Module 1: Ethical and Legal Considerations
Tri-Council Policy Statement
When working with Indigenous Peoples, it is vital to approach research with ethical sensitivity and legal awareness.
How do we do this?
Learner notes
We begin by introducing the Tri-Council Policy Statement—more specifically, Chapter 9: Research Involving the First Nations, Inuit and Métis Peoples of Canada.
Working with Indigenous communities often requires thoughtful considerations, as spotlighted by the following quotes from Chapter 9 of the Tri-Council Policy Statement: Ethical Conduct for Research Involving Humans:
“Research involving Indigenous peoples in Canada has been defined and carried out primarily by non-Indigenous researchers. The approaches used have not generally reflected Indigenous worldviews, and the research has not necessarily benefited Indigenous Peoples or communities. As a result, Indigenous Peoples continue to regard research, particularly research originating outside their communities, with a certain apprehension or mistrust.”
Learner notes
Historically, research has been done on or to Indigenous Peoples, but not with them and certainly not with free, prior, and informed consent.
“The landscape of research involving Indigenous Peoples is rapidly changing. Growing numbers of First Nations, Inuit and Métis scholars are contributing to research as academics and community researchers. Communities are becoming better informed about the risks and benefits of research. Technological developments allowing rapid distribution of information are presenting both opportunities and challenges regarding the governance of information.”
Learner notes
It is important to understand that someone researching a culture, who is not a part of the group, will not be able to fully understand the cultural epistemological beliefs. This is knowledge that comes from lived experience versus research. Indigenous scholars want to honour and highlight their Indigenous Traditional Knowledges by leading this work.
Self-determination also applies to Indigenous communities consenting to have research done after they weigh the risks and rewards.
“Building reciprocal, trusting relationships will take time…
…respectful relationships, collaboration and engagement between researchers and participants may also be an important source of guidance for research involving other distinct communities. The need to respect a community’s cultural traditions, customs and codes of practice may extend beyond First Nations, Inuit and Métis communities.”
Learner notes
As you dive into this module and the course as a whole, you will see the terms “reciprocal,” “trusting,” “relationships,” and “collaboration.” These are common themes when wishing to engage with Indigenous Peoples.
Source and recommended reading: Tri-Council Policy Statement: Ethical Conduct for Research Involving Humans – TCPS 2 (2022) – Chapter 9: Research Involving the First Nations, Inuit and Métis Peoples of Canada