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Chapter 9: Radicals

9.8 Radicals of Mixed Index

Knowing that a radical has the same properties as exponents allows conversion of radicals to exponential form and then reduce according to the various rules of exponents is possible. This is shown in the following examples.

Example 9.8.1

Simplify 8x6y28x6y2.

First rewrite the radical as a fractional exponent(x6y2)18Multiply all exponentsx618y218This yieldsx68y28Reducing this givesx34y14Rewrite as4x3yFirst rewrite the radical as a fractional exponent(x6y2)18Multiply all exponentsx618y218This yieldsx68y28Reducing this givesx34y14Rewrite as4x3y

Note: In Example 9.8.1, all exponents are reduced by the common factor 2. If there is a common factor in all exponents, reduce by dividing that common factor without having to convert to a different form.

Example 9.8.2

Simplify 24a6b9c1524a6b9c15.

For this radical, notice that each exponent has the common factor 3.

The solution is to divide each exponent by 3, which yields 8a2b3c58a2b3c5.

When encountering problems where the index of the radicals do not match,convert each radical to individual exponents and use the properties of exponents to combine and then reduce the radicals.

Example 9.8.3

Simplify 34x2y48xy334x2y48xy3.

First, convert each radical to a complete exponential form.

This looks like(4x2y)13(8xy3)14Multiply all exponents413x213y13814x14y314This yields413x23y13814x14y34Combining like variables leaves413814x23x14y13y34(Note: 413814=22132314=223234)Accounting for this yields223234x23x14y13y34Reducing this yields223+34x23+14y13+34Which further reduces to21712x1112y1312Reduce this2y2512x1112y112Convert this back into a radical2y(25x11y)112Which leaves 2y1225x11yThis looks like(4x2y)13(8xy3)14Multiply all exponents413x213y13814x14y314This yields413x23y13814x14y34Combining like variables leaves413814x23x14y13y34(Note: 413814=22132314=223234)Accounting for this yields223234x23x14y13y34Reducing this yields223+34x23+14y13+34Which further reduces to21712x1112y1312Reduce this2y2512x1112y112Convert this back into a radical2y(25x11y)112Which leaves 2y1225x11y

The strategy of converting all radicals to exponents works for increasingly complex radicals.

Example 9.8.4

Simplify 3x(y+z)39x(y+z)23x(y+z)39x(y+z)2.

First, convert each radical to a complete exponential form.

This looks like312x12(y+z)12913x13(y+z)23(Note: 913=323)Combining like variables leaves312323x12x13(y+z)12(y+z)23Reducing this yields312+23x12+13(y+z)12+23Which further reduces to376x56(y+z)76Reduce this3(y+z)316x56(y+z)16Convert this back into a radical3(y+z)[3x5(y+z)]16Which leaves3(y+z)63x5(y+z)This looks like312x12(y+z)12913x13(y+z)23(Note: 913=323)Combining like variables leaves312323x12x13(y+z)12(y+z)23Reducing this yields312+23x12+13(y+z)12+23Which further reduces to376x56(y+z)76Reduce this3(y+z)316x56(y+z)16Convert this back into a radical3(y+z)[3x5(y+z)]16Which leaves3(y+z)63x5(y+z)

Questions

Reduce the following radicals. Leave as fractional exponents.

  1. 816x4y6816x4y6
  2. 49x2y649x2y6
  3. 1264x4y6z81264x4y6z8
  4. 825x316x5825x316x5
  5. 616x9y4616x9y4
  6. 15x9y12z615x9y12z6
  7. 12x6y912x6y9
  8. 1064x8y41064x8y4
  9. 8x6y4z28x6y4z2
  10. 425y2425y2
  11. 98x3y698x3y6
  12. 1681x8y121681x8y12

Combine the following radicals. Leave as fractional exponents.

  1. 355355
  2. 37473747
  3. x37xx37x
  4. 3y53y3y53y
  5. x3x2x3x2
  6. 43xx443xx4
  7. 5x2yx25x2yx2
  8. ab52a2b2ab52a2b2
  9. 4xy23x2y4xy23x2y
  10. 53a2b349a2b53a2b349a2b
  11. 4a2bc25a2b3c4a2bc25a2b3c
  12. 6x2yz35x2yz26x2yz35x2yz2

Answer Key 9.8

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