My grandma has never been on a plane. But she gets on a plane when she is 82 years old. She gets on a plane to see me.

One day, we go for a walk. She likes the flowers on my street.

Back home, she has many garden beds. She is in three flower clubs. She puts her plants in flower shows. She knows a lot about flowers.

But today she sees a flower she has not seen before. “What is this?” Grandma asks.

My friend Dave knows. He tells her what the flower is. She looks at Dave for a long time.

Back home, men hunt.

Back home, men fish.

Back home, men farm.

But back home, men do not know about flowers.

She takes this in. She smiles. Then we go on.

She hopes to see more flowers she has never seen before.

Freedman, J. (2009). Genetically modified food: How biotechnology is changing what we eat. New York, NY: Rosen.

Galat, J.M. (2014). Branching out: How trees are part of our world. Toronto, ON: Owlkids.

Giannetta, J. (2011). Arctic plant life. Retrieved from http://www.aitc.sk.ca/saskschools/arctic/Aplants2.html

Goodier, R. (2012). How to make a sack garden. Retrieved from https://www.engineeringforchange.org/news/2012/04/09/how_to_make_a_sack_garden.html

Green, J. (2006). Genetically modified food. Mankato, MN: Stargazer.

Hillstrom, K. (2012). Genetically modified foods. Farmington Hills, MI: Gale Cengage Learning.

Morgan, S. (2009). The plant cycle. New York, NY: PowerKids.

Morganelli, A. (2007). The biography of tomatoes. St. Catharines, ON: Crabtree.

Robbins, K. (2009). Food for thought: Stories behind the things we eat. New York, NY: Roaring Brook.

Scott, M. & Royston, A. (2008). North America's most amazing plants. Chicago, IL: Raintree.

Stotlman, R. (1993). Guide to the record trees of British Columbia. Vancouver, BC: Western Canada Wilderness Committee.

Stoltman, R. (1993). Written by the wind. Victoria, BC: Orca.

Stoltman, R. (1996). Hiking the ancient rainforests of British Columbia and Washington. Vancouver, BC: Lone Pine.

Wandera, M. (2015, April 20). Small space, big promise: Sack farming golds potential for poor urban households. In The World Post. Retrieved from http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2015/06/20/sack-farming_n_7606990.html

Wood, K. (2014). Urban farm projects. Irvine, CA: I-5 Publishing.

Max used to live on the street. Now he lives in a house for other kids from the street.

One of the workers at the house is named Dan. Dan is Cree like Max.

One day, Dan takes Max to pick sweetgrass. They walk out onto the wetland. The sweetgrass is very tall. It bends when they step on it. But it does not break. Dan says, “The sweetgrass tells us to be kind when we are hurt.”

Dan asks the sweetgrass if he can pick it. Then Dan and Max pick what they need. They leave the roots in the land. This way, the sweetgrass will grow again next year.

After that, they make the sweetgrass into a braid. Dan tells Max that sweetgrass takes away bad feelings. It makes room for happy feelings. So Max keeps the sweetgrass close.

This is Meg. Meg lives in South Africa. She has three kids.

It is hard to feed her kids. White people own most of the farmland in South Africa. Meg does not have land for a garden. Food costs a lot of money.

But Meg has a very good way to grow food. She finds a big sack. She puts rocks in the middle of the sack. She fills the rest of the sack with dirt. She makes little holes in the side of the sack. She puts a tomato plant in one hole. She puts a bean plant in one hole. She puts a green pepper plant in one hole. She puts eggplant in the top of the sack. She waters the sack garden from the top.

Her garden does not need much water. Her garden does not need much room. Her garden does not cost much money to make. Her garden does not have many weeds.

Now Meg can feed her kids.

I am new to the city. I do not know anyone. But an old woman lives next door. Her name is Val. She gives me a big box of vegetables.

She grows them in a garden by the sidewalk. There are carrots, tomatoes, beans, and peas. They are the best vegetables I ever ate. Val lives alone, too. But she seems happy in her garden. She loves those plants. Sometimes, I can hear her talking to them. Maybe that is why they grow so big.

One day, I stop seeing Val in the garden. I see people take many boxes from her home. Weeds grow in her garden. The dirt is dry. The plants look sad. Val must have passed on.

So I pull the weeds. I water the garden. I even talk to the plants.

Then a family moves next door. They are new to the city. They do not know anyone. And I give them a big box of vegetables from Val’s garden.

It is hard to be a farmer. Cold weather can kill your crops. Bugs can eat your crops. Weeds can hurt your crops. Your crops may need more rain than they get. Fruits and vegetables can go bad before they are sold. Some people say farmers can fix all this with GM food.

What is GM food? All living things have DNA. DNA tells living things how to grow. These days, people can change the DNA that tells food how to grow. When people change the DNA of food, it is called GM food.

Some GM food can grow in cold weather. GM food can stop bugs from eating it. GM fruits and vegetables can stay good longer. One day, GM food may be able to grow in dry land in Africa. It will feed people who do not have much food.

But there is a lot we do not know about GM food. Will GM companies help poor people grow food? Or do GM companies just want to get rich? Does GM food kill bugs we need, like butterflies? Does GM food make birds sick? Does GM food make people sick? We do not know. There have not been many tests on GM food.

Do you think farmers should grow GM food?

The tomato is from South America. When the tomato came to Europe, people did not eat it. Doctors said it would make them sick. So people just grew tomatoes because they looked nice.

Now people from all over the world eat tomatoes. Tomatoes are used in sauce, soup, juice, salsa, and ketchup. The tomato is very good for you. Only a tomato leaf or stem will make you sick.

People do odd things with tomatoes. People grow tomatoes in space. There is a big tomato fight every year in Spain. A long time ago, people would toss a bad tomato when they saw a show they did not like.

In Canada, many tomatoes are grown on big farms. The farms bring in poor people from far away to help grow tomatoes. Without these workers, the farms could not run. But the workers do not get much money. Canada does not let the workers stay here. Many people say this is not fair.

Most farms pick tomatoes before they are ripe. They last longer this way. But these tomatoes do not taste as good. So lots of people grow their own tomatoes.

• Tomato seeds
• A big pot (50 cm deep)
• Potting soil (many big food shops sell this)
• A window

Fill the pot with potting soil. Pack the soil down a little bit. Put a seed on top of the soil. Add a bit more soil on top.

Add water. The soil must always be a bit wet. Seeds like to be warm. Put your pot in a warm place. It does not need sun yet.

The plant will grow above the soil. Put the plant by a window. The plant needs four hours of sun a day. You can tie the stem to a stick to help the plant stay up. Always keep the soil a bit wet.

Pick the tomatoes when they are the same red colour top to bottom. Enjoy!

A man named Randy liked to hunt trees. He looked for big trees and old trees. He made maps to show where these trees were. He did not want to cut them down. He wanted people to take care of them.

Randy was told of a very tall tree on Vancouver Island. The tree was said to be 314 feet tall. That would make it the tallest tree in Canada. Randy set out to find the tree.

But someone else found it first. It was found by a logger. Loggers wanted to cut down Canada’s tallest tree and all the trees around it.

Randy made a path in the forest so people could see the tall tree. The tree was so big and beautiful it would fill them with awe. More and more people wanted to save that forest. Thanks to these people, that forest is now a park. Canada’s tallest tree is still there.

There may still be a bigger tree out there. Maybe you will find it. But there are only a few old forests left in BC. Many are still at risk of being cut down.

A New Flower

• My grandma by skeeze is in the Public Domain.
• One day by Yeongkyu is in the Public Domain.
• Back home is by Shantel Ivits and is used under a CC BY 4.0 Licence.
• But today is by Shantel Ivits and is used under a CC BY 4.0 Licence.
• My friend by Leo Rey is used under a CC BY 2.0 Licence.
• Back home, men hunt by jackmac34 is in the Public Domain.
• Back home, men fish by LoveToTakePhotos is in the Public Domain.
• Back home, men farm by PublicDomainImages is in the Public Domain.
• But back home by teacherr31 is in the Public Domain.
• She takes is by Shantel Ivits and is used under a CC BY 4.0 Licence.
• She hopes is by Shantel Ivits and is used under a CC BY 4.0 Licence.

The Sack Garden

Val's Garden

GM Food

• It is hard by United Soybean Board is used under a CC BY 2.0 Licence.
• What is GM food by felixioncool is in the Public Domain.
• Some GM food by Don Graham is used under a CC BY-SA 3.0 Licence.
• But there by Rosalee Yagihara is used under a CC BY 2.0 Licence.
• Do you think by U.S. Department of Agriculture is used under a CC BY 2.0 Licence.

Tomatoes

• The tomato by Jane is used under a CC BY 2.0 Licence.
• Now people by Hector Alejandro is used under a CC BY 2.0 Licence.
• People do odd by Diariocritico de Venezuela is used under a CC BY 2.0 Licence.
• In Canada by U.S. Department of Agriculture is used under a CC BY 2.0 Licence.
• Most farms by Suzette is used under a CC BY 2.0 Licence.

Grow Your Own Tomatoes

• Tomatoes that you by Avi is used under a CC BY 2.0 Licence.
• Fill the pot by Carol VanHook is used under a CC BY 2.0 Licence.
• Add water by stux is in the Public Domain.
• The plant will grow by Adam Raoof is used under a CC BY 2.0 Licence.
• Pick the tomatoes by Procsilas Moscas is used under a CC BY 2.0 Licence.

Canada's Largest Tree

• A man named by Unsplash is in the Public Domain.
• Randy was told by Ademoor is used under a CC BY 2.5 Licence.
• But someone else by macinate is used under a CC BY 2.0 Licence.
• Randy made by Adam Walker is used under a CC BY-SA 3.0 Licence.
• There may still is in the Public Domain.

Arctic Plants

• Some plants by distelpics is in the Public Domain.
• Way up in the arctic by Doc Searls is used under a CC BY 2.0 Licence.
• Summer comes by Mike Beauregard is used under a CC BY 2.0 Licence.
• Arctic moss by Kitty Terwolbeck is used under a CC BY 2.0 Licence.
• Arctic plants stay together by Madhav Pai is used under a CC BY 2.0 Licence.
• In other places by Alexandre Lavrov is used under a CC BY 2.0 Licence.
• The sun by Ansgar Walk is used under a CC BY-SA 3.0 Licence.
• Yes, there is by Ruhrfisch is used under a CC BY-SA 3.0 Licence.

How to Download

1. Open the playlist: BC Reads: Reader 1 Audiobook
2. Click the title of the video or audio that you want to download, which will open up a page with a media player.
3. Find the "Download" tab underneath the media player.
4. Click the download icon (see the below screenshot).

Some plants grow in land that is rich. Some plants grow where there is a lot of sun. These plants do very well. But there is something beautiful about plants that grow against the odds.

Way up in the arctic, the land is cold and hard. The winter is long and dark. But the arctic plants find a way to get by.

Summer comes for just a few weeks. The ice turns to water. Plants begin to grow.

Arctic moss grows on the land. It adds a bit of heat so that other plants can grow, too.

Arctic plants stay together. When they stay together, the cold winds are not so bad.

In other places, trees try to grow to the sky. But they would not last in the arctic. So the arctic willow is not like the other trees. The arctic willow grows on its side. It grows along the land. This may be odd, but it works.

The sun is out all day and all night. But the sun will go away soon. So the arctic poppy always looks on the bright side. The arctic poppy always faces the sun.

Yes, there is something beautiful about plants that grow against the odds.

Ways to Read This Textbook

• Online webbook. You can read this textbook online on a computer or mobile device in one of the following browsers: Chrome, Firefox, Edge, and Safari.
• PDF. You can download this book as a PDF to read on a computer (Digital PDF) or print it out (Print PDF). The PDF files have a large font size to make reading easier.
• Mobile. If you want to read this textbook on your phone or tablet, you can use the EPUB (eReader) file.
• HTML. An HTML file can be opened in a browser. It has very little style so it doesn't look very nice, but some people might find it useful.

Tips for Using This Textbook

• Search the textbook.
  • If using the online webbook, you can use the search bar in the top right corner to search the entire book for a key word or phrase. To search a specific chapter, open that chapter and use your browser's search feature by hitting [Cntr] + [f] on your keyboard if using a Windows computer or [Command] + [f] if using a Mac computer.
  • The [Cntr] + [f] and [Command] + [f] keys will also allow you to search a PDF, HTML, and EPUB files if you are reading them on a computer.
  • If using an eBook app to read this textbook, the app should have a built-in search tool.
• Navigate the textbook.
  • This textbook has a table of contents to help you navigate through the book easier. If using the online webbook, you can find the full table of contents on the book's homepage or by selecting "Contents" from the top menu when you are in a chapter.
• Annotate the textbook.
  • If you like to highlight or write on your textbooks, you can do that by getting a print copy, using the Digital PDF in Adobe Reader, or using the highlighting tools in eReader apps.

Known Accessibility Issues and Areas for Improvement

Let Us Know if You are Having Problems Accessing This Book

• The name of the textbook
• The location of the problem by providing a web address or page description.
• A description of the problem
• The computer, software, browser, and any assistive technology you are using that can help us diagnose and solve your issue (e.g., Windows 10, Google Chrome (Version 65.0.3325.181), NVDA screen reader)

• Web form: BCcampus OpenEd Help
• Web form: Report an Error