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• no distressing sight of oxygen cylinders at the bedside
• elimination of irritating noise from movement of cylinders
• protection from contamination during movement of cylinders
• uninterrupted and clean supply at desired location

• instant availability of gas at the terminal unit
• clean, safe and reliable delivery of gases
• continuous flow of gases when and where required
• minimal risk of accidents due to mishandling of cylinders

• easy purchase of gases in bulk quantities
• more cost effective than purchasing and storing cylinders
• fewer breakages
• minimal damage to building due to handling of cylinders

Responsibilities

Owner

Installer

Third-party inspectors

Types of medical gases

• oxygen
• nitrous oxide
• nitrogen
• medical air

• medical vacuum
• anaesthetic gas scavenging systems

• carbon dioxide
• helium
• ethylene oxide

• Oxygen (O₂) is for patients requiring supplemental oxygen via a mask. This is accomplished by a large storage system of cryogenic liquid oxygen at the hospital, which is evaporated into a concentrated oxygen supply. Distribution pressures are usually around 380 kPa (55 psi). In small medical centres with a low patient capacity, oxygen is supplied by multiple standard cylinders or by mobile single cylinders.
• Nitrous oxide (N₂O) is supplied to various surgical suites for anaesthetic functions during pre-operative procedures. Delivered to the hospital in standard tanks and supplied through the medical gas system. System pressures are around 380 kPa (55 psi).
• Nitrogen (N₂) is typically used to power surgical tools such as bone saws and drills during various procedures. Pressures range around 1.2 MPa (175 psi) to the various locations within the facility and may be stored cryogenically. Nitrogen and instrument air are also referred to as medical support gases.
• Medical air (MedAir) is supplied by a special air compressor to patient-care areas using clean outside air. Pressures are maintained at around 380 kPa (55 psi). Medical air is only used for the application of human respiration and calibration of medical devices. Medial air is not to be used for nonpatient functions or to power pneumatic tools.
• Medical vacuum or suction (MedVac) is used, or piped, to virtually every patient location in a healthcare facility. The main application for suction is to assist in removing fluids or material from the patient. The fluid or material is collected at the “point of use” in vacuum vessel which prevents any substances from entering the pipeline. The system vacuum is usually supplied by various vacuum pump systems exhausting to the atmosphere. Continuous vacuum is maintained around 75 kPa (22 inches of mercury).
• Anaesthetic gas scavenging system (AGSS) is used to remove anaesthetic gas after it is exhaled from the patient. In operating rooms, it prevents the anaesthetic from leaking away from the patient or anaesthesia system and flooding the operating room.
• Carbon dioxide (CO₂) is typically used to inflate or suspend tissues during surgery, and also used in laser surgeries. System pressures are maintained at about 380 kPa (55 psi).
• Helium (He) is used in MRI scanners that use magnetic fields and radio waves to form images of the body. Liquid helium (cryogenic) is used to cool down the superconductive magnet coils in MRI scanners to a temperature below –263°C (10 Kelvin).
• Ethylene oxide (CH₂CH₂O) is a highly flammable gas used to sterilize surgical instruments and other supplies.

Sources of medical gas

• Bulk storage
• Cylinder manifolds
• Oxygen concentrators
• Compressors

Bulk sources of supply

• storage tanks
• vaporizers
• control/monitoring panels
• pressure relief valves
• pressure regulating valves

Bulk reserve systems

Cylinder supply

• Storage vessel. Medical gas suppliers provide steel or aluminum cylinders in different sizes to suit the end users’ needs. These sizes are typically designated by a letter or number that identifies dimensions and storage volume.
• Cylinder valve. The valve outlet on each cylinder incorporates a thread pattern designed especially for use with a specific gas. The Compressed Gas Association (CGA) uses a number system to assign specific thread configurations for each specific gas valve profile. This assures the industry that all medical gases used in Canada will have exactly the same threaded connection for that specific gas. This requirement eliminates the potential for cross- connection when attaching equipment to a cylinder valve. The CGA thread patterns must match or the connection cannot be made. Figure 4 lists medical gases and their designated CGA connection numbers.

• Allow cylinders to be stored under cover, preferably enclosed and not subjected to extremes of temperature.
• Have racks, chains, or other fastenings to secure all cylinders from falling, whether connected, unconnected, full, or empty.
• Be kept dry, clean and well ventilated (both top and bottom).
• Have good access for delivery vehicles and reasonably level floor areas.
• Be large enough to allow for segregation of full and empty cylinders and permit separation of different medical gases.
• Be totally separate from any non-medical cylinder storage areas.
• Be situated away from storage areas containing highly flammable liquids and other combustible materials and any sources of heat or ignition.
• Have warning notices posted prohibiting smoking within the vicinity of the storage room.
• Be secure enough to prevent theft and misuse.

Oxygen concentrators

Medical air compressors

• compressors
• control systems and panel
• receiver
• purification

Compressor types

A compressor-based supply system for medical air shall consist of at least three sources of supply, at least one of which shall be a compressor source of supply and at least one of which shall be a cylinder source that acts as a reserve source. The supply system shall be such that the system design flow can be supplied with any two sources of supply out of service.

Control systems and panels

Receivers

Purification

• The 1st stage is a prime efficiency coalescing pre-filter rated for 0.01 microns, with filtered differential pressure gauge (element change indicator) and an electric solenoid auto drain valve controlled by the main control system. The pre-filter is the first line of defense against water contaminants and removes water aerosols before the gas enters the dryer. Liquids collected by the assembly’s filter cartridge(s) fall to the housing sump and are drained by a float drain.
• The 2nd stage is the heatless desiccant dryer towers. Each bank has two towers filled with desiccant that adsorbs moisture from the compressed airstream down to a dewpoint of -400C. One desiccant tower is always on-line in a drying cycle throughout normal dryer operation. The off-line tower is in a regeneration cycle for removal of the previously adsorbed moisture content.
• The 3rd stage are the after filters. The after-filter removes particulate matter such as desiccant fines that are carried over. To further remove any contaminants, the air passes through an optional activated carbon filter and an optional medical grade sterile filter.

Dew point and CO sensors

1. The higher the concentration of water vapour, the more likely condensation will occur within the system. This could either interfere with sensitive instruments and apparatuses or cause corrosion within the system.
2. High levels of water vapour, coupled with the warm conditions in hospitals, encourage the growth of bacteria, which could be harmful when inhaled by the patient.

Summary medical air supply system design:

• The intake air location must never be contaminated by placing the medical compressed air systems in a poorly ventilated area
• The medical air must be available at all times, including in the event of a single fault failure.
• The air must be dry enough to ensure no liquid water can develop under any normal operating conditions
• Any contamination that the system can produce within itself under any operating conditions (e.g. particulates) must be removed (e.g. by filtration) before it reaches the patient.

Vacuum (Suction) systems

• pumps/compressors
• filters
• receivers
• controls

Vacuum pumps/compressors

Vacuum receiver

Vacuum Filtration

Vacuum system controls

• incoming power disconnects
• indicating lights for operation or alarm functions
• a pressure display
• individual control switches for each of the pumps in the system

Supply system pressure controls and safeties

Pressure regulators

• an inlet isolation valve;
• a line pressure regulator;
• a pressure indicator downstream of the line pressure regulator;
• a bleed valve downstream of the line pressure regulator;
• a pressure relief device installed downstream of the pressure regulator, with no valve intervening; and
• an outlet isolation valve.

Pressure relief valve

Medical gas cylinder manifolds

• cylinder pigtails
• high-pressure header bar
• high pressure cylinder bank regulators(with gauges)
• pressure relief valve

• changeover mechanism
• parallel line pressure regulators
• line pressure gauges/display
• method to identify that changeover has occurred

Medical Gas pipeline distribution system

Shut-off valves

Medical gas terminal units

• Rough-in assembly:
  • the body that includes the secondary, spring loaded check and latch valve seals, which permits removal of the latch valve assembly for service without requiring the pipeline to shut down.
  • A colour code labeled ½” [12.7 mm] OD copper tube is silver brazed into the body for external pipeline connection.
• Indexed latch valve assembly:
  • the gas specific outlet connector with O-ring seal and internal primary check valve.
  • the color-coded block, complete with body indexing pin
  • gas specific faceplate

Flowmeters

Alarms and sensors

• master alarm systems
• area alarm systems

Master alarm systems

Area alarm systems

Pressure switches

Self-Test 1

Media Attributions

• Figure 1. "Overview of a cryogenic bulk supply system" - The source for this image is unknown. It is being used for non-commercial, educational purposes. To receive credit for this image, please reach out to the publisher.
• Figure 2. "Bulk oxygen storage system" by Engineer09 is licensed under a CC BY-SA 3.0 licence.
• Figure 3. "Liquid oxygen cylinders connected to automatic changeover manifold" - The source for this image is unknown. It is being used for non-commercial, educational purposes. To receive credit for this image, please reach out to the publisher.
• Figure 5. "Deployable Oxygen Concentration" from Kapp is used for educational purposes under the basis of fair dealing.
• Figure 6. "Oxygen concentrator central supply source with three sources" - The source for this image is unknown. It is being used for non-commercial, educational purposes. To receive credit for this image, please reach out to the publisher.
• Figure 7. Types of medical air compressors.
  • "Oil-free reciprocating" from BeaconMedaes is used for educational purposes under the basis of fair dealing.
  • "Oil-less reciprocating" from BeaconMedaes is used for educational purposes under the basis of fair dealing.
  • "Rotary scroll" by Camosun College is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 licence.
  • "Dry claw" from PowerXSales is used for educational purposes under the basis of fair dealing.
  • "Oil-free screw" by Camosun College is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 licence.
  • "Liquid ring" from The Compressed Air Blog is used for educational purposes under the basis of fair dealing.
• Figure 8. "Medical air dryer package" from Sherman Engineering is used for educational purposes under the basis of fair dealing.
• Figure 9. "Medical air package unit" from BeaconMedaes is used for educational purposes under the basis of fair dealing.
• Figure 10. "Vacuum system components" - The source for this image is unknown. It is being used for non-commercial, educational purposes. To receive credit for this image, please reach out to the publisher.
• Figure 11. "Packaged medical vacuum pump and receiver system" from BeaconMedaes is used for educational purposes under the basis of fair dealing.
• Figure 13. "Parallel line pressure regulators" - The source for this image is unknown. It is being used for non-commercial, educational purposes. To receive credit for this image, please reach out to the publisher.
• Figure 14. "Dome loaded regulator" from Medical Testing Solutions is used for educational purposes under the basis of fair dealing.
• Figure 15. "Pressure relief valve monitoring a line pressure regulator" - The source for this image is unknown. It is being used for non-commercial, educational purposes. To receive credit for this image, please reach out to the publisher.
• Figure 16. "Pressure relief valve monitoring a line pressure regulator" from BeaconMedaes is used for educational purposes under the basis of fair dealing.
• Figure 17. "Three-piece ball valve (single port)" from NIBCO INC. is used for educational purposes under the basis of fair dealing.
• Figure 18. "Zone valve box" from Air Liquide Healthcare Canada is used for educational purposes under the basis of fair dealing.
• Figure 19. "Nitrous Oxide terminal unit" from Broward A&C Medical Gas Specialists is used for educational purposes under the basis of fair dealing.
• Figure 20. "Rough-in body with check valve disassembled (left), bayonet styled (PISS) latch valve and trim plate installed (right)" from MetalRedes is used for educational purposes under the basis of fair dealing.
• Figure 21. "Oxygen flowmeter" from BeaconMedaes is used for educational purposes under the basis of fair dealing.
• Figure 22. "Master alarm panel" from BeaconMedaes is used for educational purposes under the basis of fair dealing.
• Figure 23. "Area alarm panel" from Medical Testing Solutions is used for educational purposes under the basis of fair dealing.
• Figure 24. Pressure sensors.
  • "Pressure Transducer (left)" from Amico Corporation is used for educational purposes under the basis of fair dealing.
  • "Pressure Switch with gauge (right)" from Medical Testing Solutions is used for educational purposes under the basis of fair dealing.
• Figure 25. "Zone valve transducers wired to area alarm" from Pattons Medical is used for educational purposes under the basis of fair dealing.

Image Descriptions

• Oxygen Tanks: An oxygen tank is connected via piping to each side of the Changeover Control Box. Additional oxygen tanks are also available.
• Changeover Control Box: This control unit monitors the system and indicates when a changeover from the primary to the secondary oxygen bank has occurred. It typically features status lights to signal the switch, and many units also include an audible alarm to alert operators. Some changeover boxes may also have a manual reset function.
• Distribution Piping: The system includes supply piping for the oxygen and vent piping for safely venting gas from the pressure relief devices to the atmosphere. All distribution piping is required to be ASTM B819 approved.
• Operating and Safety Controls:
  • High and Low Pressure Relief Valves (PRVs): These valves protect the system by maintaining safe pressure levels within the oxygen supply.
  • High/Low Line Transducer: This device continuously monitors and adjusts the system the desired pressure.
• Standards and Safety Codes:
  • DISS (Diameter Index Safety System): This system ensures that only compatible medical gas equipment is connected, preventing the risk of improper connections.
  • CGA (Compressed Gas Association): The system follows CGA standards to ensure safety and compliance with industry regulations related to compressed gas use. [Return to Figure 3]

• Sources of Supply:
  • The system is supported by two oxygen concentrator units and one bank of cylinders for continuous supply.
• Isolation and Monitoring:
  • Isolation Valves are strategically placed throughout the system to allow for isolation of supply lines when necessary for maintenance or emergency procedures.
  • Pressure Gauges are installed at key points to monitor and display the pressure levels within the system.
• Safety Features:
  • Vented Pressure Relief Devices are integrated into the system to protect against overpressure conditions. These devices safely vent excess oxygen to the outdoors, preventing potential system failure or hazardous conditions.

• Filters are strategically located upstream of each pump’s inlet, establishing that only clean, filtered air enters the pumps, preventing contamination and maintaining desired system performance.
• The vacuum receiver serves as a storage unit, temporarily holding air extracted from the facility until a vacuum demand arises, helping to stabilize the system’s pressure during intermittent usage.
• Essential control components include:
  • Isolation valves, which enable safe and efficient maintenance.
  • Flexible connectors, which protect the piping from stresses caused by movement or vibrations.
  • Drain valves, which allow for easy removal of any accumulated condensate or debris. [Return to Figure 10]

Route piping

• Piping should be configured to make the route as short as practically possible with a minimum number of fittings and turns (in particular medical vacuum).
  • The more fittings and bends that are present in the pipeline, the greater the head loss for the medical gas. This means that the pressure drop in the line will be greater, ultimately affecting the end flow or suction the patient will be receiving.
• Wherever possible, route piping down hallways instead of through walls. If a wall only serves as a partition and does not reach the deck above, the piping can be run over the walls. Running lines through firewalls is not advised, as that will reduce the fire-stopping capability of that wall.
• For vacuum piping, avoid creating low spots or “U” traps in the route. The ideal vacuum layout would be sloped towards the pump inlet, to allow for any liquid to run off before reaching the pump. Of course, this is just an idealization and very difficult to implement practically. However, fluid drainage is definitely a consideration to keep in mind while creating pipe routes.
• It is standard practice for zone valves to run from the source into the left side and to the outlets/inlets from the right side. There are few circumstances where this orientation can be reversed and problems later on will not occur.
• Zone valves are to never be connected in series, so that shutting down one zone valve will force the shutdown of another. Each zone valve must separately run to a service valve. However, multiple zone valves may be feed from a single service valve.

• All shut-off valves shall be accessible for servicing.
• There shall be an isolation shut-off valve between each supply system and the distribution system, located as close as possible to the supply.
• These valves shall be accessible to facility personnel.
• When the supply source is located outside the facility in an enclosure, a service isolation valve is required within the enclosure. This valve must be secured in the open position.
• Each riser connected to the distribution main and each branch connected to the riser shall have a service isolation valve installed. These valves shall be accessible to authorized persons only.
• There shall be at least one service isolation valve between the pipeline distribution system and any zone valve. The first service isolation valve upstream of the zone valve must be on the same floor as the zone valve.
• All service isolation valves shall be accessible to authorized personnel only.
• A zone valve shall be installed to control all of the terminal units in a specified zone.
• There shall be a zone valve between any terminal unit or group of terminal units and the upstream service isolation valve that controls them.
• A zone valve shall be on the same floor as the terminal unit(s) it controls.
• Zone valves shall not be installed in series.
• Zone valves shall be placed in locations where they can be seen and accessed
• Zone valves shall not be located in closets or locked rooms.
• Zone valves shall be installed immediately outside each anaesthetizing location.
• Zone valves shall not be installed closer than 2 m (6.5 ft.) to any fixed terminal unit.
• Zone valves shall be enclosed in zone valve boxes.
• Zone valve boxes shall be accessible at all times.

Areas not permitted

• Kitchens or elevator shafts.
• A tunnel where contact with oil could occur.
• Exposed areas subject to damage unless protected.
• A service trench or tunnel, unless it is well ventilated.
• Underground, unless protected adequately against frost, corrosion and physical damage. Copper tubes may experience severe corrosion if buried in direct contact with certain aggressive environments.
• For buried pipe, a continuous warning system, such as warning tape, should be placed at one-half the depth of the burial.

Pipe sizing

• Pipelines and fittings, including line pressure regulators, connecting assemblies, and low-pressure flexible hose assemblies, shall be capable of passing the maximum design flow of the pipeline distribution system at a nominal distribution pressure within the ranges given in Table 2. The pressure change shall remain within the limits given in Table 2. See Annex E for general guidelines for pipe sizes, flows, and pressure drops.
• The health care facility shall determine its medical gas flow requirements in consultation with technical and clinical staff, consulting engineers, and equipment suppliers.

Location of compressor systems

Locations and limitations of cylinder and bulk supplies

• Must be built of materials having a fire rating of at least one hour.
• Must have doors that open outwards and are lockable and accessible by authorized personnel only.
• Must be heated by low-temperature indirect means if required.
• Must provide electrical protection for electrical devices.
• Must be climate controlled so that the ambient temperature does not exceed 40°C (104°F) for any gas and is not be less than 15°C (60°F) for nitrous oxide and carbon dioxide.
• Must be well ventilated, with the vents located near the floor.
• Should have a means of separating empty and filled cylinders and labelling them as such, and have physical supports for the cylinders to avoid the risk of them tipping over.
• Should have good access for delivery vehicles and reasonably level floor areas.

Self-Test 2

Media Attributions

• Figure 27. "Medical gas pipelines and shut-off valves" - The source for this image is unknown. It is being used for non-commercial, educational purposes. To receive credit for this image, please reach out to the publisher.

Image Descriptions

• First Level:
  • Tank Storage (1): External tanks are equipped with individual shut-off valves, allowing for the isolation of each tank.
  • Main Supply Shut-off (2): Located immediately inside the building, this valve isolates the entire supply source(s) from the distribution system.
  • Auxiliary Supply Shut-off (3): Positioned to isolate a backup gas supply, for uninterrupted service in case of primary supply failure.
  • Riser Shut-off Valves (4): Each vertical riser has a dedicated shut-off valve to isolate specific sections of the system.
  • Branch Shut-off (5): Any branch extending from a riser is fitted with a shut-off valve to allow for localized isolation.
  • Redundant Zone Valve Shut-off (6): Installed to isolate a bank of terminal units, providing additional redundancy for enhanced safety.
  • Zone Alarm (7): Positioned upstream of each zone, these alarms monitor the system to alert operators to any issues.
• Second Level:
  • Service Isolation Shut-off (9): Positioned upstream of the zone shut-off, this valve allows for isolation of service lines feeding into the zone.
  • Optional Service Shut-off (8): Installed downstream of multiple terminal units, this valve provides isolation for another group of terminal units, offering flexibility in maintaining the system. [Return to Figure 27]

• CSA-Z396-1 Standard requirements
• medical gas tools and equipment
• principles of medical gas pipeline systems
• brazing and purging theory
• certification requirements
• hospital shutdowns
• practical brazing and purging
• installation tests

1. Certificate of Qualification (C of Q) Plumber or Steamfitter/Pipefitter; and
2. Documented completion of a recognized medical gas training program that includes:
3. 32 hours classroom training, and
4. 4-hour practical/hands-on training (brazing / purging procedures); and
5. Valid provincial brazing test (acceptable to the AHJ in province of residence).

Codes and regulations

Location

• 11.2.1: Pipelines and electrical services shall either be run in separated compartments or, if in the same compartment, separated by at least 50 mm (2 in.) or by conduit.
• 11.2.2: Pipelines in corridors and other exposed locations shall be protected from physical damage (e.g., from the movement of portable equipment, such as trolleys, stretchers, and trucks).
• 11.2.3: Unprotected pipelines shall not be installed in hazardous areas (e.g., in areas where flammable materials are stored). Where installation of pipelines in such a location is unavoidable, the pipeline shall be protected by an enclosure that will prevent the release of medical gas within the room if leaks occur.
• 11.2.4: Pipelines shall not be installed in elevator shafts.
• 11.2.5: Terminal units shall be located or protected so as to avoid physical damage to the terminal unit and attached auxiliary or control equipment. Risk analysis shall be in accordance with CAN/CSA-Z1002
• 11.2.6: Where medical gas pipelines are installed in pipe shafts with other services, they shall be suitably protected against physical damage and excessive temperatures. If pipelines are placed in the same tunnel, trench, or duct with fuel pipelines, steam lines, or other services, they shall be a minimum of 50 mm (2 in) apart. Ducts in which pipelines are installed shall be ventilated.
• 11.2.7: Buried pipelines shall be placed below the frost line in free-draining, non-corrosive backfill. Measures (i.e., permanent signage, physical barriers, or both) shall be taken to protect the pipeline from accidental digging or other damage. A medical gas pipeline shall not be placed in a tunnel, trench, or duct where it can be exposed to oil. Corrugated medical tubing shall be routed in a watertight, non-metallic conduit when installed underground or when encased in concrete.
• 11.2.8: A continuous tape or marker placed at half-depth above the pipeline shall clearly identify the pipeline by name

Pipe types

• Seamless copper tubing that complies with the ASTM B 819 standard. Type K or L hard temper copper tube is used for all locations except underground, where soft temper is preferred in order to reduce the number of inaccessible joints. Type K must be used where operating pressures are above 1275 kPa (185 psi) and the pipe size is larger than NPS 3 inch.
• Listed corrugated medical tubing (CMT) and fitting system fabricated from copper alloy No. 51000 strip meeting ASTM B103/B103M and is certified to UL 1365 (Figure 28). The CMT is externally coated with a non-metallic sheath which has the proper flame and smoke rating. The CMT has a minimum pressure rating of 1100kPa (160 psi) and cannot be used for vacuum piping.

Hangers and supports

Joining methods

• Silver Brazed
• Axially swaged, elastic strain preload fittings
• Threaded

Cleaning and storing methods

Degreasing

Capping

Cutting, fitting and brazing methods

Purging requirements and procedures

Brazing material requirements and characteristics

• Copper-to-copper joints shall be made using a copper-phosphorus brazing filler metal (BCuP series) without flux. The phosphorous within the BCuP brazing rod acts as the flux on all copper connections.
• Dissimilar metals such as copper and brass shall be joined using an appropriate flux with either a copper-phosphorus (BCuP series) or a silver (BAg series) brazing filler metal. Apply flux sparingly to the clean tube only and in a manner to avoid leaving any excess inside of completed joints.

Tools and equipment

Coordination with other trades

• Coordinate with the metal stud partition installer and/or mason to ensure anchors, sleeves and similar items are provided in sufficient time to avoid delays. Ensure that chases and openings are properly sized and prepared.
• Coordinate with the owner to ensure medical gas outlets, whether owner supplied or contractor supplied, in walls, ceilings and all equipment are provided by the same medical gas equipment manufacturer (MGEM) and are satisfactory to the owner.
• Coordinate with the bulk cryogenic gas supplier for installation, connection and verification of bulk gas supply systems.
• Coordinate with the medical gas verifier (or inspector) to deliver a complete, tested medical gas installation ready for the owner’s use.

Pipe and component labelling

• every valve
• each access door
• each terminal unit
• immediately before and after barriers
• inlet and outlet points

• be lettered and coloured in accordance with Table 5 in the CSA Z7396.1 Standard
• have lettering at least 9 mm (3/8") high
• have arrows indicating direction of flow
• be applied with the lettering parallel to the axis of the pipe
• be of sufficient width to overlap itself when applied

Dangers associated with cross-connection

Self-Test 3

Media Attributions

• Figure 28. "Corrugated copper alloy tube and permanent fitting system" from Purely Med Gas is used for educational purposes under the basis of fair dealing.
• Figure 30. "ACR med nitrogen-filled degreased medical gas tubing" from Descair is used for educational purposes under the basis of fair dealing.
• Figure 32. "Medical gas pipe labels" from DuraLabel is used for educational purposes under the basis of fair dealing.

Codes and regulations

• CSA Group
• National Fire Protection Association
• American Society of Plumbing Engineers
• Medical Gas Professional Healthcare Organization

Jurisdictional requirements

Tools and equipment

• copper fittings, cleaned for oxygen service as per the CSA Standard
• pipe thread compound approved for use with oxygen
• brazing rod
• tubing cutters
• deburring tool
• non-shedding abrasive cleaning pads
• oxygen analyzer (can be used by installers as well as verifiers)
• low-pressure nitrogen purge alarm with regulator
• nitrogen flowmeters
• oxygen-safe leak detector solution
• spray bottle (for leak detector)
• pipe labels
• valve tags
• fittings and adapters for outlets/inlets from different manufacturers

Source supply equipment installation

• The condition of the system should be carefully inspected upon delivery. Any indication of damage by the carrier should be noted on the delivery receipt, especially if the system will not be immediately uncrated and installed.
• Modules may remain in their shipping containers until ready to be installed. If any of the modules are to be stored prior to installation, they must be protected from the elements to prevent rust and deterioration.
• DO NOT REMOVE the protective covers from the inlet and discharge connection ports of the modules until they are ready for connecting to the facility's pipeline distribution system
• Keep all packing in place around the dew point sensor and CO sensor during installation to minimize damage.
• For service accessibility it is recommended that there is a minimum of 60 cm (2 ft) clearance around the system and 90 cm (3 ft) of clearance in front of the control panel. As well as a vertical distance of 36” above the unit for ventilation and maintenance.
• Ensure that the site where the system will be installed has a source of electrical power and that power is of the correct electrical specification as per the design of the system.
• The system should be leveled and placed on a concrete pad that is suitable to sustain the weight of the system. If a raised concrete pad is used, the base must not overhang the concrete pad.
• The unit base must be securely bolted using all mounting holes provided in the base.
• The unit may have shipping spacers under the compressor/motor base which will need to be removed after the unit is secured.
• A method to drain away moisture is necessary. If a gravity drain is not available, a connection to a drain is necessary.
• Install in a well-ventilated and clean location with ample drainage
• Vibration during shipment can loosen electrical terminals, fuse inserts and mechanical connections. Tighten as necessary.

Supply equipment piping

• at least 3 m (10 ft) from any door or operable window, and
• 15 m (50 ft) from any exhaust, such as vacuum pump discharge or sanitary vent exhaust, and
• at least 3 m (10 ft) above grade, turned down and screened to prevent contamination, and
• in a location where it will not draw in contamination from exhaust systems (e.g., contamination from furnaces, gasoline or diesel engines, vacuum systems, or scavenging systems)

• at least 10 m (30 ft) from any door or operable window, and
• 15 m (50 ft) from any mechanical air intake, and
• a minimum of 3 m (10 ft) above grade with the end of the exhaust typically turned downward and screened.

Supply Manifolds

• cylinder pigtails
• header bar

• Each cylinder bank, whether it is used as a primary or reserve source, shall be connected to a manifold that is equipped with a manifold pressure regulator, pressure indicator, pressure relief valve and shut-off valve.
• A non-return valve shall be installed at the manifold inlet or the manifold connection fitting of each flexible connector between the cylinder and the manifold.
• The flexible connector from each cylinder to the manifold shall be gas-specific for the intended purpose.

Manifold cabinet

• Bank pressure regulator; The header bar assembly will be connected to a high pressure bank regulator that is responsible for reducing the cylinder pressure down to a predetermined intermediate level. There is a bank regulator provided for each bank of cylinders.
• Line pressure regulator; A single-stage, diaphragm-type regulator is used to reduce the manifold’s intermediate pressure to normal hospital line pressure. Two line regulators are provided, piped in parallel, to allow for isolation and service of one while the other is in use.

Manifold installation

• Cabinet wall mounting
• Connecting master valves and headers bars extensions to manifold cabinet
• Header support installation
• Securing cylinders
• Installing pigtails to the header bar connections and cylinders
• Outlet valve connection (The manifold system is often supplied with a separate source valve that will require installation to the manifold outlet.)
• Relief valve connection
• Power supply connection
• Remote alarm contact connections

Shut-off valves

• All shut-off valves shall be quarter-turn ball valves.
• All shut-off valves shall be accessible for servicing.
• Service isolation valves shall be secured in the open position when a pipeline distribution system is in operation. During an extension, modification or maintenance of a pipeline system, the appropriate service isolation valves may be shut. When they are shut they shall be secured in the closed position.
• All service isolation valves shall be accessible to authorized personnel only.
• All service isolation valves shall be identified with the full gas service name and colour code.
• All service isolation valves shall be identified as to their purpose, area or section that they serve.
• All service isolation valves shall be identified whether the valve is normally open or normally closed and the identification label shall be secured to the valve or pipe and be readily visible.
• Zone valves shall not be installed in series.
• Zone valves shall not be installed closer than 2 m (6.5 ft.) to any fixed terminal unit.
• Zone valves shall be installed at a height where they can be operated by a person standing on the floor.
• Zone valve assemblies shall have a pressure indicator on the terminal unit side of the valve and be marked with a direction-of-flow arrow.
• Zone valves shall be enclosed in zone valve boxes.
• Zone valve boxes shall have covers or doors that can be secured in the closed position but that will allow quick access in case of emergency.
• Zone valve boxes shall be designed to prevent accumulation of gas and be permanently labelled as to the gases they control and the area they serve.
• Zone valve boxes shall be designed so that the shut-off valve handle prevents the closure of the box door or replacement of the cover when the valve is in the off position.
• In zone valve boxes with multiple shut-off valves, the valves shall be arranged in such a way that operation of one valve will not interfere with the proper operation of any other valves installed in the same service box.
• Zone valve boxes must be permanently labelled with a control label identifying the area of control, either on the box or the wall adjacent to the box (Figure 36).

• Allow sufficient space to accommodate the zone valve box. The rough-in of the zone valve box comes with a cardboard shield covering it’s front. The card-board shield will need to be removed to install the box but needs to be repositioned to protect the valves while the walls are being finished.
• Anchor the valve box to the structural frame supports so that it is level and the front edge will be flush with the finished wall. Box mounting height is suggested at 1.7 m (5.5 ft) from floor to top of finished box. Location should allow a clear view of gas readouts and access to valves during an emergency situation.
• Set valves into the valve box and slide plastic grommets as close to the center of the Zone Valve Box before brazing to avoid heat damage. Move grommets back to original location after piping has cooled. The Shutoff Valve handles should be installed to point downstream for pressurized gases.
• Wrap wet rags around the tube extensions next to the valves to prevent overheating and possible damage to the valve seals. Connect copper tubing to the valve extensions (outside the valve box) using brazing methods and materials in accordance with CSA Z7396.1. Once valve extensions are cool, remove rags.
• Alarm style zone valve will require completion of the wiring rough-in before the wall finishing.
• Install the correct gas identification label to the label holders in box. Mark location serviced by each valve in the space below the gas label.
• Test each system per CSA standard. After pressure test is finished replace cardboard shield until wall is finished to keep dust and debris out of box. Do not install gauges and sensors before the leak test as excessive pressure can damage them.
• After wall is finished remove cardboard shield (keep screws). Install Gauges and alarm sensors using Teflon tape or oxygen compatible pipe sealant.
• Pull ring to remove window from frame. Secure aluminum frame to box using screws from cardboard shield. Replace window into frame. Clean Window with soap and water, do not use strong solvents that will damage the window.

Alarms

• Visual indicators that remain in alarm mode until the situation that has caused the alarm is resolved.
• A cancellable audible indication of each alarm condition that produces a sound with a minimum level of 70 dBA at 2 m (6.5 ft.).
• Re-initiation of the audible signal if another alarm condition occurs while the audible alarm is silenced.
• Labelling of each alarm panel stating its area of surveillance.
• Separate visual indicators for each condition being monitored.
• Labelling of each indicator indicating the condition monitored.
• Power for the master and area alarms is drawn from the life-safety branch of the emergency electrical system.

Location of alarm points

• Oxygen liquid supply:
  • oxygen primary liquid level low
  • oxygen secondary liquid supply in use
  • oxygen secondary liquid low head pressure
  • oxygen secondary liquid level low
  • oxygen emergency reserve cylinders in use
  • oxygen emergency reserve cylinders low
  • oxygen line pressure low
  • oxygen line pressure high
• Oxygen cylinder supply:
  • oxygen reserve cylinders in use
  • oxygen line pressure low
  • oxygen line pressure high
• Nitrogen cylinder supply:
  • nitrogen reserve cylinders in use
  • nitrogen line pressure low
  • nitrogen line pressure high
• Nitrous oxide cylinder supply:
  • nitrous oxide reserve cylinders in use
  • nitrous oxide line pressure low
  • nitrous oxide line pressure high
• Medical air compressor:
  • medical air lag compressor in use
  • medical air high water level in receiver
  • medical air receiver flooded
  • medical air compressor low water shutdown
  • medical air reserve cylinders in use
  • medical air reserve cylinders low
  • medical air high dew point
  • medical air line pressure low
  • medical air line pressure high
• Medical air dryer (desiccant):
  • desiccant dryer switching failure
  • desiccant dryer low outlet pressure
• Medical air dryer (refrigerated):
  • refrigerated dryer high temperature
  • refrigerated dryer power failure
• Medical vacuum system:
  • vacuum pumps low oil shutdown
  • vacuum pumps high temperature shutdown
  • vacuum pumps maintenance required
  • vacuum lag pump in use
  • vacuum low

Alarm sensor installation

1. Do not install gauges and sensors assembly before the leak test. Excessive pressure can damage the gauge and sensor.
2. Remove sensor modules from shipping carton and locate the gas specific sensor module to be installed.
3. Wrap threaded end of 90° elbow with teflon tape and insert into port. Tighten 90° elbow until opening faces away from valve for handle clearance.
4. Verify the gas label on the valve piping is the same as the gas identification found on the DISS check valve.
5. Install Check Valve into 90° elbow.
6. Connect sensor with DISS fitting to the appropriate DISS check. Verify Gas ID labels match between the sensor and piping to ensure no cross connections occur.

Terminal units

Styles of connections

Terminal unit installation

• Provide rigid mounting for rough-in assemblies (Figure 40) appropriate for wall construction. Rough-in assemblies must be mounted to a structural member (3). It is suggested that rough-in assemblies be installed with the outlet centerline approximately 1.5 m (5 ft) above the finished floor or as specified by the building plans. Position the front edge of the rough-in assembly (1) at the depth that will be flush with the finished wall surface.
• Connect the extension tube (pigtail) (2) to the piping system, making certain that piping is for the same service as labeled on the extension tube and mounting plate. The extension tube can be rotated a full 360 degrees for ease of connection to the facility gas piping. When brazing the pipe connection take extreme care not to apply heat to the check unit body.
• Ensure that the clear plastic dust cover over the rough-in assembly is securely in place until the latch-valve assembly can be installed, to protect the outlet from drywall compound or other contaminants.
• Perform standing pressure and cross connection tests per applicable standards. Inspect all joints for leaks.

• Select the service indexed and labeled latch valve assembly to match the correspondingly indexed and labeled concealed outlet rough-in assembly already installed.
• When installing the latch-valve assembly, remove the protective dust cover from the rough-in assembly and inspect for dirt or debris in the outlet body. Carefully clean out any contaminants.
• Align the indexing pin on the latch-valve assembly with the indexing hole in the rough-in assembly (Figure 41). The latch-valve mechanism should slide smoothly into the rough-in assembly. If it does not, inspect to verify that there has been no damage to the indexing pins. If the indexing pins are bent or damaged the gas specific characteristics of the outlet may be compromised. In this instance the entire latch-valve assembly should be replaced.
• The cover plate should be flush against the finished wall. The latch-valve assembly is secured with plated steel screws, alternately tighten the mounting screws until the cover plate is held snug against the finished wall. Do not overtighten the mounting screws, doing so may distort the valve assembly.

Pressure testing

• A standing pressure test confirms for the installer’s own purposes that the work is of the required quality.
• A documented final leak test provides a record that the installation of the system meets the requirements of the CSA Standard.

• 0–100 psi (0–700 kPa) gauge (calibrated)
• 0–300 psi (0–2100 kPa) gauge (calibrated)
• 0–30" Hg vacuum gauge (calibrated)
• a source of oil-free dry air or oil-free dry nitrogen
• gas-specific connection hoses

Self-Test 4

Media Attributions

• Figure 33. "Medical gas pigtail and header bar configuration" - The source for this image is unknown. It is being used for non-commercial, educational purposes. To receive credit for this image, please reach out to the publisher.
• Figure 34. "Inside of Medical gas manifold assembly cabinet" - The source for this image is unknown. It is being used for non-commercial, educational purposes. To receive credit for this image, please reach out to the publisher.
• Figure 35. "Medical gas manifold piping diagram" - The source for this image is unknown. It is being used for non-commercial, educational purposes. To receive credit for this image, please reach out to the publisher.
• Figure 36. "Labels for zone valve control box" from Winona Heating & Ventilating is used for educational purposes under the basis of fair dealing.
• Figure 37. "Sensor installation" from BeaconMedaes is used for educational purposes under the basis of fair dealing.
• Figure 38. "Medical gas terminal units Quick-Connect type (left) and DISS type (right)" - The source for this image is unknown. It is being used for non-commercial, educational purposes. To receive credit for this image, please reach out to the publisher.
• Figure 39. "Example of a rough-in assembly pin index system" - The source for this image is unknown. It is being used for non-commercial, educational purposes. To receive credit for this image, please reach out to the publisher.
• Figure 40. "Terminal unit wall mounted rough-in assembly" is adapted from Amico is used for educational purposes under the basis of fair dealing.
• Figure 41. "Latch-valve assembly installation" - The source for this image is unknown. It is being used for non-commercial, educational purposes. To receive credit for this image, please reach out to the publisher.

Image Descriptions

• Service valve and ¾" source shut-off valve for controlling gas input.
• Dome regulator and line regulators that help manage gas pressure.
• Isolation valves for shutting off different sections of the system.
• Check valves to prevent backflow.
• Intermediate relief valve and line relief valve for pressure relief.
• Pressure switches for monitoring system conditions.
• Master valves at the bottom for primary control.
• Left bank and right bank regulators, for dual gas supply banks. [Return to Figure 34]

• testing and certification of newly installed or renovated medical gas systems
• annual maintenance assessment and gas purity testing

Verification of installer qualification

• Evidence of qualification meeting the requirements of the CSA Medical Gas Piping & Systems Installation Personnel Certification Program or equivalent
• A valid brazing license issued by an authority having jurisdiction
• A current copy of relevant standards

Installer testing

• a 24-hr. standing pressure test,
• a final leak test,
• purge the terminal units,
• a particulate filter test, and
• cross-connection tests

1. Terminal unit
2. Manufacturer’s gas-specific connector
3. 0–690 kPa (0–100 psi) oxygen cleaned pressure gauge with a resolution of at least ± 7 kPa (± 1 psi) for compressed gases or 0–101 kPa (0–30 in Hg) with a resolution of ± 3.4 kPa (1 in Hg) for vacuum and AGSSs
4. ¼” NPT tee
5. ¼” NPS non-restrictive shut-off valve
6. ¼” NPT cap centre drilled to create a clean 1.98 mm (5/64 in) orifice

Leak (pressure) testing

1. The standing pressure test to confirm the work is of the required quality
2. The final leak test to provide a record that the installation of the system meets code requirements

• All joints are subject to a 24-hour standing pressure test.
• The test gas shall be oil-free dry air or oil-free nitrogen and all piping shall be pressurized to 1030 kPa (150 psi) or 1 ½ times the operating pressure, whichever is greater.
• Vacuum lines are tested to a maximum of 415 kPa (60 psi).
• The only allowable change in pressure during the 24-hour test is due to ambient temperature changes in the areas around the piping tested.

Purge terminal units

Particulate filter test

Cross-connection testing

• Involves the pressurization of a particular medical gas piping system with oil-free air or oil-free nitrogen to 345 kPa (50 psi). All other pipelines shall be reduced to atmospheric pressure.
• A gauge is then attached to each terminal unit to ensure that only the proper outlets for the medical gas system being tested is pressurized. Disconnect the test gas from the system that was just tested and reduce the pressure in the system to atmospheric.
• This test must be carried out for each medical piping system and all terminal units are checked each time to ensure no pressure is registered at any terminals that are not part of the gas service being tested.
• Each terminal unit shall be inspected to ensure that it is properly identified by name and colour.

• Involves the pressurization of all medical gas piping systems at different pressures with oil-free air or oil-free nitrogen. The pressure in one system shall be raised to at least 140 kPa (20 psi) and the pressure in the other pipelines shall be adjusted to a level that has a clearly recognizable pressure difference of no less than 70 kPa (10 psi) between each gas.
• If medical vacuum or AGSS are to be tested, they shall be set to a level of 0 kPa (0 psi). If both are used, they shall be set at a level of 0 kPa (0 psi) and 70 kPa (10 psi) respectively.
• After the different system pressures have been set every terminal unit must be measured using a pressure gauge attached to the specific adapter for that terminal unit. The pressures must be monitored to ensure the differentials are maintained.
• Each terminal unit shall be inspected to ensure that it is properly identified by name and colour.

Commissioning and Certification

1. every terminal unit in an occupied area under test is labelled to indicate that the system is under test and that it shall not be used
2. all safety interlocks are functional (e.g. terminal unit disconnects)
3. the system as installed is as designed and
4. the pipeline installation test report has been submitted.

Supply system inspection/testing

Supply manifolds

1. Remove the manifold control panel cover.
2. Verify the following:
   • Both master valves located on both header bars are turned fully counter clockwise (open)
   • All four line regulator isolation valves are open
   • Power supply has been connected
   • Both red “Empty” indicators on the front of the manifold are illuminated
   • If connected to a master alarm panel, “Secondary Supply” alarm is activated
   • ¾” source shut-off valve is closed and locked out
3. Slowly open one cylinder on the right side of the manifold.
4. Verify the following:
   • Right bank red “Empty” LED goes out
   • Right bank green “In Use” LED illuminates
   • Right bank cylinder contents gauge reads cylinder pressure
5. Slowly open one cylinder on the left side of the manifold.
6. Verify the following:
   • Left bank red “Empty” LED goes out
   • Left bank yellow “Ready” LED illuminates
   • Left bank cylinder contents gauge reads cylinder pressure
   • If connected to a master alarm panel, “Secondary Supply” alarm is not activated
7. Close right bank cylinder. Slightly open vent/bleed valve. Verify the following:
   • Right bank cylinder contents gauge drops slowly
   • As the right cylinder contents gauge is nearly depleted, the manifold changes over to the left bank
   • After changeover, the right bank green “In Use” LED goes out and the red “Empty” LED illuminates
   • After changeover, the left bank yellow “Ready” LED goes out and the green “In Use” LED illuminates
8. Verify the line pressure gauge reading is acceptable.
9. Slowly open one cylinder on the right side of the manifold.
10. Verify the following:
    • Right bank red “Empty” LED goes out
    • Right bank yellow “Ready” LED illuminates
    • Right bank cylinder contents gauge reads cylinder pressure
11. Close the left bank cylinder. Depress the valve located on the side of the line regulator. Verify the following:
    • Left bank cylinder contents gauge drops slowly
    • As left cylinder contents gauge is nearly depleted, the manifold changes over to the right bank
    • After changeover, the left bank green “In Use” LED goes out and red “Empty” LED illuminates
    • After changeover, the right bank yellow “Ready” LED goes out and green “In Use” LED illuminates
12. Slowly open one cylinder on the left side of the manifold.
13. Verify the following:
    • Left bank red “Empty” LED goes out
    • Left bank yellow “Ready” LED illuminates
    • Left bank cylinder contents gauge reads cylinder pressure
    • If connected to a master alarm panel, “Secondary Supply” alarm is not activated
14. Close the left and right-side cylinders.
15. Record the pressure readings of the left and right bank cylinder contents gauges.
16. Wait 15 minutes.
17. Compare current readings of the left and right bank cylinder contents gauges to those recorded in step 15. If there is a noticeable pressure change on either gauge, perform leak testing.
18. Reinstall manifold control panel cover.
19. When the piping system is ready to receive gas slowly open the locked-out source shut-off valve.

Supply plants

Pipeline distribution system inspection/testing

System pipeline purge

Inspection of outlets, junction points and valves

• Each outlet of a pipeline distribution system has a terminal unit that is brazed to the pipeline with no flexible hose intervening or a medical supply unit junction point.
• Each junction point for a medical supply unit is readily accessible for service and either permanently connected to the medical supply unit (e.g., by brazing or welding) or fitted with a gas-specific DISS connector.
• Each supply system shall have a shut-off valve located as close as possible to the supply system outlet.
• Each supply system located outside the facility shall have a service isolation valve, secured in the open position, within the supply system enclosure.
• Each pipeline and service isolation valve is installed as outlined in the CSA Z7396.1 Standard.
• All labelling is installed as stated in the CSA Z7396.1 Standard.
• All pipeline installations shall be checked for compliance with the CSA Z7396.1 Standard.
• The installation tests haves been performed by the installer.
• Each zone valve shall be checked for correct identification and operation.
• Each zone valve shall be checked to verify that they control only those terminal units intended by the system design.

Particulate filter test

Gas identity and cross-connection

• Each system is purged a sufficient number of times to remove the test gas.
• The line pressure regulator controlling each piped gas must be adjusted to maintain a clearly recognizable pressure difference of no less than 35 kPa (5 psi).
• The medical vacuum system shall be in operation, and the cut-in and cut-out settings of the vacuum pump controller are to be measured and recorded.
• After all of the different system pressures are adjusted and recorded, every terminal unit must be checked with a pressure gauge attached to the specific adapter for that terminal unit. The pressure at the terminal units is recorded while there is a flow of 15 to 25 L/min (0.5 to 1 SCFM). The recorded flow pressure must be the same as the previously recorded static pressure for the system.
• The outflow gas concentration from each gas terminal must be tested using the appropriate gas analyzer. Gas concentrations should measure at least 99% for oxygen, nitrous oxide, carbon dioxide, helium, and nitrogen and 19.5 to 23.5% oxygen for medical and instrument air.

Check of terminal units

Contaminant testing

Flow testing

Alarm testing

• Close the applicable service (shutoff) valve to the area
• Increase the line pressure in the piping system to the high-pressure alarm set point.
• Check the applicable alarm panel to ensure that the properly labelled warning signal is activated
• Check a test gauge in the area to ensure that the pressure reading is the same as the reading on the alarm panel.
• Silence the audible signal. The visible signal should remain activated.
• Reduce the line pressure in the piping system to the normal operating pressure and check the applicable alarm has deactivated and the pressure readings are back to normal.
• Reduce the line pressure in the piping system to the low-pressure alarm set point.
• Check the applicable alarm panel to ensure that the properly labelled warning signal is activated.
• Check a test gauge in the area to ensure that the pressure reading is the same as the reading on the alarm panel.
• Silence the audible signal. The visible signal should remain activated.
• Open the service (shutoff ) valve to the area
• Check the applicable alarm has deactivated and the pressure readings are back to normal.
• Disconnect the low voltage alarm wiring from the pressure switch or transducer.
• Check the applicable alarm panel to ensure that the properly labelled warning signal is activated.
• Reconnect the low-voltage alarm wiring to the pressure sensor.
• Check the applicable alarm has deactivated
• Document the test results.

Final Approval

Self-Test 1

Media Attributions

• Figure 1. "Typical terminal unit test assembly" - The source for this image is unknown. It is being used for non-commercial, educational purposes. To receive credit for this image, please reach out to the publisher.
• Figure 2. "Piping purge being performed at a terminal unit" - The source for this image is unknown. It is being used for non-commercial, educational purposes. To receive credit for this image, please reach out to the publisher.

• Each pipeline pressure shall be observed and recorded at least once per day. If the pressure deviation is observed to be greater than ±5% from normal, the system shall be investigated.

• Supply systems and control equipment shall be checked at least every six months to determine the following:
  • Smooth transfer between primary, secondary and reserve sources.
  • Pressure regulators shall be observed and tested for droop as well as for creep.
  • The pressure setting of the parallel line pressure regulators shall be alternated and an operating record shall be kept.
  • Pigtails for high-pressure cylinder connections shall be inspected for flexibility, fatigue, damage, and gas compatibility. Non-return (check) valves shall be tested for closure.
  • Manifold valves shall be inspected for external leaks and closurability.
  • Cylinders, including spares and empties, shall be inspected to ensure that they are properly secured.
  • Gauges and displays shall be inspected for accuracy and legibility.
  • Indicator lights shall be inspected and replaced as needed.
  • Pressure relief devices shall be inspected for damage, leakage, and broken seals.
• Zone alarm panels shall be verified and documented for compliance with the audible, visual, and marking requirements, and verified for integrity. Documentation shall include observed defects, and/or where alarm panels are deemed noncompliant.
• Supply system alarm panels shall be verified and documented every six months to ensure that they continue to meet as-installed operating specifications.
• Medical air produced by a compressor-based system shall be analyzed for purity compliance.

• Zone alarm panels shall be verified and documented annually applying low-pressure and low vacuum alarm simulations to verify sensor functionality and ensure alarm calibrations.
• Instrument air produced by a compressor-based system shall be analyzed for purity compliance.
• Oxygen produced by a concentrator shall be analyzed for purity compliance.
• The supply systems environment shall be inspected annually to ensure it continues to conform to the installation requirements.
• Terminal units shall be tested for function, wear, mechanical performance, and flow resistance.
• Zone valves shall be leak tested and verified and documented to remain in compliance with the original installation requirements. Additionally, every 5 years zone valves must be checked for internal leakage by using a controlled standing pressure test to confirm tightness of shutoff.

Self-Test 1

Central cylinder supply systems

Cylinder replacement

• Enter cylinder storage room with caution, open door and air out the room.
• Identify which cylinders bank, left or right side, is empty.
• Close the cylinder valves on the empty cylinders.
• Using an appropriate wrench to loosen pigtail from empty cylinders releasing any residual pressure, then disconnect pigtails from the cylinder valve outlets. Oxidizing gasses will have copper tubing pigtails which will be move difficult to remove
• Install protective valve caps onto empty cylinders.
• Tag/identify empty cylinders.
• Use a cylinder cart to replace empty cylinders with full ones.

• When positioning and restraining new cylinders double check the gas identification labels.
• Remove the cylinder protective covers and store them were they can be easily located.
• Using a clean (lint free) cloth, wipe each cylinder valve outlet clean. Do not use your fingers.
• Standing to one side, “crack” each cylinder valve by briefly opening and closing to blow out any dust. Make sure they are pointing away from you and other personnel.
• Check the condition of the pigtail and replace any damaged ones.
• Connect the pigtails to the cylinder valve outlets and tighten the nut with an appropriate wrench
• When all of the cylinders are connected, very slowly open one cylinder valve and observe the bank pressure gauge, when the manifold is pressurized then all cylinder valves can be slowly opened fully.
• Leak test the pigtail connections
• Observe the manifold status indicators to confirm the empty bank is now indicating full cylinders on standby.
• Record the cylinder change out into the log

Mechanical supply systems

• Daily:
  • check condensate in the receiver tank
  • check the automatic drain on receivers
  • check the oil level(s) and
  • check the exhaust drain drip leg for presence of moisture/water
• Weekly:
  • check the frequency of starts and the duration of the run period and compare with previous records and
  • check the cut-in and cut-out pressure
  • check operation of safety valve
• Monthly:
  • check outdoor vacuum exhaust vents for obstruction (ice or debris on the screen)
  • check belts and tension
  • check flow through orifice of dew point sensor
  • check outdoor medical air intake for obstruction
• Every 6 months:
  • test all system functions and
  • calibrate carbon monoxide transmitter
  • replace intake and other system filters, if necessary
• Every 12 months:
  • check dew point sensor accuracy
  • change inlet filters
  • change oil filters (oil lubricated pumps)
  • change oil separator elements (oil lubricated pumps)
  • change v-belts
  • check inlet and discharge check valve operations
  • check flex lines for wear or leaks
  • check control panel contactors for wear
  • check motor to pump coupler bushings and
  • check and document vane wear (composite rotary vane-type pumps)
• Following manufacturer’s instructions:
  • replace dew point and carbon monoxide transmitters
  • change oil with specified type and grade
  • lubricate the pump, motor, and bearings and
  • replace piston rings.

Dryers

• daily checking of operation of the dryers and their filters for continued compliance with the manufacturer’s operating instructions;
• every 3 months;
  • Clean the auto drain in the coalescing filter.
  • Monitor the backpressure on the purging tower. If the gauge reads more than 0 psig (when purging), check the purge muffler for blockage and replace if necessary.
• every 6 months:
  • test all system functions and
  • clean the pre-filter strainer ball valve
• every 12 months:
  • check or change all filters cartridges as per manufacturer’s instructions
  • check or change exhaust mufflers/silencers as per manufacturer’s instructions
  • check the automatic drain function in the coalescing filter as per manufacturer’s instructions
  • check for air leakage of the outlet and purge check valves
  • check for leakage at the inlet/exhaust control valve solenoids and
  • check the inlet and exhaust valves/solenoids for wear.
• every 36 months:
  • Change all annual parts.
  • Change desiccant, check valves, shuttle valve(s), and purge valve(s).

Condensate drains

• You can adjust the drain cycles by setting the number of cycles per hour and the length of time the valve will stay open during each cycle. The theory is to set the timer for a long enough period to completely drain the condensation without setting it long enough to waste compressed air.
• The problem is that the amount of condensation will vary according to changes in the temperatures and relative humidity of the ambient environment. This means that the settings will have to be adjusted to compensate for climate and seasonal changes.
• Take the time to change the settings on your timer drains to match the changes in the ambient temperature and humidity.
• Avoid the temptation of using settings that will keep the valve open longer than necessary. This approach may get the condensation out of the system, but it sets up an automatic leak point for compressed air.

• Clean inlet filters
• Clean the sensors and the housing of an electronic drain regularly.

Compressor V-Belts

1. Remove the old belts:
   1. Remove the belt guard.
   2. Loosen the locking bolts securing the motor base.
   3. Adjust the belt tensioning adjustment rods on the motor base to loosen tension on belts.
   4. Remove the old belt(s).
2. Check and clean:
   1. Check and clean all of the grooves of both the motor and compressor sheaves.
   2. Check the tightness of bolts on the sheave bushings.
3. Installation of new belts:
   1. Confirm the belt type and length.
   2. Place the belt(s) into the grooves of both sheaves.
   3. Adjust the belt tensioning adjusting rods on the motor base until the proper tension and alignment is obtained. To check for correct alignment, place a straight edge on the faces of the two sheaves (Figure 5). Proper alignment is obtained when all the gaps between the straight edge and the sheaves are minimized and less than 1/8”.
   4. Replace the belt guards before operating the machine.

Line pressure regulators

1. Open the right-side Line Regulator Isolation Valve and close the left-side Line Regulator Valve.
2. Slightly open vent valve (less than ¼ turn) to create a small flow of gas through manifold.
3. Using a wrench, loosen the right Line Regulator locknut.
4. Turn the Right Line Regulator Adjusting Screw to achieve an appropriate output pressure gauge reading.
5. Tighten the Right Line Regulator Lock Nut.
6. Open left-side Line Regulator Isolation Valve and close the right-side Line Regulator Isolation Valve
7. Using a wrench, loosen Line Regulator Locknut.
8. Turn left-side Line Regulator Adjusting Screw to achieve an appropriate output pressure gauge reading.
9. Tighten the left Line Regulator Lock Nut.
10. Close Vent Valve.
11. Open right-side Line Regulator Isolation Valve.
12. Verify manifold operation.

Pipeline distribution system maintenance

Shut-off valves

Terminal units

Zone alarm panels

Self-Test 2

Media Attributions

• Figure 1. "Desiccant dryer components" - The source for this image is unknown. It is being used for non-commercial, educational purposes. To receive credit for this image, please reach out to the publisher.
• Figure 2. "Timed electric drain assembly" from Air Compressors Direct is used for educational purposes under the basis of fair dealing.
• Figure 3. "Selection of electronic demand drains" from Barton Associates, Inc. is used for educational purposes under the basis of fair dealing.
• Figure 4. "Belt tension" - The source for this image is unknown. It is being used for non-commercial, educational purposes. To receive credit for this image, please reach out to the publisher.
• Figure 5. "Checking belt alignment" - The source for this image is unknown. It is being used for non-commercial, educational purposes. To receive credit for this image, please reach out to the publisher.
• Figure 6. "Zone alarm pressure display" - The source for this image is unknown. It is being used for non-commercial, educational purposes. To receive credit for this image, please reach out to the publisher.
• Figure 7. "Gas specific pressure sensor assembly" - The source for this image is unknown. It is being used for non-commercial, educational purposes. To receive credit for this image, please reach out to the publisher.

Media Attributions

• Top Left: Shows the air system outlet (9), where dried air is delivered.
• Top Middle: Displays the tower pressure gauge (2), a visual indicator of tower pressure. The pre-filter (3) and after-filter (8) remove debris from incoming and outgoing air. Check valves (4) ensure unidirectional airflow. The purge muffler (5) reduces exhaust noise and filters out particulates like desiccant dust, while the poppet purge valve (6) controls the release of purge air. The 441 switching valve (7) toggles between the two filtered air lines.
• Top Right: Highlights the dryer inlet, where new air enters the system.
• Bottom Left: Shows the canister (10) and tower (11) o-rings, essential for maintaining an airtight seal. [Return to Figure 1] 

Tips for Using This Textbook

• Search the textbook.
  • If using the online webbook, you can use the search bar in the top right corner to search the entire book for a key word or phrase. To search a specific chapter, open that chapter and use your browser's search feature by hitting [Cntr] + [f] on your keyboard if using a Windows computer or [Command] + [f] if using a Mac computer.
  • The [Cntr] + [f] and [Command] + [f] keys will also allow you to search a PDF, HTML, and EPUB files if you are reading them on a computer.
  • If using an eBook app to read this textbook, the app should have a built-in search tool.
• Navigate the textbook.
  • This textbook has a table of contents to help you navigate through the book easier. If using the online webbook, you can find the full table of contents on the book's homepage or by selecting "Contents" from the top menu when you are in a chapter.
• Annotate the textbook.
  • If you like to highlight or write on your textbooks, you can do that by getting a print copy, using the Digital PDF in Adobe Reader, or using the highlighting tools in eReader apps.

Webbook vs. All Other Formats