elements that define a festival.\n\nSearch \u201cfestivals in Canada\u201d online and over 900 million results will appear. To define these activities in the context of tourism, we need to consider two fundamental questions, \"Who are these activities aimed at?\" and \"Why are they being celebrated?\"\n\nThe broad nature of festivals has lead to the development of classification types. For instance, funding for the federal government's Building Communities through Arts and Heritage Program is available under three categories, depending on the type of festival:\n<ol>\n \t<li>Local festivals funding is\u00a0provided to local groups for <em>recurring<\/em> festivals that present the work of local artists, artisans, or historical performers.<\/li>\n \t<li>Community anniversaries funding is\u00a0provided to local groups for <em>non-recurring<\/em> local events and capital projects that commemorate an anniversary of 100 years (or greater, in increments of 25 years).<\/li>\n \t<li>Legacy funding is provided to community-initiated capital projects that restore or transform <em>event spaces and places. <\/em>Eligible projects are those that commemorate a 100th anniversary (or greater, in increments of 25 years) of a significant local historical event or local historical personality.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\nFunds awarded in BC ranges from $2000 for the Nelson History Theatre Society's Arts and Heritage Festival in 2012 (Government of Canada, 2014a) to $100,200 for the Vancouver International Film Festival in 2017 (Government of Canada, 2017). In 2017-2018, federal funding from the Canada Arts Presentation Fund, Canada Cultural Spaces Fund, and Canada Cultural Investment Fund resulted in $183 million in infrastructure and program development funds to support organizations that professionally present arts festivals or performing arts series (Government of Canada, 2019).\n<div class=\"textbox shaded\">\n\n<strong>Spotlight On: International Festivals and\u00a0Events Association <\/strong>\n\nFounded in 1956 as the Festival Manager's Association, the [pb_glossary id=\"2741\"]International Festivals and\u00a0Events Association (IFEA)[\/pb_glossary] supports professionals\u00a0who produce and support celebrations for the benefit of their communities. Membership is required to access many of their resources.\u00a0For more information, visit the <a href=\"http:\/\/www.ifea.com\/\"> International Festivals and Events Association website<\/a>.\n\n<\/div>\nFestivals and events in BC celebrate theatre, dance, film, crafts, visual arts, and more. Just a few examples are\u00a0Bard on the Beach, Vancouver International Improv Festival, Cornucopia, and the Cowichan Wine and\u00a0Culinary Festival.\n\n[caption id=\"attachment_1589\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"500\"]<img class=\"wp-image-1589\" src=\"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/introtourism2e\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/315\/2021\/06\/Cornucopia.jpg\" alt=\"Three people in semi-formal clothes hold wine glasses at a festival.\" width=\"500\" height=\"333\"> Figure 6.2 Guests at Cornucopia, Whistler's celebration of food and wine.[\/caption]\n\n<div class=\"textbox shaded\">\n\n<strong>Spotlight On: Cornucopia, Whistler's Celebration of Wine and Food<\/strong>\n\nFor the \"epicurious, cornucopia is food + drink unleashed.\" Dubbed \"so wild you can taste it\" this 11-day event showcases tasting events, drink seminars, chef lunches and demos, avant-garde parties and more. For additional information, visit <a href=\"http:\/\/whistlercornucopia.com\">Cornucopia<\/a>.\n\n<\/div>\n<h1>Events<\/h1>\nAn [pb_glossary id=\"2641\"]event[\/pb_glossary] is a happening at a given place and time, usually of some importance, celebrating or commemorating a special occasion. To help broaden this simple definition, categories have been developed based on the scale of events. These categories, presented in Table 6.1, overlap and are not hard and fast, but help cover a range of events.\n<table><caption>Table 6.1 Event types, characteristics, and examples<\/caption>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\" colspan=\"3\"><a class=\"internal\" href=\"#table6.1\">[Skip Table]<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Event Type<\/th>\n<th>Characteristics<\/th>\n<th>Examples<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Mega-event: those that yield high levels of tourism, media coverage, prestige, or economic impact for the host community or destination.<\/td>\n<td>\n<ul>\n \t<li>So large it affects economies<\/li>\n \t<li>Gains global media coverage<\/li>\n \t<li>Highly prestigious<\/li>\n \t<li>Usually developed with a bidding process<\/li>\n \t<li>Has major positive\u00a0 and negative impacts<\/li>\n \t<li>1 million+ visits<\/li>\n \t<li>Capital costs in excess of $500 million<\/li>\n \t<li>Considered \"must see\"<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<ul>\n \t<li>Olympic Games\/ Paralympic Games<\/li>\n \t<li>Commonwealth Games<\/li>\n \t<li>FIFA World Cup<\/li>\n \t<li>World fairs and expositions<\/li>\n \t<li>Economic summits<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Special event: outside the normal activities of the sponsoring or organizing body.<\/td>\n<td>\n<ul>\n \t<li>One-time or infrequent<\/li>\n \t<li>Specific ritual, presentation, performance, or celebration<\/li>\n \t<li>Planned and created to mark a special occasion<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<ul>\n \t<li>National days and celebrations<\/li>\n \t<li>Important civic occasions<\/li>\n \t<li>Unique cultural performances<\/li>\n \t<li>Royal weddings<\/li>\n \t<li>Diamond jubilees<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Hallmark event: possesses such significance in terms of tradition, attractiveness, quality or publicity, that it provides the host venue, community, or destination with a competitive\u00a0 advantage.<\/td>\n<td>\n<ul>\n \t<li>Identified with the location or synonymous with place name<\/li>\n \t<li>Gains widespread recognition\/awareness<\/li>\n \t<li>Creates a competitive tourism advantage<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<ul>\n \t<li>The Carnival of Brazil\u00a0 (Rio de Janeiro)<\/li>\n \t<li>Mardi Gras (New Orleans)<\/li>\n \t<li>Oktoberfest (Munich)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Festival: (as defined above) public celebration that conveys, through a kaleidoscope of activities, certain meanings to participants and spectators.<\/td>\n<td>\n<ul>\n \t<li>Celebration and reaffirmation of community or culture<\/li>\n \t<li>Artistic content<\/li>\n \t<li>Religious or ritualistic<\/li>\n \t<li>Music, dance, and drama are often featured<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<ul>\n \t<li>Lollapalooza<\/li>\n \t<li>Junkanoo (Nassau, Bahamas)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Local community event: generated by and for locals; can be of interest to visitors, but tourists are not the main intended audience.<\/td>\n<td>\n<ul>\n \t<li>Involves the local population<\/li>\n \t<li>A shared experience to their mutual benefit<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<ul>\n \t<li>Fundraisers<\/li>\n \t<li>Picnics<\/li>\n \t<li>Barbeques<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"source\" colspan=\"3\">Data source: Getz, 2005.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p id=\"table6.1\">Events can be extremely complex projects, which is why,\u00a0over time, the role of event planners has taken on greater importance. The development of education, training programs, and professional designations such as CMPs (Certified Meeting Planners), CSEP (Certified Special Events Professional), and CMM (Certificate in Meeting Management) has led to increased credibility in this business and demonstrates the importance of the sector to the economy. Furthermore, there are a variety of event management certifications and diplomas offered in BC that enable future event and festival planners to gain specific skills and knowledge within the sector.<\/p>\nVarious tasks involved in event planning include:\n<ul>\n \t<li>Conceptualizing\/theming<\/li>\n \t<li>Logistics and planning<\/li>\n \t<li>Human resource management<\/li>\n \t<li>Security<\/li>\n \t<li>Marketing and public relations<\/li>\n \t<li>Budgeting and financial management<\/li>\n \t<li>Sponsorship procurement<\/li>\n \t<li>Management and evaluation<\/li>\n<\/ul>\nBut events aren't just for leisure visitors. In fact, the tourism industry has a long history of creating, hosting, and promoting events that draw business travelers. The next section explores meetings, conventions, and incentive travel, also known as [pb_glossary id=\"2767\"]MCIT[\/pb_glossary].\n\n[h5p id=\"17\"]","rendered":"<p>When travellers enter Canada, there is a good chance they will be asked at the border, &#8220;What is the nature of your trip?&#8221; Whether the answer is for business, leisure, or visiting friends and relatives, there&#8217;s a possibility that travellers will participate in some of the following activities (as listed in the Statistics Canada International Travel Survey):<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Attend a festival or fair, or other cultural events<\/li>\n<li>Visit a zoo, aquarium, botanical garden, historic site, national park, museum, or art gallery<\/li>\n<li>Watch sports or participate in gaming<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>These activities fall under the realm of <a class=\"glossary-term\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\" aria-describedby=\"definition\" href=\"#term_1590_2615\">entertainment<\/a> as it relates to tourism. Documenting every activity that could be on a tourist\u2019s to-do list would be nearly impossible, for what one traveler would find entertaining, another may not. This chapter focuses on the major components of arts, entertainment, and attractions, including motion pictures, video exhibitions, and wineries; all activities listed under the North American Industry Classification System we learned about in <a class=\"internal\" href=\"\/introtourism2e\/part\/history-and-overview\/\">Chapter 1<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Festival and Major Events Canada (FAME) released a report in 2019 detailing the economic impacts of the 17 largest festivals and events in Quebec, which amounted to a whopping $378 million in tourist spending. Let&#8217;s take a closer look at this segment of the sector and its impact across Canada.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_1589\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1589\" style=\"width: 600px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1588\" src=\"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/introtourism2e\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/315\/2020\/09\/Labyrinth-of-Light.jpg\" alt=\"Dozens of small, square lanterns arranged in winding rows light up the darkness.\" width=\"600\" height=\"398\" srcset=\"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/introtourism2e\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/315\/2020\/09\/Labyrinth-of-Light.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/introtourism2e\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/315\/2020\/09\/Labyrinth-of-Light-300x199.jpg 300w, https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/introtourism2e\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/315\/2020\/09\/Labyrinth-of-Light-1024x680.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/introtourism2e\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/315\/2020\/09\/Labyrinth-of-Light-768x510.jpg 768w, https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/introtourism2e\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/315\/2020\/09\/Labyrinth-of-Light-1536x1020.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/introtourism2e\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/315\/2020\/09\/Labyrinth-of-Light-65x43.jpg 65w, https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/introtourism2e\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/315\/2020\/09\/Labyrinth-of-Light-225x149.jpg 225w, https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/introtourism2e\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/315\/2020\/09\/Labyrinth-of-Light-350x232.jpg 350w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-1589\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Figure 6.1 A labyrinth of light at the 2008 Winter Solstice Lantern Festival in Vancouver.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h1>Festivals<\/h1>\n<p>The International Dictionary of Event Management defines a <a class=\"glossary-term\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\" aria-describedby=\"definition\" href=\"#term_1590_2647\">festival<\/a> as a &#8220;public celebration that conveys, through a kaleidoscope of activities, certain meanings to participants and spectators&#8221; (Goldblatt, 2001, p. 78).\u00a0Other definitions, including those used by the Ontario Trillium Foundation and the European Union, highlight accessibility to the general public and short duration as key elements that define a festival.<\/p>\n<p>Search \u201cfestivals in Canada\u201d online and over 900 million results will appear. To define these activities in the context of tourism, we need to consider two fundamental questions, &#8220;Who are these activities aimed at?&#8221; and &#8220;Why are they being celebrated?&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>The broad nature of festivals has lead to the development of classification types. For instance, funding for the federal government&#8217;s Building Communities through Arts and Heritage Program is available under three categories, depending on the type of festival:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Local festivals funding is\u00a0provided to local groups for <em>recurring<\/em> festivals that present the work of local artists, artisans, or historical performers.<\/li>\n<li>Community anniversaries funding is\u00a0provided to local groups for <em>non-recurring<\/em> local events and capital projects that commemorate an anniversary of 100 years (or greater, in increments of 25 years).<\/li>\n<li>Legacy funding is provided to community-initiated capital projects that restore or transform <em>event spaces and places. <\/em>Eligible projects are those that commemorate a 100th anniversary (or greater, in increments of 25 years) of a significant local historical event or local historical personality.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Funds awarded in BC ranges from $2000 for the Nelson History Theatre Society&#8217;s Arts and Heritage Festival in 2012 (Government of Canada, 2014a) to $100,200 for the Vancouver International Film Festival in 2017 (Government of Canada, 2017). In 2017-2018, federal funding from the Canada Arts Presentation Fund, Canada Cultural Spaces Fund, and Canada Cultural Investment Fund resulted in $183 million in infrastructure and program development funds to support organizations that professionally present arts festivals or performing arts series (Government of Canada, 2019).<\/p>\n<div class=\"textbox shaded\">\n<p><strong>Spotlight On: International Festivals and\u00a0Events Association <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Founded in 1956 as the Festival Manager&#8217;s Association, the <a class=\"glossary-term\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\" aria-describedby=\"definition\" href=\"#term_1590_2741\">International Festivals and\u00a0Events Association (IFEA)<\/a> supports professionals\u00a0who produce and support celebrations for the benefit of their communities. Membership is required to access many of their resources.\u00a0For more information, visit the <a href=\"http:\/\/www.ifea.com\/\"> International Festivals and Events Association website<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>Festivals and events in BC celebrate theatre, dance, film, crafts, visual arts, and more. Just a few examples are\u00a0Bard on the Beach, Vancouver International Improv Festival, Cornucopia, and the Cowichan Wine and\u00a0Culinary Festival.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_1589\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1589\" style=\"width: 500px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1589\" src=\"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/introtourism2e\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/315\/2021\/06\/Cornucopia.jpg\" alt=\"Three people in semi-formal clothes hold wine glasses at a festival.\" width=\"500\" height=\"333\" srcset=\"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/introtourism2e\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/315\/2021\/06\/Cornucopia.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/introtourism2e\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/315\/2021\/06\/Cornucopia-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/introtourism2e\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/315\/2021\/06\/Cornucopia-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/introtourism2e\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/315\/2021\/06\/Cornucopia-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/introtourism2e\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/315\/2021\/06\/Cornucopia-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/introtourism2e\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/315\/2021\/06\/Cornucopia-65x43.jpg 65w, https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/introtourism2e\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/315\/2021\/06\/Cornucopia-225x150.jpg 225w, https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/introtourism2e\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/315\/2021\/06\/Cornucopia-350x233.jpg 350w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-1589\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Figure 6.2 Guests at Cornucopia, Whistler&#8217;s celebration of food and wine.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<div class=\"textbox shaded\">\n<p><strong>Spotlight On: Cornucopia, Whistler&#8217;s Celebration of Wine and Food<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>For the &#8220;epicurious, cornucopia is food + drink unleashed.&#8221; Dubbed &#8220;so wild you can taste it&#8221; this 11-day event showcases tasting events, drink seminars, chef lunches and demos, avant-garde parties and more. For additional information, visit <a href=\"http:\/\/whistlercornucopia.com\">Cornucopia<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<h1>Events<\/h1>\n<p>An <a class=\"glossary-term\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\" aria-describedby=\"definition\" href=\"#term_1590_2641\">event<\/a> is a happening at a given place and time, usually of some importance, celebrating or commemorating a special occasion. To help broaden this simple definition, categories have been developed based on the scale of events. These categories, presented in Table 6.1, overlap and are not hard and fast, but help cover a range of events.<\/p>\n<table>\n<caption>Table 6.1 Event types, characteristics, and examples<\/caption>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\" colspan=\"3\"><a class=\"internal\" href=\"#table6.1\">[Skip Table]<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Event Type<\/th>\n<th>Characteristics<\/th>\n<th>Examples<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Mega-event: those that yield high levels of tourism, media coverage, prestige, or economic impact for the host community or destination.<\/td>\n<td>\n<ul>\n<li>So large it affects economies<\/li>\n<li>Gains global media coverage<\/li>\n<li>Highly prestigious<\/li>\n<li>Usually developed with a bidding process<\/li>\n<li>Has major positive\u00a0 and negative impacts<\/li>\n<li>1 million+ visits<\/li>\n<li>Capital costs in excess of $500 million<\/li>\n<li>Considered &#8220;must see&#8221;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<ul>\n<li>Olympic Games\/ Paralympic Games<\/li>\n<li>Commonwealth Games<\/li>\n<li>FIFA World Cup<\/li>\n<li>World fairs and expositions<\/li>\n<li>Economic summits<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Special event: outside the normal activities of the sponsoring or organizing body.<\/td>\n<td>\n<ul>\n<li>One-time or infrequent<\/li>\n<li>Specific ritual, presentation, performance, or celebration<\/li>\n<li>Planned and created to mark a special occasion<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<ul>\n<li>National days and celebrations<\/li>\n<li>Important civic occasions<\/li>\n<li>Unique cultural performances<\/li>\n<li>Royal weddings<\/li>\n<li>Diamond jubilees<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Hallmark event: possesses such significance in terms of tradition, attractiveness, quality or publicity, that it provides the host venue, community, or destination with a competitive\u00a0 advantage.<\/td>\n<td>\n<ul>\n<li>Identified with the location or synonymous with place name<\/li>\n<li>Gains widespread recognition\/awareness<\/li>\n<li>Creates a competitive tourism advantage<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<ul>\n<li>The Carnival of Brazil\u00a0 (Rio de Janeiro)<\/li>\n<li>Mardi Gras (New Orleans)<\/li>\n<li>Oktoberfest (Munich)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Festival: (as defined above) public celebration that conveys, through a kaleidoscope of activities, certain meanings to participants and spectators.<\/td>\n<td>\n<ul>\n<li>Celebration and reaffirmation of community or culture<\/li>\n<li>Artistic content<\/li>\n<li>Religious or ritualistic<\/li>\n<li>Music, dance, and drama are often featured<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<ul>\n<li>Lollapalooza<\/li>\n<li>Junkanoo (Nassau, Bahamas)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Local community event: generated by and for locals; can be of interest to visitors, but tourists are not the main intended audience.<\/td>\n<td>\n<ul>\n<li>Involves the local population<\/li>\n<li>A shared experience to their mutual benefit<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<ul>\n<li>Fundraisers<\/li>\n<li>Picnics<\/li>\n<li>Barbeques<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"source\" colspan=\"3\">Data source: Getz, 2005.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p id=\"table6.1\">Events can be extremely complex projects, which is why,\u00a0over time, the role of event planners has taken on greater importance. The development of education, training programs, and professional designations such as CMPs (Certified Meeting Planners), CSEP (Certified Special Events Professional), and CMM (Certificate in Meeting Management) has led to increased credibility in this business and demonstrates the importance of the sector to the economy. Furthermore, there are a variety of event management certifications and diplomas offered in BC that enable future event and festival planners to gain specific skills and knowledge within the sector.<\/p>\n<p>Various tasks involved in event planning include:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Conceptualizing\/theming<\/li>\n<li>Logistics and planning<\/li>\n<li>Human resource management<\/li>\n<li>Security<\/li>\n<li>Marketing and public relations<\/li>\n<li>Budgeting and financial management<\/li>\n<li>Sponsorship procurement<\/li>\n<li>Management and evaluation<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>But events aren&#8217;t just for leisure visitors. In fact, the tourism industry has a long history of creating, hosting, and promoting events that draw business travelers. The next section explores meetings, conventions, and incentive travel, also known as <a class=\"glossary-term\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\" aria-describedby=\"definition\" href=\"#term_1590_2767\">MCIT<\/a>.<\/p>\n<div id=\"h5p-17\">\n<div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><iframe id=\"h5p-iframe-17\" class=\"h5p-iframe\" data-content-id=\"17\" style=\"height:1px\" src=\"about:blank\" frameBorder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"Chapter 6 Events\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"glossary\"><span class=\"screen-reader-text\" id=\"definition\">definition<\/span><template id=\"term_1590_2615\"><div class=\"glossary__definition\" role=\"dialog\" data-id=\"term_1590_2615\"><div tabindex=\"-1\"><p>(As it relates to tourism) includes attending festivals, events, fairs, spectator sports, zoos, botanical gardens, historic sites, cultural venues, attractions, museums, and galleries.<\/p>\n<\/div><button><span aria-hidden=\"true\">&times;<\/span><span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Close definition<\/span><\/button><\/div><\/template><template id=\"term_1590_2647\"><div class=\"glossary__definition\" role=\"dialog\" data-id=\"term_1590_2647\"><div tabindex=\"-1\"><p>Public event that features multiple activities in celebration of a culture, an anniversary or historical date, art form, or product (food, timber, etc.).<\/p>\n<\/div><button><span aria-hidden=\"true\">&times;<\/span><span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Close definition<\/span><\/button><\/div><\/template><template id=\"term_1590_2741\"><div class=\"glossary__definition\" role=\"dialog\" data-id=\"term_1590_2741\"><div tabindex=\"-1\"><p>Organization that supports professionals who produce and support celebrations for the benefit of their respective communities.<\/p>\n<\/div><button><span aria-hidden=\"true\">&times;<\/span><span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Close definition<\/span><\/button><\/div><\/template><template id=\"term_1590_2641\"><div class=\"glossary__definition\" role=\"dialog\" data-id=\"term_1590_2641\"><div tabindex=\"-1\"><p>A happening at a given place and time, usually of some importance, celebrating or commemorating a special occasion; can include mega-events, special events, hallmark events, festivals, and local community events.<\/p>\n<\/div><button><span aria-hidden=\"true\">&times;<\/span><span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Close definition<\/span><\/button><\/div><\/template><template id=\"term_1590_2767\"><div class=\"glossary__definition\" role=\"dialog\" data-id=\"term_1590_2767\"><div tabindex=\"-1\"><p>All special events with programming aimed at a business audience.<\/p>\n<\/div><button><span aria-hidden=\"true\">&times;<\/span><span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Close definition<\/span><\/button><\/div><\/template><\/div>","protected":false},"author":90,"menu_order":1,"template":"","meta":{"pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":"cc-by"},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[52],"class_list":["post-1590","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry","license-cc-by"],"part":1586,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/introtourism2e\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/1590","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/introtourism2e\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/introtourism2e\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/introtourism2e\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/90"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/introtourism2e\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/1590\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3100,"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/introtourism2e\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/1590\/revisions\/3100"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/introtourism2e\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/1586"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/introtourism2e\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/1590\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/introtourism2e\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1590"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/introtourism2e\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=1590"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/introtourism2e\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=1590"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/introtourism2e\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=1590"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}