Unit 3: Wild BC
The Journey of the Salmon
Click play on the following audio player to listen along as you read this section.
For many First Nations people in British Columbia, the salmon is a symbol of trusting your senses and working hard at your goals. Salmon sense the right time to leave the sea. Starting in the fall, they swim thousands of kilometres to return to the same place where they were born. It is a difficult journey. They must swim upriver. They must leap up waterfalls. They must avoid bears and eagles. If they are lucky, they make it back to the place where they were born. They turn bright red to show that they are ready to mate. The female digs a nest. Then she lays thousands of eggs. The male puts sperm on the eggs at the same time. Both of the salmon die soon after.
Only a few of the eggs hatch. The young salmon leave the nest after a couple of days. They swim downriver to the sea. On the way, the bears and eagles are a threat once more. Many salmon do not make it to the sea. Those that do make it live in the ocean until they are about four years old. Then they return to their birthplace, just like their parents did. The amazing cycle of life continues.
Scientists do not know how salmon are able to find their way to their birthplace. Some say they can smell their way back.
Birds, bears, and even trees depend on the salmon. Dead salmon left on the forest floor by animals act like food for the trees. Salmon is also a traditional food for many First Nations people in British Columbia. They have fished salmon from the rivers and oceans since the beginning of time. Some communities hold a ceremony to welcome the salmon as they return to their birthplaces.
In recent years, people have started building salmon fish farms. Fish farmers drop nets and cages into the ocean. They fill the nets and cages with salmon. They raise the salmon for food. Fish farmers say that fish farms are good for people and good for the earth. Fish farms are keeping wild salmon safe from overfishing. Fish farms are making jobs for people.
But some people say that fish farms are bad for the earth. Fish farms are spreading sea lice. The drugs that fish farmers give the salmon are doing harm to other sea life. Finally, many seals and sea lions are getting stuck in the nets of fish farms and drowning.
Fish farms are a hot topic in British Columbia. Some First Nations communities may have found an answer. A few communities are building fish farms on land, rather than in the ocean. They are using closed tanks, rather than nets and cages. This may be a way to protect the earth and make money at the same time.
Word Patterns
An r-controlled syllable is a syllable that has a vowel followed by the letter r. The r changes the vowel sound. The vowel sound is neither short nor long.
Read these words:
- her
- bird
- burn
The –er, –ir, and –ur in the middle of these words all make the same sound. That means there are three ways to spell this sound: -er, -ir, and -ur. The –er is the most common. Examples of these sounds in this story are below:
- first
- return
- were
- upriver or rivers
- waterfalls
- turn
- sperm
- downriver
- birthplace
- farmers
- birds
- overfishing
- answer
- rather
The letters –ar can make many sounds. For now, think of their sound as the one you hear in the word car. Examples of this sound in this story are:
- starting or started
- farms
- farmers
- harm
The letters –or can also make many sounds. For now, think of their sound as the one you hear in horn. Examples in this story are:
- born
- forest
Media Attributions
- Chinook Salmon © Pacific Northwest National Laboratory – PNNL is licensed under a CC BY-NC-SA (Attribution NonCommercial ShareAlike) license
- Salmon_newborn © OpenCage is licensed under a CC BY-SA (Attribution ShareAlike) license
- Chena Village: smokehouse © Diane Cordell is licensed under a CC BY-ND (Attribution NoDerivatives) license
- Fish_cages © Thomas Bjørkan is licensed under a CC BY-SA (Attribution ShareAlike) license
- Shrimp_hatchery © National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration is licensed under a Public Domain license