{"id":187,"date":"2019-10-17T22:10:52","date_gmt":"2019-10-18T02:10:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/nursingpharmacology\/chapter\/4-11-alpha-2\/"},"modified":"2023-01-10T17:18:20","modified_gmt":"2023-01-10T22:18:20","slug":"4-11-alpha-2","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/nursingpharmacology\/chapter\/4-11-alpha-2\/","title":{"raw":"4.11 Alpha-2 Antagonists","rendered":"4.11 Alpha-2 Antagonists"},"content":{"raw":"Clonidine is an Alpha-2 antagonist.\r\n\r\n<strong>Mechanism of Action:<\/strong>\u00a0 Clonidine reduces sympathetic outflow from the central nervous system and decreases peripheral resistance and renal vascular resistance.\r\n\r\n<strong>Indications for Use:<\/strong> Clonidine is used to treat hypertension (HTN) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).\r\n\r\n<strong>Nursing Considerations Across the Lifespan:\u00a0<\/strong>Alpha-2 antagonists can be used safely in pediatric and older adult populations.\u00a0 For pediatrics, dose adjustments need to be made based on the child's weight, and titrated slowly.\u00a0 In older adult populations, dose adjustments are necessary when there is underlying kidney dysfunction.\r\n\r\nNurses need to monitor blood pressure and pulse rate frequently when giving these medications. Dosage is usually adjusted to the client's blood pressure and can cause hypotension, bradycardia, and sedation. Rebound hypertension may occur if stopped abruptly.\r\n\r\n<strong>Patient Teaching &amp; Education: <\/strong>Clients should be taught the importance of adhering to the same dosing schedule each day.\u00a0 Clients may experience orthostatic blood pressure changes and should be cautioned against the use of alcohol while taking this medication.\u00a0 Additionally, clients may experience increased susceptibility to blood pressure changes when exercising and exposed to hot environments.\u00a0 If the client experiences mental depression as a side effect of the medication, a different medication therapy may be needed.[footnote]uCentral from Unbound Medicine. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.unboundmedicine.com\/ucentral\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">https:\/\/www.unboundmedicine.com\/ucentral<\/a>[\/footnote]\r\n<h1>Clonidine Medication Card<\/h1>\r\nNow let's take a closer look at the medication grid on clonidine.[footnote]This work is a derivative of <a href=\"https:\/\/dailymed.nlm.nih.gov\/dailymed\/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Daily Med<\/a> by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nlm.nih.gov\/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">U.S. National Library of Medicine<\/a> in the <a class=\"internal\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/share-your-work\/public-domain\/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">public domain<\/a>.[\/footnote][footnote]UpToDate (2021). <em>Clonidine<\/em>. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.uptodate.com\/contents\/search\">https:\/\/www.uptodate.com\/contents\/search<\/a>[\/footnote] Because information about medication is constantly changing, nurses should always consult evidence-based resources to review current recommendations before administering specific medication.\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--learning-objectives\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<h2 class=\"textbox__title\">Medication Card 4.11.1: Clonidine<\/h2>\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n\r\n<strong>Class: <\/strong>Alpha-2 Agonist\r\n\r\n<strong>Prototypes:<\/strong> Clonidine\r\n<h3>Therapeutic Effects<\/h3>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>treat hypertension, or ADHD<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h3>Administration<\/h3>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>PO (immediate-release and slow-release), transdermal<\/li>\r\n \t<li>dosage is usually adjusted to clients BP and tolerance<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h3>Indications<\/h3>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Treatment of attention-deficit\/ hyperactivity disorder (monotherapy or as adjunctive therapy)<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Hypertension (immediate-release tablet and transdermal patch)<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Vasomotor symptoms associated with menopause<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h3>Side Effects<\/h3>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>hypotension<\/li>\r\n \t<li>bradycardia<\/li>\r\n \t<li>sedation<\/li>\r\n \t<li>rebound hypertension if stopped abruptly<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h3>Nursing Considerations<\/h3>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Monitor blood pressure and pulse rate frequently<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Never stop medication abruptly<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<h1>Alpha-2 Antagonists<\/h1>\r\nA2 antagonists are used in research with limited clinical application.[footnote]This work is a derivative of <a href=\"https:\/\/dailymed.nlm.nih.gov\/dailymed\/\">Daily Med<\/a> by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nlm.nih.gov\/\">U.S. National Library of Medicine<\/a> in the public domain. [\/footnote]","rendered":"<p>Clonidine is an Alpha-2 antagonist.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Mechanism of Action:<\/strong>\u00a0 Clonidine reduces sympathetic outflow from the central nervous system and decreases peripheral resistance and renal vascular resistance.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Indications for Use:<\/strong> Clonidine is used to treat hypertension (HTN) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Nursing Considerations Across the Lifespan:\u00a0<\/strong>Alpha-2 antagonists can be used safely in pediatric and older adult populations.\u00a0 For pediatrics, dose adjustments need to be made based on the child&#8217;s weight, and titrated slowly.\u00a0 In older adult populations, dose adjustments are necessary when there is underlying kidney dysfunction.<\/p>\n<p>Nurses need to monitor blood pressure and pulse rate frequently when giving these medications. Dosage is usually adjusted to the client&#8217;s blood pressure and can cause hypotension, bradycardia, and sedation. Rebound hypertension may occur if stopped abruptly.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Patient Teaching &amp; Education: <\/strong>Clients should be taught the importance of adhering to the same dosing schedule each day.\u00a0 Clients may experience orthostatic blood pressure changes and should be cautioned against the use of alcohol while taking this medication.\u00a0 Additionally, clients may experience increased susceptibility to blood pressure changes when exercising and exposed to hot environments.\u00a0 If the client experiences mental depression as a side effect of the medication, a different medication therapy may be needed.<a class=\"footnote\" title=\"uCentral from Unbound Medicine. https:\/\/www.unboundmedicine.com\/ucentral\" id=\"return-footnote-187-1\" href=\"#footnote-187-1\" aria-label=\"Footnote 1\"><sup class=\"footnote\">[1]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n<h1>Clonidine Medication Card<\/h1>\n<p>Now let&#8217;s take a closer look at the medication grid on clonidine.<a class=\"footnote\" title=\"This work is a derivative of Daily Med by U.S. National Library of Medicine in the public domain.\" id=\"return-footnote-187-2\" href=\"#footnote-187-2\" aria-label=\"Footnote 2\"><sup class=\"footnote\">[2]<\/sup><\/a><a class=\"footnote\" title=\"UpToDate (2021). Clonidine. https:\/\/www.uptodate.com\/contents\/search\" id=\"return-footnote-187-3\" href=\"#footnote-187-3\" aria-label=\"Footnote 3\"><sup class=\"footnote\">[3]<\/sup><\/a> Because information about medication is constantly changing, nurses should always consult evidence-based resources to review current recommendations before administering specific medication.<\/p>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--learning-objectives\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<h2 class=\"textbox__title\">Medication Card 4.11.1: Clonidine<\/h2>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<p><strong>Class: <\/strong>Alpha-2 Agonist<\/p>\n<p><strong>Prototypes:<\/strong> Clonidine<\/p>\n<h3>Therapeutic Effects<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>treat hypertension, or ADHD<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Administration<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>PO (immediate-release and slow-release), transdermal<\/li>\n<li>dosage is usually adjusted to clients BP and tolerance<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Indications<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Treatment of attention-deficit\/ hyperactivity disorder (monotherapy or as adjunctive therapy)<\/li>\n<li>Hypertension (immediate-release tablet and transdermal patch)<\/li>\n<li>Vasomotor symptoms associated with menopause<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Side Effects<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>hypotension<\/li>\n<li>bradycardia<\/li>\n<li>sedation<\/li>\n<li>rebound hypertension if stopped abruptly<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Nursing Considerations<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Monitor blood pressure and pulse rate frequently<\/li>\n<li>Never stop medication abruptly<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h1>Alpha-2 Antagonists<\/h1>\n<p>A2 antagonists are used in research with limited clinical application.<a class=\"footnote\" title=\"This work is a derivative of Daily Med by U.S. National Library of Medicine in the public domain.\" id=\"return-footnote-187-4\" href=\"#footnote-187-4\" aria-label=\"Footnote 4\"><sup class=\"footnote\">[4]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n<hr class=\"before-footnotes clear\" \/><div class=\"footnotes\"><ol><li id=\"footnote-187-1\">uCentral from Unbound Medicine. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.unboundmedicine.com\/ucentral\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">https:\/\/www.unboundmedicine.com\/ucentral<\/a> <a href=\"#return-footnote-187-1\" class=\"return-footnote\" aria-label=\"Return to footnote 1\">&crarr;<\/a><\/li><li id=\"footnote-187-2\">This work is a derivative of <a href=\"https:\/\/dailymed.nlm.nih.gov\/dailymed\/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Daily Med<\/a> by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nlm.nih.gov\/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">U.S. National Library of Medicine<\/a> in the <a class=\"internal\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/share-your-work\/public-domain\/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">public domain<\/a>. <a href=\"#return-footnote-187-2\" class=\"return-footnote\" aria-label=\"Return to footnote 2\">&crarr;<\/a><\/li><li id=\"footnote-187-3\">UpToDate (2021). <em>Clonidine<\/em>. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.uptodate.com\/contents\/search\">https:\/\/www.uptodate.com\/contents\/search<\/a> <a href=\"#return-footnote-187-3\" class=\"return-footnote\" aria-label=\"Return to footnote 3\">&crarr;<\/a><\/li><li id=\"footnote-187-4\">This work is a derivative of <a href=\"https:\/\/dailymed.nlm.nih.gov\/dailymed\/\">Daily Med<\/a> by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nlm.nih.gov\/\">U.S. National Library of Medicine<\/a> in the public domain.  <a href=\"#return-footnote-187-4\" class=\"return-footnote\" aria-label=\"Return to footnote 4\">&crarr;<\/a><\/li><\/ol><\/div>","protected":false},"author":90,"menu_order":11,"template":"","meta":{"pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[50],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-187","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry","chapter-type-numberless"],"part":150,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/nursingpharmacology\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/187","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/nursingpharmacology\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/nursingpharmacology\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/nursingpharmacology\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/90"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/nursingpharmacology\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/187\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1536,"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/nursingpharmacology\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/187\/revisions\/1536"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/nursingpharmacology\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/150"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/nursingpharmacology\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/187\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/nursingpharmacology\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=187"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/nursingpharmacology\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=187"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/nursingpharmacology\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=187"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/nursingpharmacology\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=187"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}