Canada

Edited by Lauri Aesoph

Research and Reports

13 Canada

Last update: Jun 20/24

Access codes/assessment platforms

UBC Senate endorses principles for digital learning materials used for assessment – May 24, 2019 (Open UBC, Christina Hendricks)

Adoption

Barker J., Jeffery, K., Jhangiani, R.S., Veletsianos, G. (2018). Eight patterns of open textbook adoption in British Columbia The International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning, 19(3). http://www.irrodl.org/index.php/irrodl/article/view/3723/4641

Carey, T., Davis, A., Ferreras, S., Porter, D. (2015). Using open educational practices to support institutional strategic excellence in teach, learning & scholarship. Open Praxis, 7(2). http://dx.doi.org/10.5944/openpraxis.7.2.201

Hendricks, C., Reinsberg, S.A., Rieger, G.W. (2017). The adoption of an open textbook in a large Physics course: An analysis of cost, outcomes, use and perceptions. The International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning, 18(4). https://doi.org/10.19173/irrodl.v18i4.3006

Jhangiani, R. S., & Jhangiani, S. (2017). Investigating the perceptions, use, and impact of open textbooks: A survey of post-secondary students in British Columbia. The International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning, 18(4). https://doi.org/10.19173/irrodl.v18i4.3012

McGreal, R., Anderson, T., & Conrad, D. (2015). Open educational resources in Canada. International Journal of Open Educational Resources, 16(5). http://www.irrodl.org/index.php/irrodl/article/view/2404/3421

McKerlich, R. C., Ives, C., & McGreal, R. (2013). Measuring use and creation of open educational resources in higher education. The International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning, 14(4). https://doi.org/10.19173/irrodl.v14i4.1573

Onalfo, D. (2016). Alternate academy: Investigating the use of open educational resources by students at the University of Lagos in Nigeria. Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository, 4086. https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/etd/4086

Advocacy

Annand, D., Jensen, T. (2017). Incentivizing the production and use of open educational resources in higher education institutions. The International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning, 18(4). https://doi.org/10.19173/irrodl.v18i4.3009

Harrison, M., & DeVries, I. (2019). Open educational practices advocacy: The instructional designer experience. Canadian Journal of Learning and Technology, 45(3). https://doi.org/10.21432/cjlt27881

Jhangiani, R.S. (2017). Pragmatism vs. idealism and the identity crisis of OER advocacy. Open Praxis, 9(2). http://dx.doi.org/10.5944/openpraxis.9.2.569

Courses

Christiansen, E., & McNally, M. (2022). Examining the technological and pedagogical elements of select open courseware. First Monday, 27(10). https://doi.org/10.5210/fm.v27i10.11639

Hill, P. (2019). State of higher ed LMS market for US and Canada: 2019 mid-year edition. Phil on Ed Tech. https://philonedtech.com/state-of-higher-ed-lms-market-for-us-and-canada-2019-mid-year-edition/

Debt

Maritime Provinces Higher Education Commission. (2018, September). Borrowing to Finance University Education: Class of 2014. Trends in Maritime Higher Education, 15(2).

Press release (September 19, 2018): Maritime Provinces Higher Education Commission – Maritime student debt situation sees improvements

The Case for Renewal in Post-Secondary Education – March 16, 2017 (paper from Canadian Centre for Policy Alternatives)

Statistics Canada. (2020, August 25). Half of recent postsecondary graduates had student debt prior to the pandemic. The Daily. https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/daily-quotidien/200825/dq200825b-eng.htm?utm_source=Academica+Top+Ten&utm_campaign=c7e847934a-EMAIL_CAMPAIGN_2020_08_25_05_38&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_b4928536cf-c7e847934a-51529649

Student debt crisis – A generation buried in student debt. (2018). Annual Bankruptcy Study. Hoyes Michalos. https://www.hoyes.com/press/joe-debtor/the-student-debtor/

Efficacy and student outcomes

Hendricks, C., Reinsberg, S.A., Rieger, G.W. (2017). The adoption of an open textbook in a large physics course: An analysis of cost, outcomes, use and perceptions. The International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning, 18(4). https://doi.org/10.19173/irrodl.v18i4.3006

Equity, diversity, inclusion (EDI)

Sator, A., & Williams. H. (2020). Removing barriers to online learning through a teaching and learning lens. Sponsored by BCcampus. https://bccampus.ca/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Report_Removing-Barriers-to-Online-Learning.pdf

Accessible Admissions: Fostering Equitable, Accessible, and Inclusive Admissions through Disability Justice – British Columbia Council on Admissions and Transfer (BCCAT) – November 28, 2023

Funding

Lariviere, V., Sugimoto, C.R. (2018). Do authors comply when funders enforce open access to research? Nature, 562, 483-486. https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-018-07101-w

This research includes Canadian information so is included in this section.

General

Canadian Digital Learning Research Association

Johnson, N., Donovan, T., Seaman, J., & Bates, T. (2019). Canadian National Survey of Online and Digital Learning, Global Online Learning Summit, Toronto, October 8-10, 2019. Canadian Digital Learning Research Association. https://onlinelearningsurveycanada.ca/download/768/
2018 publications on online learning and open education

Daniel, J.S. (2019). Open universities: Old concepts and contemporary challenges. The International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning, 20(4). http://www.irrodl.org/index.php/irrodl/article/view/4035/5166

DeVries, I.J. (2019). Open universities and open educational practices. International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning, 20(4). https://doi.org/10.19173/irrodl.v20i4.4215

Weller, M., Jordan, K., DeVries, I., & Rolfe, V. (2018). Mapping the open education landscape: citation network analysis of historical open and distance education research. Open Praxis, 10(2), 109-126. doi:10.5944/openpraxis.10.2.822

Homework systems

d’Entremont, A. (2018). Student preference between single-box and multi-box homework problem answers using WeBWorK, an online homework system. Proceedings of the Canadian Engineering Education Association (CEEA) Conference. June 3-6, 2018, Vancouver, BC. https://doi.org/10.24908/pceea.v0i0.13101

Lee, J.S., Verrett J. (2018). WeBWorK as an open online homework system in a second-year material and energy balances course. Proceedings of the Canadian Engineering Education Association (CEEA) Conference. June 3-6, 2018, Vancouver, BC. https://doi.org/10.24908/pceea.v0i0.13047

Inclusive access

Also see Access codes/assessment platforms on this page.

Instructional designers

Harrison, M., & DeVries, I. (2019). Open educational practices advocacy: The instructional designer experience. Canadian Journal of Learning and Technology, 45(3). https://doi.org/10.21432/cjlt27881

Journals

Also see Platforms on this page.

Gillis R. (ed) (2019). Getting found, staying found, increasing impact: Enhancing readership and preserving content for OJS journals, Second Edition. PKP/SFU: Vancouver, B.C. https://docs.pkp.sfu.ca/getting-found-staying-found/en/

Legislation

Dewhurst, D., Keyes, J.M., Zariski, A. (2013). Open educational resources for professionals: A new era in the training and development of legislative counsel. International Journal of E-Learning & Distance Education (IJEDE), 27(2). http://ijede.ca/index.php/jde/article/view/837/1503

Libraries

Smith, B., & Lee, L. (2017). Librarians and OER: Cultivating a community of practice to be more effective advocates. Journal Of Library & Information Services In Distance Learning, 11(1), 106-122. doi:10.1080/1533290X.2016.1226592

CARL/ABRC. (2014, Sept 8). Open textbooks: opportunities for research libraries: Working paper presented to the CARL Committee on Research Dissemination. (PDF.) Canadian Association or Research Libraries/Association des bibliotheques de recherche du Canad.

Open educational practices (OEP)

Annand, D., Jensen, T. (2017). Incentivizing the production and use of open educational resources in higher education institutions. The International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning, 18(4). https://doi.org/10.19173/irrodl.v18i4.3009

CARL Open Education Working Group’s Environmental Scan Subgroup. (2020). Environmental scan of open education service and support in Canada. CARL/ABRC. https://www.carl-abrc.ca/news/oe-environmental-scan-released/?cn-reloaded=1&cn-reloaded=1

Fields, E., & Harper, A. (2020). Opening up information literacy: Empowering students through open pedagogy. Scholarship of Teaching and Learning, Innovative Pedagogy, 2. https://digitalcommons.humboldt.edu/sotl_ip/vol2/iss1/1/#.X1vAGswPk9k

Han, A., Briseño-Garzón, A., Birol, G. (2018). 2018 UBC Teaching Practices Survey. Focus: Open. University of British Columbia. https://open-2017.sites.olt.ubc.ca/files/2018/12/UBCV_Open.pdf

Jhangiani, R.S., Hardin, E.E.,& Beers, M.J. (guest eds). (2019). Open educational practices: Perceptions and outcomes. Psychology Learning & Teaching (special issue). https://doi.org/10.1177/1475725718814354

Jhangiani, R. S., Pitt, R., Hendricks, C., Key, J., & Lalonde, C. (2016). Exploring the use of open educational resources at BC post-secondary institutions. Victoria, BC: BCcampus.

Maultsaid, D., & Harrison, M. (2023). Can Open Pedagogy Encourage Care? Student Perspectives . The International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning, 24(3), 77–98. https://doi.org/10.19173/irrodl.v24i3.6901

Morgan, T. (2019). Getting to open at a closed institution; A case study of evoling and sustaining open education practices. Journal of Learning for Development, 6(3). https://jl4d.org/index.php/ejl4d/article/view/346

Morgan, T. (2019). Instructional designers and open education practices: Negotiating the gap between intentional and operational agency. Open Praxis, 11(4). http://dx.doi.org/10.5944/openpraxis.11.4.1011

Morgan, T., Childs, E., Hendricks, C., Harrison, M., DeVries, I., & Jhangiani, R. (2021). How are we doing with open education practice initiatives? Applying an Institutional Self-Assessment Tool in five higher education institutions. The International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning, 22(4), 125-140. https://doi.org/10.19173/irrodl.v22i4.5745

Paskevicius, M. & Irvine, V. (2019). Practicalities of implementing open pedagogy in higher education. Smart Learn. Environ. 6, 23. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40561-019-0110-5

Paskevicius, M. & Irvine, V. (2019). Open education and learning design: Open pedagogy in Praxis. Journal of Interactive Media in Education, (1), p.10. http://doi.org/10.5334/jime.512

Paskevicius, M. (2017). Conceptualizing open educational practices through the lens of constructive alignment, Open Praxis, 9(2). http://dx.doi.org/10.5944/openpraxis.9.2.519

Seid-Karbasi, P., Ye, W.C., Zhang, A.W., Gladish, N., Cheng, S.Y.S., Rothe, K., Pilsworth, J.A., Kang, M.A., et al. (2017). CuboCube: Student creation of a cancer genetics e-textbook using open-access software for social learning. PLoS Biology, 15 (3) , art. no. e2001192. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.2001192

Veletsianos, G. (2015). A case study of scholars’ open and sharing practices. Open Praxis, 7(3), 199–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.5944/openpraxis.7.3.206

Open educational resources (OER)

Open Educational Resources: Global Report 2017 – October 17, 2017

DeVries, I. (2013). Evaluating open education resources: Lessons learned. Procedia – Social and Behavioral Sciences, 83(4), 56-60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.06.012

Downes, S. (2019). A look at the future of open educational resources. International Journal of Open Educational Resources, Vol. (2). https://www.ijoer.org/a-look-at-the-future-of-open-educational-resources/

Earle, S. (2019). What students like (and dislike) about open educational resources. BCcampus. https://bccampus.ca/2019/03/12/what-students-like-and-dislike-about-open-educational-resources/#_ftnref1

Fields, E. (2018). Intersections of open pedagogy and critical information literacy: A case study. BCcampus. https://bccampus.ca/2018/11/27/intersections-of-open-pedagogy-and-critical-information-literacy-a-case-study/

Hendricks, C. (2015). Teaching and learning philosophy in the open. American Association of Philosophy Teachers, Studies in Pedagogy, 1, 17-32. DOI: 10.5840/aaptstudies20159162 https://philpapers.org/archive/HENTAL-3.pdf

Ives, C., & Pringle, M. M. (2013). Moving to open educational resources at Athabasca University: A case study. The International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning, 14(2), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.19173/irrodl.v14i2.1534

Joseph, K., Guy, J., & McNally, M.B. (2019). Toward a critical approach for OER: A case study in removing the ‘big five’ from OER creation. Open Praxis, 11(4). http://dx.doi.org/10.5944/openpraxis.11.4.1020

Lapum, J. L., St-Amant, O. M., Verkuyl, M., Garcia, W., Tan, A., Freeman, W., & Savicevic, N. (2020). Designing open access, educational resources / Développer des ressources éducatives en libre accès. Quality Advancement in Nursing Education – Avancées en formation infirmière, 5(2), Article 7. https://doi.org/10.17483/2368-6669.1193

McNally, M.B., & Christiansen, E.G. (2019). Open enough? Eight factors to consider when transitioning from closed to open resources and courses: A conceptual framework. First Monday, 24(6). http://dx.doi.org/10.5210/fm.v24i6.9180

Stracke, C.M., Downes, S., Conole, G., Burgos, D., & Nascimbeni, F. (2019). Are MOOCs open educational resources? A literature review on history, definitions and typologies of OER and MOOCs. Open Praxis, 11(4). http://dx.doi.org/10.5944/openpraxis.11.4.1010

Open textbooks

Earle, S. (2019). What students like (and dislike) about open educational resources. BCcampus. https://bccampus.ca/2019/03/12/what-students-like-and-dislike-about-open-educational-resources/#_ftnref1

Jhangiani, R. S., Dastur, F. N., LeGrand, R., & Penner, K. (2018). As good or better than commercial textbooks: Students’ perceptions and outcomes from using open digital and open print textbooks. The Canadian Journal for the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning, 9(1). https://doi.org/10.5206/cjsotl-rcacea.2018.1.5

Open universities

Shale, D. (1987). Innovation in International Higher Education: The Open Universities. International Journal of E-Learning & Distance Education (IJEDE), 2(1): 7-24. http://ijede.ca/index.php/jde/article/view/310/204

Paying for OER

Stacey, P. (2013). Government support for open educational resources: Policy, funding, and strategies. The International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning, 14(2), 67-80. https://doi.org/10.19173/irrodl.v14i2.1537

Perception/attitude/awareness

Hendricks, C., Reinsberg, S.A., Rieger, G.W. (2017). The adoption of an open textbook in a large Physics course: An analysis of cost, outcomes, use and perceptions. The International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning, 18(4). https://doi.org/10.19173/irrodl.v18i4.3006

Jhangiani, R. S., & Jhangiani, S. (2017). Investigating the perceptions, use, and impact of open textbooks: A survey of post-secondary students in British Columbia. The International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning, 18(4). https://doi.org/10.19173/irrodl.v18i4.3012

Jhangiani, R. S., Pitt, R., Hendricks, C., Key, J., & Lalonde, C. (2016). Exploring the use of open educational resources at BC post-secondary institutions. Victoria, BC: BCcampus. https://opentextbc.ca/openedinfo/wp-content/uploads/sites/214/2018/10/BCFacultyUseOfOER-final.pdf

Paskevicius, M., Veletsianos, G., & Kimmons, R. (2018). Content is king: An analysis of how the Twitter discourse surrounding open education unfolded from 2009 to 2016. The International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning, 19(1). https://doi.org/10.19173/irrodl.v19i1.3267

Platforms

Maxwell, J.W., Hanson, E., Desai, L., Tiampo, C., O’Donnell, K., Ketheeswaran, A., Sun, M., Walter, E., Michelle, E. (2019). Mind the Gap: A Landscape Analysis of Open Source Publishing Tools and Platforms (1st ed.). https://mindthegap.pubpub.org/

Policy

Skidmore, J., & Provida, M. (2019). A place for policy: The role of policy in supporting open educational resources and practices at Ontario’s colleges and universities [Research report]. https://www.ecampusontario.ca/publications-reports/

Publishers/publishing

Waller, M., Cross, W.M., & Rigling L.S. (2017). The open textbook toolkit: Seeding Successful partnerships for collaboration between academic libraries and university presses. Journal of Scholarly Publishing 49(1), 53-65. University of Toronto Press. doi:10.3138/jsp.49.1.53

Social justice

Bali, M., Cronin, C., & Jhangiani, R. S. (2020). Framing open educational practices from a social justice perspective. Journal of Interactive Media in Education, 2020(1), 10. http://doi.org/10.5334/jime.565

Sustainability

Downes, S. (2007). Models for sustainable open educational resources. Interdisciplinary Journal of Knowledge and Learning Objects, 3, 29-44. https://nrc-publications.canada.ca/eng/view/object/?id=dfac7874-dbe9-40f9-8f06-3212ef05ddf8

Tenure

Alperin, J.P., Nieves, C.M., Schimanski, L.A., Fischman, G.E., Niles, M.T. & McKiernan, A. (2019). Meta-research: How significant are the public dimensions of faculty work in review, promotion and tenure documents? eLife, 8(e42254). https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.42254.001

Textbook costs

Council of Atlantic University Libraries | Conseil des bibliotheques universitaires de l’Atlantique. (2018). Final report of the CAUL-CBUA open textbooks survey working group. Bedford, NS: Smith, A., Brown, G., Doucette, P., Moses, D., Nason, M., & Holt, C. https://caul-cbua.ca/sites/default/files/CAUL-CBUA%20Open%20Textbooks%20Survey%20Working%20Group%20Final%20Report_0.pdf

University of Guelph. (2016). Student textbook survey.

Usher, A. (2015). Data on textbook costs. Higher Education Strategy Associates. http://higheredstrategy.com/data-on-textbook-costs/

Tuition fees