Chapter 9: Radicals
9.8 Radicals of Mixed Index
Knowing that a radical has the same properties as exponents allows conversion of radicals to exponential form and then reduce according to the various rules of exponents is possible. This is shown in the following examples.
Example 9.8.1
Simplify 8√x6y28√x6y2.
First rewrite the radical as a fractional exponent(x6y2)18Multiply all exponentsx6⋅18y2⋅18This yieldsx68y28Reducing this givesx34y14Rewrite as4√x3yFirst rewrite the radical as a fractional exponent(x6y2)18Multiply all exponentsx6⋅18y2⋅18This yieldsx68y28Reducing this givesx34y14Rewrite as4√x3y
Note: In Example 9.8.1, all exponents are reduced by the common factor 2. If there is a common factor in all exponents, reduce by dividing that common factor without having to convert to a different form.
Example 9.8.2
Simplify 24√a6b9c1524√a6b9c15.
For this radical, notice that each exponent has the common factor 3.
The solution is to divide each exponent by 3, which yields 8√a2b3c58√a2b3c5.
When encountering problems where the index of the radicals do not match,convert each radical to individual exponents and use the properties of exponents to combine and then reduce the radicals.
Example 9.8.3
Simplify 3√4x2y⋅4√8xy33√4x2y⋅4√8xy3.
First, convert each radical to a complete exponential form.
This looks like(4x2y)13(8xy3)14Multiply all exponents413x2⋅13y13814x14y3⋅14This yields413x23y13814x14y34Combining like variables leaves413814x23x14y13y34(Note: 413814=22⋅1323⋅14=223234)Accounting for this yields223234x23x14y13y34Reducing this yields223+34x23+14y13+34Which further reduces to21712x1112y1312Reduce this2y⋅2512x1112y112Convert this back into a radical2y(25x11y)112Which leaves 2y12√25x11yThis looks like(4x2y)13(8xy3)14Multiply all exponents413x2⋅13y13814x14y3⋅14This yields413x23y13814x14y34Combining like variables leaves413814x23x14y13y34(Note: 413814=22⋅1323⋅14=223234)Accounting for this yields223234x23x14y13y34Reducing this yields223+34x23+14y13+34Which further reduces to21712x1112y1312Reduce this2y⋅2512x1112y112Convert this back into a radical2y(25x11y)112Which leaves 2y12√25x11y
The strategy of converting all radicals to exponents works for increasingly complex radicals.
Example 9.8.4
Simplify √3x(y+z)⋅3√9x(y+z)2√3x(y+z)⋅3√9x(y+z)2.
First, convert each radical to a complete exponential form.
This looks like312x12(y+z)12913x13(y+z)23(Note: 913=323)Combining like variables leaves312323x12x13(y+z)12(y+z)23Reducing this yields312+23x12+13(y+z)12+23Which further reduces to376x56(y+z)76Reduce this3(y+z)316x56(y+z)16Convert this back into a radical3(y+z)[3x5(y+z)]16Which leaves3(y+z)6√3x5(y+z)This looks like312x12(y+z)12913x13(y+z)23(Note: 913=323)Combining like variables leaves312323x12x13(y+z)12(y+z)23Reducing this yields312+23x12+13(y+z)12+23Which further reduces to376x56(y+z)76Reduce this3(y+z)316x56(y+z)16Convert this back into a radical3(y+z)[3x5(y+z)]16Which leaves3(y+z)6√3x5(y+z)
Questions
Reduce the following radicals. Leave as fractional exponents.
- 8√16x4y68√16x4y6
- 4√9x2y64√9x2y6
- 12√64x4y6z812√64x4y6z8
- 8√25x316x58√25x316x5
- 6√16x9y46√16x9y4
- 15√x9y12z615√x9y12z6
- 12√x6y912√x6y9
- 10√64x8y410√64x8y4
- 8√x6y4z28√x6y4z2
- 4√25y24√25y2
- 9√8x3y69√8x3y6
- 16√81x8y1216√81x8y12
Combine the following radicals. Leave as fractional exponents.
- 3√5√53√5√5
- 3√74√73√74√7
- √x3√7x√x3√7x
- 3√y5√3y3√y5√3y
- √x3√x2√x3√x2
- 4√3x√x44√3x√x4
- 5√x2y√x25√x2y√x2
- √ab5√2a2b2√ab5√2a2b2
- 4√xy23√x2y4√xy23√x2y
- 5√3a2b34√9a2b5√3a2b34√9a2b
- 4√a2bc25√a2b3c4√a2bc25√a2b3c
- 6√x2yz35√x2yz26√x2yz35√x2yz2