{"id":564,"date":"2018-02-25T15:31:39","date_gmt":"2018-02-25T20:31:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/physicalgeologyh5p\/chapter\/chapter-13-summary-2\/"},"modified":"2023-01-31T19:27:31","modified_gmt":"2023-02-01T00:27:31","slug":"chapter-13-summary-key-term-check","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/physicalgeologyh5p\/chapter\/chapter-13-summary-key-term-check\/","title":{"raw":"Chapter 13 Summary &amp; Key Term Check","rendered":"Chapter 13 Summary &amp; Key Term Check"},"content":{"raw":"<h1>Chapter 13 Main Ideas<\/h1>\r\n<h2>13.1 Stress and Strain<\/h2>\r\nStress within rocks\u2014which includes compression, extension and shearing\u2014originates from plate tectonic processes and the weight of overlying rocks. Rock that is stressed responds with either elastic or plastic strain, and may eventually break. The way a rock responds to stress depends on its composition and structure, the rate at which strain is applied, and also on the temperature, pressure, and the presence of fluid within the rock.\r\n<div class=\"textbox shaded\">\r\n\r\n<strong>Practice Again<\/strong>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/physicalgeologyh5p\/chapter\/stress-and-strain\/#284\">Types of deformation<\/a><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<h2>13.2 Folding<\/h2>\r\nFolding is generally a ductile response to compression, although some brittle behaviour can happen during folding.\u00a0A fold with a hinge that points upward is an anticline.\u00a0A fold with a hinge that points downward is a syncline.\u00a0The axial surface of a fold can be vertical, inclined, or even horizontal. The landforms produced by folds will depend on the resistance to weathering of rock layers within the fold.\r\n<div class=\"textbox shaded\">\r\n\r\n<strong>Practice Again<\/strong>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/physicalgeologyh5p\/chapter\/folds\/#285\">Types of folds<\/a><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<h2>13.3 Fractures, Joints, and Faults<\/h2>\r\nJoints typically form during extension, but can also form during compression.\u00a0Faulting, which involves the displacement of rock, can take place during compression or extension, as well as\u00a0during shearing at transform boundaries.\u00a0\u00a0Thrust faults are a type of reverse fault with a fault plane tilted at a low angle. Thrust faults are common in mountain belts formed by plate collisions.\r\n<div class=\"textbox shaded\">\r\n\r\n<strong>Practice Again<\/strong>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/physicalgeologyh5p\/chapter\/fractures-joints-and-faults\/#286\">Types of faults<\/a><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<h2>13.4 Mountain Building<\/h2>\r\nMountain building in zones of plate collision is called orogeny. The mountains that form are orogens, and consist of crust thickened and deformed by folding and faulting, as well as the intrusion of igneous rocks. Orogens in ocean-continent collision zones have volcanoes. Mountains formed in rift zones are the result of tilting of normal-faulted blocks, or some normal-faulted blocks subsiding while others remain elevated.\r\n<h2>13.5 Measuring Geological Structures<\/h2>\r\nThe strike and dip of planar surfaces, such as a bedding planes, fractures or faults are measured to help understand the geological history of a region.\u00a0 Special symbols are used to show the orientation of structural features on geological maps.\r\n<h1>Key Term Check<\/h1>\r\nWhat key term from Chapter 13 is each card describing? Turn the card to check your answer.\r\n\r\n[h5p id=\"158\"]","rendered":"<h1>Chapter 13 Main Ideas<\/h1>\n<h2>13.1 Stress and Strain<\/h2>\n<p>Stress within rocks\u2014which includes compression, extension and shearing\u2014originates from plate tectonic processes and the weight of overlying rocks. Rock that is stressed responds with either elastic or plastic strain, and may eventually break. The way a rock responds to stress depends on its composition and structure, the rate at which strain is applied, and also on the temperature, pressure, and the presence of fluid within the rock.<\/p>\n<div class=\"textbox shaded\">\n<p><strong>Practice Again<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/physicalgeologyh5p\/chapter\/stress-and-strain\/#284\">Types of deformation<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<h2>13.2 Folding<\/h2>\n<p>Folding is generally a ductile response to compression, although some brittle behaviour can happen during folding.\u00a0A fold with a hinge that points upward is an anticline.\u00a0A fold with a hinge that points downward is a syncline.\u00a0The axial surface of a fold can be vertical, inclined, or even horizontal. The landforms produced by folds will depend on the resistance to weathering of rock layers within the fold.<\/p>\n<div class=\"textbox shaded\">\n<p><strong>Practice Again<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/physicalgeologyh5p\/chapter\/folds\/#285\">Types of folds<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<h2>13.3 Fractures, Joints, and Faults<\/h2>\n<p>Joints typically form during extension, but can also form during compression.\u00a0Faulting, which involves the displacement of rock, can take place during compression or extension, as well as\u00a0during shearing at transform boundaries.\u00a0\u00a0Thrust faults are a type of reverse fault with a fault plane tilted at a low angle. Thrust faults are common in mountain belts formed by plate collisions.<\/p>\n<div class=\"textbox shaded\">\n<p><strong>Practice Again<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/physicalgeologyh5p\/chapter\/fractures-joints-and-faults\/#286\">Types of faults<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<h2>13.4 Mountain Building<\/h2>\n<p>Mountain building in zones of plate collision is called orogeny. The mountains that form are orogens, and consist of crust thickened and deformed by folding and faulting, as well as the intrusion of igneous rocks. Orogens in ocean-continent collision zones have volcanoes. Mountains formed in rift zones are the result of tilting of normal-faulted blocks, or some normal-faulted blocks subsiding while others remain elevated.<\/p>\n<h2>13.5 Measuring Geological Structures<\/h2>\n<p>The strike and dip of planar surfaces, such as a bedding planes, fractures or faults are measured to help understand the geological history of a region.\u00a0 Special symbols are used to show the orientation of structural features on geological maps.<\/p>\n<h1>Key Term Check<\/h1>\n<p>What key term from Chapter 13 is each card describing? Turn the card to check your answer.<\/p>\n<div id=\"h5p-158\">\n<div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><iframe id=\"h5p-iframe-158\" class=\"h5p-iframe\" data-content-id=\"158\" style=\"height:1px\" src=\"about:blank\" frameBorder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"Chapter 13 key terms about geological structures\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":123,"menu_order":8,"template":"","meta":{"pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[47],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-564","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry","chapter-type-standard"],"part":518,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/physicalgeologyh5p\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/564","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/physicalgeologyh5p\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/physicalgeologyh5p\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/physicalgeologyh5p\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/123"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/physicalgeologyh5p\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/564\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1395,"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/physicalgeologyh5p\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/564\/revisions\/1395"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/physicalgeologyh5p\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/518"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/physicalgeologyh5p\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/564\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/physicalgeologyh5p\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=564"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/physicalgeologyh5p\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=564"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/physicalgeologyh5p\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=564"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/physicalgeologyh5p\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=564"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}