Write … and More
24 Resources: Search and Find
There are literally millions of educational resources — photos, illustrations, videos and film, audio clips, courses, articles, research — that have been released with an open-copyright licence or are in the public domain and available to open textbook authors and publishers. Below are online libraries, projects, directories, repositories, and websites where you will find both individual objects and full resources. If you have difficulty finding what you need, be creative and look for the desired item — photo, graphic, video — in an article from one of the many open academic journals or an open textbook. Another trick is to use several synonyms when searching for a hard-to-find resource.
Many sources contain items that range in user permissions from no copyright (e.g., in the public domain) to CC licences to all rights reserved. Make it your practice to check every resource’s licence or permissions before adding it to your open textbook. User rights have been noted beside some of the below sources.
Chapter table of contents
Mixed collections (open and restricted materials)
Libraries, museums, and book collections
- Audio
- Courses, lectures, and lessons
- Games and interactive simulations
- Images: charts, clip art, graphs, icons, photos, symbols, vectors
- Maps
- Open academic journals
- Videos and film
Canadian collections
- Canadian Museum of Nature: Collection data are available under a CC BY licence. Images are available under a CC BY-NC licence.
- cIRcle: This OER repository is from the University of British Columbia. Each item is individually marked with copyright permissions.
- Images Canada: See Terms and Conditions for information about usage
- Library and Archives Canada: See Terms and Conditions for information about usage
- Open Collections: Check each item used in this collection, from the University of British Columbia, as permissions vary
- Project Gutenberg – Canada: Books that are in the public domain in Canada
- SOL*R (Shareable Online Learning Resources): Higher education and government material from British Columbia and released under CC licences
Mixed collections (open and restricted materials)
Creative Commons (CC)
- Content Directories: A list of organizations and projects released with CC licences
- CC Search: Images from multiple repositories.
Flickr
- Flickr – advanced search: Limit search to CC licensed materials only
- Flickr: Internet Archive Book Images: Check each item for permissions
- The Commons: Found on Flickr in partnership with The Library of Congress. Participants are cultural heritage institutions who share publicly held photography collections. There are “no known copyright restrictions” on the photographs in this collection. See Rights Statement for more information.
- Google – advanced search: Limit search to CC licensed materials only
Government
Canadian government websites
Most government of Canada websites and publications are covered by the open government licence. Here is an example of the Statistics Canada data licence
Source: Statistics Canada, name of product, reference date. Reproduced and distributed on an “as is” basis with the permission of Statistics Canada
However, when using a resource from a Canadian government website or publication, always check the Terms of Use, Copyright, or similar page for details.
Often, images and other resources from a Canadian government website stipulates that the reused image or resource not be used for commercial purposes. If this is the case, then add this line to your attribution statement: “This image cannot be used for commercial purposes.”
U.S. government websites
Generally, the information and images found on U.S. government websites are in the public domain. However, when using a resource from a U.S. government website, always check the Terms of Use, Copyright, or similar page for details.
Libraries, museums, and book collections
Also see open academic journals and repositories.
- British Library: Check each item for permissions
- eBooks and Texts Archive: This website lists dozens of collections that contain free academic books, fiction and popular books, children’s books, and historical texts. Check each book for permissions before using.
- Europeana Collections: Digital resources of Europe’s museums, libraries, archives and audio-visual collections. Rights vary by item. For an overview of this collection, see Terms and Policies.
- Hathi Trust Digital Library: Many items are in the public domain, but some copyrighted items have restricted rights. Check each item before using. The advanced full-text search allows searching by year of publication.
- Library and Archives Canada: See Terms and Conditions for information about usage
- MusOpen: Resources for teachers and students such as royalty free music and sheet music
- National Science Digital Library
- Petrucci Music Library: Public domain music recordings and scores
- Project Gutenberg: Books that are in the public domain in the U.S. or U.S. copyrighted titles, for which the copyright holder has given permission for unlimited non-commercial worldwide use
- Project Gutenberg – Canada: Books that are in the public domain in Canada
Subject-specific collections
Art, culture, and history
- British Library: Check each item for permissions
- Library and Archives Canada: See Terms and Conditions for information about usage
- Metropolitan Museum of Art: Read the Met’s Open Access Policy.
- Museum of New Zealand: Images available for reuse under a CC BY-NC-ND License.
- New Old Stock: Vintage images
- Old Book Illustrations
- Public Domain Review: An online journal of works from the history of art, literature, and ideas
- Smithsonian: Free Sackler Gallery (images)
- Viintage: Vintage graphics in the public domain
- Wellcome Images: Images of current and historic human culture
Broadcasting
- Al Jazeera English: Quality footage of comprehensive news reports and debate; openly licensed as stated under their Terms and Conditions
Music and audio
- Audio Archive
- ccMixter
- Creative Commons suggestions
- Free Music Archive
- Free Sound
- Jamendo
- Juke Deck (archived)
- MusOpen: Royalty free music including sheet music, and resources for teachers and students
- Open Music Library
- Opsound (archived)
- Petrucci Music Library: Public domain music recordings and scores
- SoundCloud
Science and health
- BioMed Central: Open access biology and medical journals. Figures and graphs in articles are CC licensed and available for reuse.
- Bioscience Image Library: From Berkshire Community College
- Canadian Museum of Nature: Collection data are available under a CC BY licence. Images are available under a CC BY-NC Licence.
- Encyclopedia of Life (EOL)
- Morphbank: Biology images
- NASA Images
- National Science Digital Library
- PhET interactive simulations: Math and science simulations from the University of Colorado
- PLOS (Public Library of Science)
- PubMed Central (PMC) Open-Access Subset: Search within journals marked with the OA symbol in the “Free Access” column for freely available articles
- Science Image
- Wisc Online: Images from Wisconsin’s Technical Colleges
Type of resource
Audio
See Music and Audio
Courses, lectures, and lessons
- Open Learning Initiative: From Carnegie Mellon University
- Khan Academy
- MIT YouTube channel
- MIT OpenCourseWare (OCW)
- Open Course Library
- Open Education Consortium – Courses
- Open Yale Courses
- Saylor Academy
- webcast.berkeley: From the University of California, Berkeley
- Wisc Online: Basic Computer Skills course: From Wisconsin’s Technical Colleges
Games and interactive simulations
- PhET interactive simulations: Math and science simulations from the University of Colorado
- Play games and build games: Wisc Online from Wisconsin’s Technical Colleges
Images: charts, clip art, graphs, icons, photos, symbols, vector images
- Bing: Photos and videos
- Doodle Icons: Icons in the public domain
- Foodies Feed: Food photos in the public domain
- Gratisography: Photos in the public domain
- IM Free: Photos, vector images, and videos
- Images Canada: See copyright page for info about licences
- Inkscape: Professional vectors graphic editor, open source
- ISO Republic: Photos, vector images, and videos
- New Old Stock: Vintage images
- Noun Project, The: Icons and symbols
- Old Book Illustrations
- Open Clip Art Library
- Picjumbo: Photos
- Picography: Photos
- Pixabay: Photos and clip art
- Public Domain Vectors
- Startup Stock Photos
- Superfamous Studios: Images
- Travel Coffee Book: Travel photos
- Unsplash: Photos
- Viintage: Vintage graphics in the public domain
- Wellcome Images: Images of current and historic human culture
- Wikimedia Commons: Photos, images, charts, and graphs
- Wikipedia: Look for photos within articles
Maps
Open academic journals
- Bio Med Central (BMC) journals: High quality peer-reviewed journals including broad interest titles such as BMC Biology and BMC Medicine, specialist journals such as Malaria Journal and Microbiome. Check each publication to ensure it’s open access.
- DOAJ (Directory of Open Access Journals): Community-curated online directory that indexes and provides access to high quality, open access, peer-reviewed journals
- IRRODL (The International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning): A refereed, open access e-journal that disseminates original research, theory, and best practice in open and distributed learning worldwide, and based at Athabasca University in Alberta
- Open Praxis: A peer-reviewed open access scholarly journal focusing on research and innovation in open, distance and flexible education. It is published by the International Council for Open and Distance Education – ICDE.
- PLOS (Public Library of Science): A nonprofit organization with the goal of accelerating progress in science and medicine
- Public Domain Review: An online journal of works from the history of art, literature, and ideas
Videos and film
- Al Jazeera English: Quality footage of comprehensive news reports and debate that are openly licensed as stated under their Terms and Conditions
- Bing: Photos and videos
- IM Free: Photos, vector images, and videos
- ISO Republic: Photos, vector images, and videos
- Moving Image Archive: Movies, films, and videos
- TED talks (Technology, Entertainment, Design): These presentations are released with the CC BY-NC-ND Licence
- Vimeo
- YouTube: Include CC BY when searching for videos. Items with a”Standard YouTube Licence” (covered in their Terms of Service) are not open. See YouTube’s article on how to add a CC licence to a video.
Repositories
- Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE): Thousands of academic OER in a variety of languages
- cIRcle: This OER repository is from the University of British Columbia. Each item is individually marked with copyright permissions.
- Connexions: A repository of open educational resources started by OpenStax where faculty, students, and others can view and share these items
- Internet Archive: Wayback Machine: A digital archive of the World Wide Web and other information on the Internet. Do not assume that items are in the public domain or openly licensed.
- MERLOT (Multimedia Educational Resource for Learning and Online Teaching): A curated collection of free and open online teaching, learning, and faculty development services contributed and used by an international education community.
- OAlster database: Catalog of millions of OER
- OER Commons: A public digital library of open educational resources launched by ISKME — the Institute for the Study of Knowledge Management in Education — in 2007
- Open DOAR (Directory of Open Access Repositories): Quality-controlled list of academic open access repositories
- Open Education Europa (archived): OER offered in a variety of languages for the European teaching community
- SOL*R (Shareable Online Learning Resources): Higher education and government material from British Columbia and released under CC licences
- Wikiversity: Learning resources, learning projects, and research