{"id":519,"date":"2019-06-11T14:51:25","date_gmt":"2019-06-11T14:51:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/physicalgeology2ed\/part\/chapter-12-geological-structures\/"},"modified":"2021-12-08T18:06:34","modified_gmt":"2021-12-08T18:06:34","slug":"chapter-12-geological-structures","status":"publish","type":"part","link":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/physicalgeology2ed\/part\/chapter-12-geological-structures\/","title":{"raw":"Chapter 12 Geological Structures","rendered":"Chapter 12 Geological Structures"},"content":{"raw":"<div class=\"textbox textbox--learning-objectives\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Learning Objectives<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n\r\nAfter carefully reading this chapter, completing the exercises within it, and answering the questions at the end, you should be able to:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Describe the types of stresses that exist within the Earth\u2019s crust.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Explain how rocks respond to those stresses by brittle, elastic, or plastic deformation, or by fracturing.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Summarize how rocks become folded and know the terms used to describe the features of folds.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Describe the conditions under which rocks fracture.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Summarize the different types of faults, including normal, reverse, thrust, and strike-slip.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Measure the strike and dip of a geological feature.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Plot strike and dip information on a map.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_518\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"800\"]<a href=\"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/physicalgeology2ed\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/298\/2019\/06\/sedimentary-rocks-1.jpg\"><img class=\"wp-image-518\" src=\"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/physicalgeology2ed\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/298\/2019\/06\/sedimentary-rocks-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"583\" \/><\/a> Figure 12.0.1\u00a0 A fold in sedimentary rocks near Golden and the Kickinghorse River, B.C. The coin in the middle is 26 mm across.[\/caption]\r\n\r\nObserving and understanding geological structures helps us to determine the kinds of stresses that have existed within Earth's crust in the past.\u00a0 This type of information is critical to our understanding of plate tectonics, earthquakes, the formation of mountains, metamorphism, and Earth resources.\u00a0 Some of the types of geological structures that are important to study include bedding planes, planes of foliation, dykes and sills, fractures, faults, and folds.\u00a0 Structural geologists make careful observations of the orientations of these structures and the amount and direction of offset along faults.\r\n<h3>Media Attributions<\/h3>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Figure 12.0.1: \u00a9 Steven Earle. CC BY.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>","rendered":"<div class=\"textbox textbox--learning-objectives\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Learning Objectives<\/p>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<p>After carefully reading this chapter, completing the exercises within it, and answering the questions at the end, you should be able to:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Describe the types of stresses that exist within the Earth\u2019s crust.<\/li>\n<li>Explain how rocks respond to those stresses by brittle, elastic, or plastic deformation, or by fracturing.<\/li>\n<li>Summarize how rocks become folded and know the terms used to describe the features of folds.<\/li>\n<li>Describe the conditions under which rocks fracture.<\/li>\n<li>Summarize the different types of faults, including normal, reverse, thrust, and strike-slip.<\/li>\n<li>Measure the strike and dip of a geological feature.<\/li>\n<li>Plot strike and dip information on a map.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<figure id=\"attachment_518\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-518\" style=\"width: 800px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/physicalgeology2ed\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/298\/2019\/06\/sedimentary-rocks-1.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-518\" src=\"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/physicalgeology2ed\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/298\/2019\/06\/sedimentary-rocks-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"583\" srcset=\"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/physicalgeology2ed\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/298\/2019\/06\/sedimentary-rocks-1.jpg 1600w, https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/physicalgeology2ed\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/298\/2019\/06\/sedimentary-rocks-1-300x218.jpg 300w, https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/physicalgeology2ed\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/298\/2019\/06\/sedimentary-rocks-1-768x559.jpg 768w, https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/physicalgeology2ed\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/298\/2019\/06\/sedimentary-rocks-1-1024x746.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/physicalgeology2ed\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/298\/2019\/06\/sedimentary-rocks-1-65x47.jpg 65w, https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/physicalgeology2ed\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/298\/2019\/06\/sedimentary-rocks-1-225x164.jpg 225w, https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/physicalgeology2ed\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/298\/2019\/06\/sedimentary-rocks-1-350x255.jpg 350w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-518\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Figure 12.0.1\u00a0 A fold in sedimentary rocks near Golden and the Kickinghorse River, B.C. The coin in the middle is 26 mm across.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Observing and understanding geological structures helps us to determine the kinds of stresses that have existed within Earth&#8217;s crust in the past.\u00a0 This type of information is critical to our understanding of plate tectonics, earthquakes, the formation of mountains, metamorphism, and Earth resources.\u00a0 Some of the types of geological structures that are important to study include bedding planes, planes of foliation, dykes and sills, fractures, faults, and folds.\u00a0 Structural geologists make careful observations of the orientations of these structures and the amount and direction of offset along faults.<\/p>\n<h3>Media Attributions<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Figure 12.0.1: \u00a9 Steven Earle. CC BY.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"parent":0,"menu_order":12,"template":"","meta":{"pb_part_invisible":false,"pb_part_invisible_string":""},"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-519","part","type-part","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/physicalgeology2ed\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/519","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/physicalgeology2ed\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/physicalgeology2ed\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/part"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/physicalgeology2ed\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/519\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2330,"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/physicalgeology2ed\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/519\/revisions\/2330"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/physicalgeology2ed\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=519"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/physicalgeology2ed\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=519"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/physicalgeology2ed\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=519"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}