{"id":71,"date":"2019-12-17T21:12:37","date_gmt":"2019-12-18T02:12:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/plantidentification\/chapter\/plant-use-categories\/"},"modified":"2020-09-18T12:17:52","modified_gmt":"2020-09-18T16:17:52","slug":"plant-use-categories","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/plantidentification\/chapter\/plant-use-categories\/","title":{"raw":"Plant Use Categories","rendered":"Plant Use Categories"},"content":{"raw":"<div class=\"textbox textbox--learning-objectives\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Learning Objectives<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Describe horticultural plant use categories.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\">Horticulture production provides plant resources for a wide range of functional, cultural, and aesthetic garden purposes. Ornamental plants are used for environmental enhancement, food production, and re-vegetation of damaged ecosystems, as well as for their visual and sensory appeal in landscapes and gardens.\u00a0An overview of the ornmental horticulture sector in Canada is available at this link to the <a href=\"https:\/\/coha-acho.ca\/our-sector\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><em>Canadian Ornamental Horticulture Alliance<\/em> [New Tab]<\/a>[footnote]https:\/\/coha-acho.ca\/our-sector\/[\/footnote]. Some common categories of plant use include bedding plants and cut flowers, trees and shrubs, and ground covers and climbers.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h2>Bedding Plants and Cut Flowers<\/h2>\r\nBedding plants, such as <em>Lobelia erinus<\/em> (lobelia) and <em>Petunia<\/em> \u00d7\u00a0<em>hybrida<\/em> (petunia) are grown in greenhouses and nurseries for seasonal interest in gardens and landscapes.\u00a0 They are typically tender and half-hardy annuals, biennials, and some perennials that grow quickly and provide a vibrant display of color in beds, containers, and hanging baskets. Cut flowers produced by the floral industry include both herbaceous and woody flowering plants and cut greens for specialty services.\r\n<h2>Trees and Shrubs<\/h2>\r\nTrees such as <em>Acer rubrum<\/em> (red maple) and <em>Quercus rubra<\/em> (red oak) grow from single stems while some like <em>Acer circinatum <\/em>(vine maple) have two or three main stems. This distinguishes trees from shrubs with several or many stems branching from or near soil level. Whether deciduous or evergreen, trees are generally larger than shrubs however, their shape and height can vary from dwarf cultivars 1 meter high, to grafted standards on 2 meter rootstocks and specimens of 90 meters or more. Tree selection must account for mature height and spread to ensure adequate space in the landscape. Trees with year-round interest in form, foliage, flower, fruit, and bark are commonly grown in open sites as specimen plants.\u00a0 They may serve as a focal point for an entrance or as a special accent in the garden. On large sites, trees are often planted in groups to form woodlands or hedging. Strategic planting of trees in urban environments can channel air movement, shade and cool microclimates, and provide barriers for noise and security, as well as frame or screen views.\r\n\r\nShrubs such as <em>Cornus alba<\/em> 'Elegantissima' (silverleaf dogwood) and <em>Hibiscus syriacus<\/em> (hardy hibiscus) are valued for their ornamental features and varied growth forms. Shrub sizes range from 0.15 meter to about 6 meters. Deciduous and broadleaf evergreens, variegated foliage, fragrant and showy flowers and fruits, as well as decorative stems and buds provide year round interest and variety in mixed borders and container planting. Shrubs are commonly massed for effect, planted in small groups in mixed plantings, or used as screens and hedging. The wide selection of shrubs produced by nurseries provides for most garden conditions.\r\n<h2>Groundcovers<\/h2>\r\nGroundcover plants such as <em>Ajuga reptans<\/em> (bugleweed) are adapted with creeping and carpeting habits and are often used under woodland and shrub plantings, and for covering and stabilizing some slopes.\u00a0 Plant runners (stolons) that root where they touch the ground and spreading underground stems (rhizomes) that send up new shoots and form colonies stabilize and cover bare soil reducing erosion, evaporation, and weed growth.\r\n<h2>Climbers<\/h2>\r\nClimbing plants, whether woody or herbaceous, deciduous or evergreen provide strong vertical elements and year round garden interest. Where space is limited, climbers such as <em>Hydrangea anomala<\/em> ssp. <em>petiolaris <\/em>(climbing hydrangea) may be the best option for screening and climate control. It is important to match the vigor, method of attachment, height, and spread of a climber with an appropriately sturdy support and adequate light exposure for flowering and fruiting.","rendered":"<div class=\"textbox textbox--learning-objectives\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Learning Objectives<\/p>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<ul>\n<li>Describe horticultural plant use categories.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"import-Normal\">Horticulture production provides plant resources for a wide range of functional, cultural, and aesthetic garden purposes. Ornamental plants are used for environmental enhancement, food production, and re-vegetation of damaged ecosystems, as well as for their visual and sensory appeal in landscapes and gardens.\u00a0An overview of the ornmental horticulture sector in Canada is available at this link to the <a href=\"https:\/\/coha-acho.ca\/our-sector\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><em>Canadian Ornamental Horticulture Alliance<\/em> [New Tab]<\/a><a class=\"footnote\" title=\"https:\/\/coha-acho.ca\/our-sector\/\" id=\"return-footnote-71-1\" href=\"#footnote-71-1\" aria-label=\"Footnote 1\"><sup class=\"footnote\">[1]<\/sup><\/a>. Some common categories of plant use include bedding plants and cut flowers, trees and shrubs, and ground covers and climbers.<\/p>\n<h2>Bedding Plants and Cut Flowers<\/h2>\n<p>Bedding plants, such as <em>Lobelia erinus<\/em> (lobelia) and <em>Petunia<\/em> \u00d7\u00a0<em>hybrida<\/em> (petunia) are grown in greenhouses and nurseries for seasonal interest in gardens and landscapes.\u00a0 They are typically tender and half-hardy annuals, biennials, and some perennials that grow quickly and provide a vibrant display of color in beds, containers, and hanging baskets. Cut flowers produced by the floral industry include both herbaceous and woody flowering plants and cut greens for specialty services.<\/p>\n<h2>Trees and Shrubs<\/h2>\n<p>Trees such as <em>Acer rubrum<\/em> (red maple) and <em>Quercus rubra<\/em> (red oak) grow from single stems while some like <em>Acer circinatum <\/em>(vine maple) have two or three main stems. This distinguishes trees from shrubs with several or many stems branching from or near soil level. Whether deciduous or evergreen, trees are generally larger than shrubs however, their shape and height can vary from dwarf cultivars 1 meter high, to grafted standards on 2 meter rootstocks and specimens of 90 meters or more. Tree selection must account for mature height and spread to ensure adequate space in the landscape. Trees with year-round interest in form, foliage, flower, fruit, and bark are commonly grown in open sites as specimen plants.\u00a0 They may serve as a focal point for an entrance or as a special accent in the garden. On large sites, trees are often planted in groups to form woodlands or hedging. Strategic planting of trees in urban environments can channel air movement, shade and cool microclimates, and provide barriers for noise and security, as well as frame or screen views.<\/p>\n<p>Shrubs such as <em>Cornus alba<\/em> &#8216;Elegantissima&#8217; (silverleaf dogwood) and <em>Hibiscus syriacus<\/em> (hardy hibiscus) are valued for their ornamental features and varied growth forms. Shrub sizes range from 0.15 meter to about 6 meters. Deciduous and broadleaf evergreens, variegated foliage, fragrant and showy flowers and fruits, as well as decorative stems and buds provide year round interest and variety in mixed borders and container planting. Shrubs are commonly massed for effect, planted in small groups in mixed plantings, or used as screens and hedging. The wide selection of shrubs produced by nurseries provides for most garden conditions.<\/p>\n<h2>Groundcovers<\/h2>\n<p>Groundcover plants such as <em>Ajuga reptans<\/em> (bugleweed) are adapted with creeping and carpeting habits and are often used under woodland and shrub plantings, and for covering and stabilizing some slopes.\u00a0 Plant runners (stolons) that root where they touch the ground and spreading underground stems (rhizomes) that send up new shoots and form colonies stabilize and cover bare soil reducing erosion, evaporation, and weed growth.<\/p>\n<h2>Climbers<\/h2>\n<p>Climbing plants, whether woody or herbaceous, deciduous or evergreen provide strong vertical elements and year round garden interest. Where space is limited, climbers such as <em>Hydrangea anomala<\/em> ssp. <em>petiolaris <\/em>(climbing hydrangea) may be the best option for screening and climate control. It is important to match the vigor, method of attachment, height, and spread of a climber with an appropriately sturdy support and adequate light exposure for flowering and fruiting.<\/p>\n<hr class=\"before-footnotes clear\" \/><div class=\"footnotes\"><ol><li id=\"footnote-71-1\">https:\/\/coha-acho.ca\/our-sector\/ <a href=\"#return-footnote-71-1\" class=\"return-footnote\" aria-label=\"Return to footnote 1\">&crarr;<\/a><\/li><\/ol><\/div>","protected":false},"author":90,"menu_order":2,"template":"","meta":{"pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-71","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry"],"part":68,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/plantidentification\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/71","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/plantidentification\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/plantidentification\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/plantidentification\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/90"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/plantidentification\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/71\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":359,"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/plantidentification\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/71\/revisions\/359"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/plantidentification\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/68"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/plantidentification\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/71\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/plantidentification\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=71"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/plantidentification\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=71"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/plantidentification\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=71"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/plantidentification\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=71"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}