Chapter 10. This is the Modern World

10.1 Introduction

Two young men in military uniforms pose in a photo studio. Each has a cat on his shoulder.
Figure 10.1 The 20th century produced a greater visual record than any earlier era. From flash powder exploding in studios (such as the one shown above) to miniaturized digital cameras, from silent motion pictures to “talkies” to satellite photography, photographic technology has made it possible for us to have an occasional and unguarded glimpse of people in the past.

is the term given to a constellation of behaviours, values, and beliefs associated with the industrial, urban era. This term is associated with challenges to traditional values and ways of looking at the world and is often used in connection with 20th-century artworks, literature, and architecture. In some respects, the term is a shorthand for the 19th-century break with traditional oligarchy and feudal authority; the rise of nation-states and democratic society (with its emphasis on the rights of the individual); changes in the life-course (including the emergence of childhood as a period of dependence, predominance of nuclear rather than extended families,  later first marriages, and falling fertility rates); and enthusiasm for public spectacle (such as vaudeville, movies, spectator sports, and even religious revivals). Modernity was also stamped upon gender roles and ideals of both womanhood and manhood. Science, technology, innovation, and professionalization are other facets of modernity, as is the widespread belief in progress and, implicitly optimism.

This chapter explores several themes and aspects of modernity that are now so interwoven with the fabric of life in Canada as to be almost invisible. At one time, however, they were revolutionary, or nearly so.

Learning Objectives

  • Provide working definitions of modernity and modernism.
  • Identify the forces behind modernization, its constraints, and its opponents.
  • Describe the connections between modernism, secularism, and organized religion.
  • Assess the impact of modern values on gender roles and family households.
  • Account for changes in the experience of childhood and adolescence.
  • Outline developments in the arts, media, sports, and popular culture.

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Canadian History: Post-Confederation by John Douglas Belshaw is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, except where otherwise noted.

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