{"id":290,"date":"2014-05-13T17:45:17","date_gmt":"2014-05-13T17:45:17","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/strategicmanagement\/?post_type=chapter&#038;p=290"},"modified":"2019-07-02T23:15:20","modified_gmt":"2019-07-02T23:15:20","slug":"conclusion-9","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/strategicmanagement\/chapter\/conclusion-9\/","title":{"raw":"Conclusion","rendered":"Conclusion"},"content":{"raw":"This chapter has explained elements of organizational design that are vital for executing strategy. Leaders of firms, ranging from the smallest sole proprietorship to the largest global corporation, must make decisions about the delegation of authority and responsibility when organizing activities within their firms. Deciding how to best divide labor to increase efficiency and effectiveness is often the starting point for more complex decisions that lead to the creation of formal organizational charts. While small businesses rarely create organization charts, firms that embrace functional, multidivisional, and matrix structures often have reporting relationships with considerable complexity. To execute strategy effectively, managers also depend on the skillful use of organizational control systems that involve output, behavioural , and clan controls. Although introducing more efficient business practices to improve organizational functioning is desirable, executives should avoid letting their firms become \u201cout of control\u201d by being skeptical of management fads. Finally, the legal form a business takes is an important decision with implications for a firm\u2019s organizational structure.\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--exercises\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Exercises<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n<ol>\r\n \t<li>The following chart is an organizational chart for the\u00a0Canadian federal government. What type of the four structures mentioned in this chapter best fits what you see in this chart?<\/li>\r\n \t<li>How does this structure explain why the government seems to move at an incredibly slow pace?<\/li>\r\n \t<li>What changes could be made to speed up the government? Would they be beneficial?<a id=\"f9.25\"><\/a><\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_1684\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"400\"]<a id=\"figure9-25\" href=\"http:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/strategicmanagement\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/30\/2014\/08\/Figure-9-25.png\"><img class=\"wp-image-1684\" alt=\"Organizational Chart for the Federal Government of Canada\" src=\"http:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/strategicmanagement\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/30\/2014\/08\/Figure-9-25.png\" height=\"469\" width=\"400\" \/><\/a> Figure 9.25: Organizational Chart for the Federal Government of Canada <a href=\"http:\/\/f9.25desc\">[Image description]<\/a>[\/caption]<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<h1>Attributions<\/h1>\r\n<strong><a id=\"figure9-2\" href=\"\/strategicmanagement\/chapter\/the-basic-building-blocks-of-organizational-structure#f9.2\">Figure 9.2:<\/a>\r\n<\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/iahohai\/6291137872\/\">Lost Shoe<\/a> by Gabriel Lascu (https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/iahohai\/6291137872\/) used under <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/\">CC BY 2.0 Licence<\/a> (first);\r\n\r\n<a href=\"http:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Organizational_chart_panera.jpg\">Organizational chart panera<\/a> by Joea6432 (http:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Organizational_chart_panera.jpg) used under\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0\/\">CC BY-SA 3.0 Licence<\/a> \u00a0(second);\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/89228431@N06\/11220931254\/\">Businessmen shaking hands<\/a> by reynermedia (https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/89228431@N06\/11220931254\/) used under <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/\">CC BY 2.0 Licence<\/a>(third);\r\n\r\n<a href=\"http:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Categorisation-hierarchy-top2down.svg\">Categorisation-hierarchy-top2down<\/a> by Andreas Plank (http:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Categorisation-hierarchy-top2down.svg) used under\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0\/\">CC BY-SA 3.0 Licence<\/a> \u00a0(fourth)\r\n\r\n<strong><a id=\"figure9-7\" href=\"\/strategicmanagement\/chapter\/creating-an-organizational-structure#f9.7\">Figure 9.7:<\/a>\r\n<\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/33755808@N08\/3429469823\/\">1974 Canadian Penny (Reverse)<\/a> by yaybiscuits123 (https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/33755808@N08\/3429469823\/) used under\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/\">CC BY 2.0 Licence<\/a>\u00a0(first);\r\n\r\n<a href=\"http:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Tattoo_arms.jpg\">Tattoo arms<\/a> by Laughlin Elkind (http:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Tattoo_arms.jpg) used under\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/\">CC BY 2.0 Licence<\/a>(second);\r\n\r\n<a href=\"http:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:(Three_elevations_of)_ceiling_panel_A,_door_hall_to_kitchen_dept,_north,_east_(elevations),_section_looking_north_(GGUSC-BlackerR-5354).jpg)\">(Three elevations of) ceiling panel A, door hall to kitchen dept, north, east (elevations), section looking north (GGUSC-BlackerR-5354)<\/a> by Unknown (http:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:(Three_elevations_of)_ceiling_panel_A,_door_hall_to_kitchen_dept,_north,_east_(elevations),_section_looking_north_(GGUSC-BlackerR-5354).jpg) is in the Public Domain (third);\r\n\r\n<a href=\"http:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:LGH_PEUKALOISET.jpg\">LGH PEUKALOISET<\/a> by Jukka Sirvi\u00f6 (http:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:LGH_PEUKALOISET.jpg) is in the Public Domain (fourth);\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/stevensnodgrass\/6616273185\/\">Peerless Laundry &amp; Dry Cleaning<\/a> by Steve Snodgrass (https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/stevensnodgrass\/6616273185\/) used under\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/\">CC BY 2.0 Licence<\/a>\u00a0(fifth);\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/impuls-f\/3947686324\/\">Yoga 23<\/a> by Oleg Klementiev (https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/impuls-f\/3947686324\/) used under\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/\">CC BY 2.0 Licence<\/a>\u00a0(sixth);\r\n\r\n<a href=\"http:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:A_guitar_ubt.jpeg\">A guitar ubt<\/a> by Tsca (http:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:A_guitar_ubt.jpeg) is in the Public Domain (seventh);\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/78428166@N00\/5892873450\/\">The Bride: Michelle<\/a> by Tony Alter (https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/78428166@N00\/5892873450\/) used under\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/\">CC BY 2.0 Licence<\/a>\u00a0(eighth)\r\n\r\n<strong><a id=\"figure9-9\" href=\"\/strategicmanagement\/chapter\/creating-an-organizational-structure#f9.9\">Figure 9.9:<\/a>\r\n<\/strong><a href=\"http:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Safeway_(5115784317).jpg\">Safeway (5115784317)<\/a> by tales of a wandering youkai (http:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Safeway_(5115784317).jpg) used under\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/\">CC BY 2.0 Licence<\/a>\u00a0(first);\r\n\r\n<a href=\"http:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Spa_interiors.jpg\">Spa interiors<\/a> by Avilash behera (http:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Spa_interiors.jpg) used under\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0\/\">CC BY-SA 3.0 Licence<\/a> \u00a0(second)\r\n\r\n<strong><a id=\"figure9-16\" href=\"\/strategicmanagement\/chapter\/creating-organizational-control-systems#f9.16\">Figure 9.16:<\/a>\r\n<\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/106574022@N04\/10797567855\/\">Couples in Real Estate Agent\u2019s Office<\/a> by Mark Moz (https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/106574022@N04\/10797567855\/) used under\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/\">CC BY 2.0 Licence<\/a>\u00a0(first);\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/amboo213\/4020584983\/\">FAIL<\/a> by amboo who? (https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/amboo213\/4020584983\/) used under\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0\/\">CC BY-SA 3.0 Licence<\/a> (second);\r\n\r\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/fimoculous\/3210330182\/\">Shake It, Start Over<\/a> by Rex Sorgatz (http:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/fimoculous\/3210330182\/) used under\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/\">CC BY 2.0 Licence<\/a>\u00a0(third);\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/plutor\/134329177\/\">just the ones I\u2019m getting rid of<\/a> by Logan Ingalls (https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/plutor\/134329177\/) used under\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/\">CC BY 2.0 Licence<\/a>\u00a0(fourth);\r\n\r\n<a href=\"http:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Waiter_01.jpg\">Waiter_01<\/a> by Beatrice Murch (http:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Waiter_01.jpg) used under\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0\/\">CC BY-SA 3.0 Licence<\/a> (fifth)\r\n\r\n<strong><a id=\"figure9-18\" href=\"\/strategicmanagement\/chapter\/creating-organizational-control-systems#f9.18\">Figure 9.18:<\/a>\r\n<\/strong><a href=\"http:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Green_flip_flops_on_red_background.jpg\">Green flip flops on red background<\/a> by Steve Johnson (http:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Green_flip_flops_on_red_background.jpg) used under\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/\">CC BY 2.0 Licence<\/a>\u00a0(first);\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/meddygarnet\/4409732265\/\">Casual Friday Victory<\/a> by Morgan (https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/meddygarnet\/4409732265\/) used under\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/\">CC BY 2.0 Licence<\/a> (second);\r\n\r\n<a href=\"http:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Google_Cheque_epayservice.jpg\">Google Cheque epayservice<\/a>\u00a0by J Archer (http:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Google_Cheque_epayservice.jpg) used under\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/\">CC BY 2.0 Licence<\/a> (third);\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/jetheriot\/8413883357\/\">perfect attendance<\/a> by J E Theriot (https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/jetheriot\/8413883357\/) used under\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/\">CC BY 2.0 Licence<\/a>\u00a0(fourth);\r\n\r\n<a href=\"http:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:No_Smoking.svg\">No Smoking<\/a> by AIGA (http:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:No_Smoking.svg) is in the Public Domain (fifth)\r\n\r\n<strong><a id=\"figure9-20\" href=\"\/strategicmanagement\/chapter\/creating-organizational-control-systems#f9.20\">Figure 9.20:<\/a>\r\n<\/strong><a href=\"http:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/72213316@N00\/5613296254\/\">\u201cMagic\u201d<\/a> by Frank Kovalchek (http:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/72213316@N00\/5613296254\/) used under\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/\">CC BY 2.0 Licence<\/a>\u00a0(first);\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/rkeetch\/2736503731\/\">E<\/a> by Roddy Keetch (https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/rkeetch\/2736503731\/) used under\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/\">CC BY 2.0 Licence<\/a>\u00a0(second);\r\n\r\n<a href=\"http:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:The_Cairn_UBC.jpg\">The Cairn UBC<\/a> by Xicotencatl (http:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:The_Cairn_UBC.jpg) used under\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0\/\">CC BY-SA 3.0 Licence<\/a> (third)\r\n\r\n<strong><a id=\"figure9-22\" href=\"\/strategicmanagement\/chapter\/creating-organizational-control-systems#f9.22\">Figure 9.22:<\/a>\r\n<\/strong><a href=\"http:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:2006-02-04_Metal_spiral.jpg\">2006-02-04 Metal spiral<\/a> by Roger McLassus (http:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:2006-02-04_Metal_spiral.jpg) used under\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0\/\">CC BY-SA 3.0 Licence<\/a> \u00a0(first);\r\n\r\n<a href=\"http:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:People_in_small_discussion_group_meeting.jpg\">People in small discussion group meeting<\/a> by Harless Todd (http:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:People_in_small_discussion_group_meeting.jpg) is in the Public Domain (second);\r\n\r\n<a href=\"http:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Cubo_completato.jpg\">Cubo completato<\/a> by Masakazu \u201cMatto\u201d Matsumoto (http:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Cubo_completato.jpg) used under\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/\">CC BY 2.0 Licence<\/a>\u00a0(third);\r\n\r\n<a href=\"http:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:WestJet_737-700_(2849416111).jpg)\">WestJet 737-700 (2849416111)<\/a> by RAF-YYC (http:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:WestJet_737-700_(2849416111).jpg) used under\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0\/\">CC BY-SA 3.0 Licence<\/a> \u00a0(fourth)\r\n\r\n<strong><a id=\"figure9-24\" href=\"\/strategicmanagement\/chapter\/legal-forms-of-business#f9.24\">Figure 9.24:<\/a>\r\n<\/strong><a href=\"http:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Small_Businesses_-_geograph.org.uk_-_682645.jpg\">Small Businesses - geograph.org.uk - 682645<\/a>\u00a0by Mary and Angus Hogg\u00a0(http:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Small_Businesses_-_geograph.org.uk_-_682645.jpg) used under\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0\/\">CC BY-SA 3.0 Licence<\/a> \u00a0(first);\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/124247024@N07\/13903385550\/\">Handshake \u2013 2 men<\/a> by Flazingo Photos (https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/124247024@N07\/13903385550\/) used under\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0\/\">CC BY-SA 3.0 Licence<\/a> (second);\r\n\r\n<a href=\"http:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Wall_Street_%26_Broadway.JPG\">Wall Street &amp; Broadway<\/a> by Fletcher6 (http:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Wall_Street_%26_Broadway.JPG) used under\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0\/\">CC BY-SA 3.0 Licence<\/a> \u00a0(third);\r\n\r\n<a href=\"http:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Analisis_Planta_teatro_de_San_Bernardo2.jpg\">Analisis Planta teatro de San Bernardo2<\/a> by Lycant (http:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Analisis_Planta_teatro_de_San_Bernardo2.jpg) used under <a href=\"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0\/\">CC BY-SA 3.0 Licence<\/a> (fourth)\r\n<h1>Image descriptions<\/h1>\r\n<h2><a id=\"f9.25desc\"><\/a>Figure 9.25 image description: Organizational Chart for the Federal Government of Canada<\/h2>\r\nUnder the sovereign of Canada which is Queen Elizabeth II, and the Governor General, there is the parliament and the Prime Minister. The parliament has two part: the House of Commons and the Senate. Under the Prime Minister, there is the Prime Minister's office, the ministry, and the Privy Council's office. The ministry includes 23 departments: Agriculture &amp; Agri-Food, Atlantic Canada Opportunities Agency, Canada Economic Development for Quebec Regions, Canadian Heritage, Citizenship &amp; Immigration, Environment, Finance, Fisheries and Oceans, Foreign Affairs and International Trade, Health, Human Resources Development, Indian Affairs and Northern Development, Industry, Justice, National Defence, National Revenue, Natural Resources, Public Works and Government Services, Solicitor General, Transport, Treasury Board, Veterans Affairs, Western Economic Diversification. And the judiciary is separated from the the sovereign.\r\n\r\n<a href=\"#f9.25\">Return to Figure 9.25<\/a>","rendered":"<p>This chapter has explained elements of organizational design that are vital for executing strategy. Leaders of firms, ranging from the smallest sole proprietorship to the largest global corporation, must make decisions about the delegation of authority and responsibility when organizing activities within their firms. Deciding how to best divide labor to increase efficiency and effectiveness is often the starting point for more complex decisions that lead to the creation of formal organizational charts. While small businesses rarely create organization charts, firms that embrace functional, multidivisional, and matrix structures often have reporting relationships with considerable complexity. To execute strategy effectively, managers also depend on the skillful use of organizational control systems that involve output, behavioural , and clan controls. Although introducing more efficient business practices to improve organizational functioning is desirable, executives should avoid letting their firms become \u201cout of control\u201d by being skeptical of management fads. Finally, the legal form a business takes is an important decision with implications for a firm\u2019s organizational structure.<\/p>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--exercises\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Exercises<\/p>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<ol>\n<li>The following chart is an organizational chart for the\u00a0Canadian federal government. What type of the four structures mentioned in this chapter best fits what you see in this chart?<\/li>\n<li>How does this structure explain why the government seems to move at an incredibly slow pace?<\/li>\n<li>What changes could be made to speed up the government? Would they be beneficial?<a id=\"f9.25\"><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<figure id=\"attachment_1684\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1684\" style=\"width: 400px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a id=\"figure9-25\" href=\"http:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/strategicmanagement\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/30\/2014\/08\/Figure-9-25.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1684\" alt=\"Organizational Chart for the Federal Government of Canada\" src=\"http:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/strategicmanagement\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/30\/2014\/08\/Figure-9-25.png\" height=\"469\" width=\"400\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-1684\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Figure 9.25: Organizational Chart for the Federal Government of Canada <a href=\"http:\/\/f9.25desc\">[Image description]<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h1>Attributions<\/h1>\n<p><strong><a id=\"figure9-2\" href=\"\/strategicmanagement\/chapter\/the-basic-building-blocks-of-organizational-structure#f9.2\">Figure 9.2:<\/a><br \/>\n<\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/iahohai\/6291137872\/\">Lost Shoe<\/a> by Gabriel Lascu (https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/iahohai\/6291137872\/) used under <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/\">CC BY 2.0 Licence<\/a> (first);<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Organizational_chart_panera.jpg\">Organizational chart panera<\/a> by Joea6432 (http:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Organizational_chart_panera.jpg) used under\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0\/\">CC BY-SA 3.0 Licence<\/a> \u00a0(second);<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/89228431@N06\/11220931254\/\">Businessmen shaking hands<\/a> by reynermedia (https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/89228431@N06\/11220931254\/) used under <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/\">CC BY 2.0 Licence<\/a>(third);<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Categorisation-hierarchy-top2down.svg\">Categorisation-hierarchy-top2down<\/a> by Andreas Plank (http:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Categorisation-hierarchy-top2down.svg) used under\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0\/\">CC BY-SA 3.0 Licence<\/a> \u00a0(fourth)<\/p>\n<p><strong><a id=\"figure9-7\" href=\"\/strategicmanagement\/chapter\/creating-an-organizational-structure#f9.7\">Figure 9.7:<\/a><br \/>\n<\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/33755808@N08\/3429469823\/\">1974 Canadian Penny (Reverse)<\/a> by yaybiscuits123 (https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/33755808@N08\/3429469823\/) used under\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/\">CC BY 2.0 Licence<\/a>\u00a0(first);<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Tattoo_arms.jpg\">Tattoo arms<\/a> by Laughlin Elkind (http:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Tattoo_arms.jpg) used under\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/\">CC BY 2.0 Licence<\/a>(second);<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:(Three_elevations_of)_ceiling_panel_A,_door_hall_to_kitchen_dept,_north,_east_(elevations),_section_looking_north_(GGUSC-BlackerR-5354).jpg)\">(Three elevations of) ceiling panel A, door hall to kitchen dept, north, east (elevations), section looking north (GGUSC-BlackerR-5354)<\/a> by Unknown (http:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:(Three_elevations_of)_ceiling_panel_A,_door_hall_to_kitchen_dept,_north,_east_(elevations),_section_looking_north_(GGUSC-BlackerR-5354).jpg) is in the Public Domain (third);<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:LGH_PEUKALOISET.jpg\">LGH PEUKALOISET<\/a> by Jukka Sirvi\u00f6 (http:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:LGH_PEUKALOISET.jpg) is in the Public Domain (fourth);<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/stevensnodgrass\/6616273185\/\">Peerless Laundry &amp; Dry Cleaning<\/a> by Steve Snodgrass (https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/stevensnodgrass\/6616273185\/) used under\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/\">CC BY 2.0 Licence<\/a>\u00a0(fifth);<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/impuls-f\/3947686324\/\">Yoga 23<\/a> by Oleg Klementiev (https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/impuls-f\/3947686324\/) used under\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/\">CC BY 2.0 Licence<\/a>\u00a0(sixth);<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:A_guitar_ubt.jpeg\">A guitar ubt<\/a> by Tsca (http:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:A_guitar_ubt.jpeg) is in the Public Domain (seventh);<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/78428166@N00\/5892873450\/\">The Bride: Michelle<\/a> by Tony Alter (https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/78428166@N00\/5892873450\/) used under\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/\">CC BY 2.0 Licence<\/a>\u00a0(eighth)<\/p>\n<p><strong><a id=\"figure9-9\" href=\"\/strategicmanagement\/chapter\/creating-an-organizational-structure#f9.9\">Figure 9.9:<\/a><br \/>\n<\/strong><a href=\"http:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Safeway_(5115784317).jpg\">Safeway (5115784317)<\/a> by tales of a wandering youkai (http:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Safeway_(5115784317).jpg) used under\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/\">CC BY 2.0 Licence<\/a>\u00a0(first);<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Spa_interiors.jpg\">Spa interiors<\/a> by Avilash behera (http:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Spa_interiors.jpg) used under\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0\/\">CC BY-SA 3.0 Licence<\/a> \u00a0(second)<\/p>\n<p><strong><a id=\"figure9-16\" href=\"\/strategicmanagement\/chapter\/creating-organizational-control-systems#f9.16\">Figure 9.16:<\/a><br \/>\n<\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/106574022@N04\/10797567855\/\">Couples in Real Estate Agent\u2019s Office<\/a> by Mark Moz (https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/106574022@N04\/10797567855\/) used under\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/\">CC BY 2.0 Licence<\/a>\u00a0(first);<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/amboo213\/4020584983\/\">FAIL<\/a> by amboo who? (https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/amboo213\/4020584983\/) used under\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0\/\">CC BY-SA 3.0 Licence<\/a> (second);<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/fimoculous\/3210330182\/\">Shake It, Start Over<\/a> by Rex Sorgatz (http:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/fimoculous\/3210330182\/) used under\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/\">CC BY 2.0 Licence<\/a>\u00a0(third);<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/plutor\/134329177\/\">just the ones I\u2019m getting rid of<\/a> by Logan Ingalls (https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/plutor\/134329177\/) used under\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/\">CC BY 2.0 Licence<\/a>\u00a0(fourth);<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Waiter_01.jpg\">Waiter_01<\/a> by Beatrice Murch (http:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Waiter_01.jpg) used under\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0\/\">CC BY-SA 3.0 Licence<\/a> (fifth)<\/p>\n<p><strong><a id=\"figure9-18\" href=\"\/strategicmanagement\/chapter\/creating-organizational-control-systems#f9.18\">Figure 9.18:<\/a><br \/>\n<\/strong><a href=\"http:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Green_flip_flops_on_red_background.jpg\">Green flip flops on red background<\/a> by Steve Johnson (http:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Green_flip_flops_on_red_background.jpg) used under\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/\">CC BY 2.0 Licence<\/a>\u00a0(first);<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/meddygarnet\/4409732265\/\">Casual Friday Victory<\/a> by Morgan (https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/meddygarnet\/4409732265\/) used under\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/\">CC BY 2.0 Licence<\/a> (second);<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Google_Cheque_epayservice.jpg\">Google Cheque epayservice<\/a>\u00a0by J Archer (http:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Google_Cheque_epayservice.jpg) used under\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/\">CC BY 2.0 Licence<\/a> (third);<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/jetheriot\/8413883357\/\">perfect attendance<\/a> by J E Theriot (https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/jetheriot\/8413883357\/) used under\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/\">CC BY 2.0 Licence<\/a>\u00a0(fourth);<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:No_Smoking.svg\">No Smoking<\/a> by AIGA (http:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:No_Smoking.svg) is in the Public Domain (fifth)<\/p>\n<p><strong><a id=\"figure9-20\" href=\"\/strategicmanagement\/chapter\/creating-organizational-control-systems#f9.20\">Figure 9.20:<\/a><br \/>\n<\/strong><a href=\"http:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/72213316@N00\/5613296254\/\">\u201cMagic\u201d<\/a> by Frank Kovalchek (http:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/72213316@N00\/5613296254\/) used under\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/\">CC BY 2.0 Licence<\/a>\u00a0(first);<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/rkeetch\/2736503731\/\">E<\/a> by Roddy Keetch (https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/rkeetch\/2736503731\/) used under\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/\">CC BY 2.0 Licence<\/a>\u00a0(second);<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:The_Cairn_UBC.jpg\">The Cairn UBC<\/a> by Xicotencatl (http:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:The_Cairn_UBC.jpg) used under\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0\/\">CC BY-SA 3.0 Licence<\/a> (third)<\/p>\n<p><strong><a id=\"figure9-22\" href=\"\/strategicmanagement\/chapter\/creating-organizational-control-systems#f9.22\">Figure 9.22:<\/a><br \/>\n<\/strong><a href=\"http:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:2006-02-04_Metal_spiral.jpg\">2006-02-04 Metal spiral<\/a> by Roger McLassus (http:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:2006-02-04_Metal_spiral.jpg) used under\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0\/\">CC BY-SA 3.0 Licence<\/a> \u00a0(first);<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:People_in_small_discussion_group_meeting.jpg\">People in small discussion group meeting<\/a> by Harless Todd (http:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:People_in_small_discussion_group_meeting.jpg) is in the Public Domain (second);<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Cubo_completato.jpg\">Cubo completato<\/a> by Masakazu \u201cMatto\u201d Matsumoto (http:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Cubo_completato.jpg) used under\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/\">CC BY 2.0 Licence<\/a>\u00a0(third);<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:WestJet_737-700_(2849416111).jpg)\">WestJet 737-700 (2849416111)<\/a> by RAF-YYC (http:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:WestJet_737-700_(2849416111).jpg) used under\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0\/\">CC BY-SA 3.0 Licence<\/a> \u00a0(fourth)<\/p>\n<p><strong><a id=\"figure9-24\" href=\"\/strategicmanagement\/chapter\/legal-forms-of-business#f9.24\">Figure 9.24:<\/a><br \/>\n<\/strong><a href=\"http:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Small_Businesses_-_geograph.org.uk_-_682645.jpg\">Small Businesses &#8211; geograph.org.uk &#8211; 682645<\/a>\u00a0by Mary and Angus Hogg\u00a0(http:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Small_Businesses_-_geograph.org.uk_-_682645.jpg) used under\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0\/\">CC BY-SA 3.0 Licence<\/a> \u00a0(first);<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/124247024@N07\/13903385550\/\">Handshake \u2013 2 men<\/a> by Flazingo Photos (https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/124247024@N07\/13903385550\/) used under\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0\/\">CC BY-SA 3.0 Licence<\/a> (second);<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Wall_Street_%26_Broadway.JPG\">Wall Street &amp; Broadway<\/a> by Fletcher6 (http:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Wall_Street_%26_Broadway.JPG) used under\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0\/\">CC BY-SA 3.0 Licence<\/a> \u00a0(third);<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Analisis_Planta_teatro_de_San_Bernardo2.jpg\">Analisis Planta teatro de San Bernardo2<\/a> by Lycant (http:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Analisis_Planta_teatro_de_San_Bernardo2.jpg) used under <a href=\"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0\/\">CC BY-SA 3.0 Licence<\/a> (fourth)<\/p>\n<h1>Image descriptions<\/h1>\n<h2><a id=\"f9.25desc\"><\/a>Figure 9.25 image description: Organizational Chart for the Federal Government of Canada<\/h2>\n<p>Under the sovereign of Canada which is Queen Elizabeth II, and the Governor General, there is the parliament and the Prime Minister. The parliament has two part: the House of Commons and the Senate. Under the Prime Minister, there is the Prime Minister&#8217;s office, the ministry, and the Privy Council&#8217;s office. The ministry includes 23 departments: Agriculture &amp; Agri-Food, Atlantic Canada Opportunities Agency, Canada Economic Development for Quebec Regions, Canadian Heritage, Citizenship &amp; Immigration, Environment, Finance, Fisheries and Oceans, Foreign Affairs and International Trade, Health, Human Resources Development, Indian Affairs and Northern Development, Industry, Justice, National Defence, National Revenue, Natural Resources, Public Works and Government Services, Solicitor General, Transport, Treasury Board, Veterans Affairs, Western Economic Diversification. And the judiciary is separated from the the sovereign.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#f9.25\">Return to Figure 9.25<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"menu_order":1,"template":"","meta":{"pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-290","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry"],"part":390,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/strategicmanagement\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/290","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/strategicmanagement\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/strategicmanagement\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/strategicmanagement\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"version-history":[{"count":23,"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/strategicmanagement\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/290\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3338,"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/strategicmanagement\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/290\/revisions\/3338"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/strategicmanagement\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/390"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/strategicmanagement\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/290\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/strategicmanagement\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=290"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/strategicmanagement\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=290"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/strategicmanagement\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=290"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/strategicmanagement\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=290"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}